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Mark Zuckerberg & Priscilla Chan: How AI Will Cure All Disease

Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg join a16z’s Ben Horowitz, Erik Torenberg, and Vineeta Agarwala to share how the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative is building the computational tools that will accelerate the cure, prevention, and management of all disease by century's end. They explain why basic science needs $100 million-scale projects that traditional NIH grants can't fund, how their Cell Atlas became biology's missing periodic table with millions of cells catalogued in open-source format, and why their new virtual cell models will let scientists test high-risk hypotheses in silico before investing in expensive wet lab work. Plus: the organizational shift unifying the Biohub under AI leadership, what happens when biologists and engineers sit side-by-side, and why modern biology labs are expanding compute instead of square footage. Timestamps 00:00 Introduction 03:42 Building tools to accelerate scientific discovery 05:26 The credible path to funding basic science 07:03 Biohub = Frontier Biology + Frontier AI 08:58 Challenges building on a 10-15 year timeline 09:39 How CZI chooses what to work on 11:17 Making sense of science with LLMs 11:32 Measuring success in the therapeutic realm 13:32 "Most diseases should be thought of as rare diseases” 15:39 Inspiration: building a periodic table for biology 19:27 Why virtual cells? 21:17 The Biohub Master Plan 21:51 How virtual cell models allow more risk taking 28:15 Bringing CZI & Biohub together 30:32 Why Biohub matters 33:36 The importance of interface design in democratizing scientific discovery 35:34 How Biohub encourages cross-functional collaboration 40:38 Looking ahead: the broader impact of AI on biotech Stay Updated: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to like, subscribe, and share with your friends! Find a16z on X: https://x.com/a16z Find a16z on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/a16z Listen to the a16z Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5bC65RDvs3oxnLyqqvkUYX Listen to the a16z Podcast on Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a16z-podcast/id842818711 Follow our host: https://x.com/eriktorenberg Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures.

Mark ZuckerbergguestPriscilla ChanguestErik TorenberghostVineeta Agarwalahost
Nov 6, 202544mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

CZI Biohub bets on AI tools to accelerate biology breakthroughs

  1. CZI’s core strategy is tool-building: create shared, open resources that let the broader scientific community move faster than traditional grant-by-grant funding allows.
  2. They argue biology lacks an organizing “periodic table”-like foundation, motivating efforts like cell atlases, standardization, and virtual cell models as new primitives for discovery.
  3. Biohub’s differentiator is pairing frontier biology with frontier AI in one organization, enabling a tight feedback loop where experiments produce data tailored to model gaps.
  4. “Virtual cells” are positioned as a model-organism-like platform that can de-risk hypotheses in silico, enabling more ambitious experiments despite the cost and slowness of wet labs.
  5. Success is measured less by CZI producing drugs and more by catalyzing an ecosystem—startups, academia, pharma—using Biohub tools to enable precision medicine across diseases that are increasingly treated as individualized/‘rare’ conditions.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

The fastest path to medical progress is often a new tool, not a single discovery.

They frame scientific leaps (microscope/telescope analogies) as tool-enabled, and position Biohub as an engine for building tools that let many labs debug biology faster.

Philanthropy can fund the “missing middle” of science: expensive, long-horizon infrastructure.

NIH-style grants optimize for smaller, near-term projects; Biohub targets 10–15 year, $100M–$1B efforts (datasets, instrumentation, models) that are hard to justify in traditional funding structures.

Standardization can create compounding “network effects” in science.

Cell by Gene began as an annotation bottleneck fix for single-cell data; by making annotation easy and standardized, it pulled in broader community contributions (they claim ~75% came externally), turning a tool into an ecosystem.

Virtual cells are meant to make biology more ‘testable’ earlier, enabling higher-risk ideas.

Because wet-lab work is slow and career incentives punish failure, a useful (even imperfect) simulation can provide directional signals to de-risk hypotheses before committing time and money.

The ‘virtual cell’ roadmap is explicitly hierarchical and modular.

They describe building from protein models (e.g., folding/structure) into cellular models and then to larger systems (e.g., virtual immune system), combining specialized models into more general “world models” over biology.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

When we first set out that-- the goal to cure and prevent disease by the end of the century, people-- Like, honestly, most scientists couldn't look at us with a straight face.

Priscilla Chan

And it was true because if you just decided to spend the money funding the next best grant for every single lab in the country, like, you-- there's no pathway to that being true.

Priscilla Chan

It's kind of this crazy thing that we're, you know, here in, you know, 2025, and there's not the kind of periodic table of elements equivalent for biology.

Mark Zuckerberg

And, and so those are rare, like and, and but I really think most diseases should be thought of as rare diseases because each one of our biology is different.

Priscilla Chan

But if you had a virtual cell model where you could simulate really high quality biology, you could actually then start testing and tinkering on the computational side and like ask riskier questions, things that would've been expensive and ti- costly in terms of time and resources to do in the lab, and actually see if there is promise doing the experiments in silico before you make the time and money investment in the wet lab.

Priscilla Chan

Mission: cure/prevent/manage disease by century’s end (via acceleration)Tool-building as the lever for scientific breakthroughsOpen datasets, standardization, and network effects (Cell by Gene)Biohub model: frontier biology + frontier AIVirtual cell models and hierarchical modeling (protein → cell → systems)Domain-specific models, reasoning over biology, and UI/UX for scientistsOrganizational design: centralized flywheel + collaborative network; compute as lab space

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