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RSD defined: extreme sensitivity to perceived loss of approval
William Dodson defines rejection sensitive dysphoria (RSD) as an intense sensitivity to the perception—whether accurate or not—that someone has withdrawn love, approval, or respect. The key feature is that it’s triggered by perceived rejection, not necessarily actual rejection.
Why it’s different from normal rejection: catastrophic impact in ADHD
He contrasts everyday rejection (which nobody enjoys) with the experience in ADHD, where the impact can feel catastrophic. This outsized intensity is presented as a hallmark of RSD in people with ADHD-style nervous systems.
Meaning of “dysphoria”: unbearable emotional pain
Dodson explains that the term includes “dysphoria” because the pain can feel unbearable. He notes the Greek origin of dysphoria as literally meaning “unbearable,” emphasizing the severity of the subjective experience.
Speed and intensity: the “zero to 100” reaction
A defining trait he highlights is how rapidly RSD can strike—an abrupt escalation from calm to extreme distress. The reaction is described as instantaneous and overwhelming, as if being suddenly hit by rejection pain.
Physical component: rejection pain felt in the body
Dodson emphasizes that RSD isn’t only emotional; it can be physically painful. He describes visible bodily reactions that reflect how the distress manifests somatically.
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