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Dr. Andy Galpin: How to Assess & Improve All Aspects of Your Fitness | Huberman Lab Guest Series

In this episode 1 of a 6-part special series, Andy Galpin, PhD, professor of kinesiology at California State University, Fullerton and world expert on exercise science, explains the 9 different types of exercise adaptations that can be used to transform the functional capacities and aesthetics of our body, and benefits each adaptation has for our health. He explains the best evidence-based protocols to optimize your progress in building strength, endurance, muscle growth, flexibility and for optimal recovery, and he provides zero-cost and low-cost tests to assess all aspects of your physical fitness. This episode provides a foundation and tools for establishing a comprehensive assessment of your current fitness level, allowing you to select the ideal fitness programs to implement toward your goals. Subsequent episodes 2-6 in this special series explain goal-directed protocols to reach those goals. #HubermanLab #Fitness #Science Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://www.insidetracker.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Huberman Lab Social & Website Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Twitter: https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman Website: https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter: https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network Dr. Andy Galpin Academic Profile: http://hhd.fullerton.edu/knes/facultystaff/AndyGalpin.php Website: https://www.andygalpin.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/drandygalpin Instagram: https://instagram.com/drandygalpin YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCe3R2e3zYxWwIhMKV36Qhkw Articles Muscle health and performance in monozygotic twins with 30 years of discordant exercise habits: https://bit.ly/3Xh2ag4 New records in aerobic power among octogenarian lifelong endurance athletes: https://bit.ly/3ZLqVT8 Other Resources NSCA Warm-Up Protocols: https://www.nsca.com/search/?searchQuery=warm-up Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Andy Galpin 00:02:04 Assessing Fitness 00:05:40 9 Exercise-Induced Adaptations 00:10:56 Assessing Fitness Levels per Category; Fat Loss & Health 00:13:33 Momentous, LMNT, Eight Sleep 00:17:20 Lifetime Endurance Training: VO2 Max & Other Health Metrics 00:26:10 Genetics vs. Lifestyle, Endurance Training & Identical Twins 00:33:49 Aging, Muscle Fibers & Exercise 00:37:12 Lifetime Strength Training & Outcomes 00:39:58 AG1 (Athletic Greens) 00:40:51 Exercise Physiology History; Strength Training Popularity 00:51:26 Bodybuilding & Misconceptions; Circuit/Group Training 00:57:22 Women & Weight Training 01:04:19 Exercise Physiology History & Current Protocol Design 01:06:15 InsideTracker 01:07:18 Movement/Skill Test 01:12:38 Speed Test, Power Test 01:18:42 Strength Test 01:27:16 Hypertrophy Test 01:29:38 Muscular Endurance Test, Push-Up 01:36:23 Anaerobic Capacity Test, Heart Rate 01:39:29 Maximal Heart Rate Test, VO2 Max 01:42:42 Long Duration Steady State Exercise Test 01:44:00 Fitness Testing Frequency & Testing Order 01:52:44 VO2 Max Measurements 01:58:04 Protocols for the 9 Adaptations 01:59:58 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Neural Network Newsletter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com The Huberman Lab podcast is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing or other professional health care services, including the giving of medical advice, and no doctor/patient relationship is formed. The use of information on this podcast or materials linked from this podcast is at the user’s own risk. The content of this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Users should not disregard or delay in obtaining medical advice for any medical condition they may have and should seek the assistance of their health care professionals for any such conditions.

Andrew HubermanhostAndy Galpinguest
Jan 18, 20232h 1mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. 0:00 – 12:00

    Defining Fitness: Goals, Adaptations, and Why Methods Are Secondary

    Huberman introduces Galpin and frames fitness as encompassing aesthetics and function. Galpin lays out nine core physiological adaptations and explains why health and fat loss are outcomes of training these, not separate training goals. They set the agenda for using simple concepts to guide many possible methods.

  2. 12:00 – 38:00

    The Nine Adaptations: From Skill to Long-Duration Endurance

    Galpin defines each of the nine adaptations with concrete examples and time domains. He distinguishes local muscular endurance from systemic cardiovascular capacity and clarifies where VO2 max and classic ‘cardio’ fit.

  3. 38:00 – 1:12:00

    Endurance vs Strength in the Real World: Skiers and Twins

    Using elite elderly cross-country skiers and an identical twin case, Galpin shows how decades of endurance training massively preserves aerobic capacity yet leaves strength and muscle mass largely unimproved. The twin data vividly isolates training effects from genetics.

  4. 1:12:00 – 1:52:00

    Exercise Science History: How We Got Lopsided Training Cultures

    Galpin traces the roots of modern exercise science from the Harvard Fatigue Lab through endurance’s dominance, early fear of strength training, Arnold Schwarzenegger’s cultural impact, and the rise of bodybuilding and then CrossFit. This history explains why people still inherit biased beliefs about ‘proper’ training.

  5. 1:52:00 – 2:06:00

    Women, Research Gaps, and the Future of Sports Science

    Huberman and Galpin discuss women’s participation in strength training and sports science. While more women are entering applied roles (coaches, sport scientists), there’s still a major research gap in high-performance female-specific science, especially around topics like birth control and training.

  6. 2:06:00 – 2:26:00

    Where Training Is Headed: Blending Strength, Power, Endurance, and Hypertrophy

    With multiple training cultures now mature—powerlifting, weightlifting, CrossFit, bodybuilding—Galpin argues we can cherry-pick the best protocols from each to target specific adaptations and avoid unwanted ones. This enables individualized ‘health’ rather than one-size-fits-all prescriptions.

  7. 2:26:00 – 2:36:00

    How to Test Movement Quality: Joint-by-Joint Screening

    Galpin outlines a simple, inexpensive framework to assess movement skill and identify high-risk patterns. Using basic lifts and video, you rate each major joint on symmetry, stability, awareness, and range of motion to decide what’s safe to load, what needs technique work, and what to avoid.

  8. 2:36:00 – 3:00:00

    Testing Power and Strength: Jumps, Grip, and Leg Metrics

    Galpin gives low-tech and high-tech options to measure power and strength, followed by normative benchmarks. He emphasizes that most people don’t need elaborate lab equipment to get meaningful data and identify red flags.

  9. 3:00:00 – 3:16:00

    Muscular Endurance: Push-Ups, Planks, and Rep-at-75% Tests

    They define muscular endurance as local, not global, and explain why very low rep capacity is often a strength issue, not endurance. Galpin provides practical push-up, plank, and percentage-based tests to evaluate whether your muscles can sustain submaximal loads.

  10. 3:16:00 – 3:28:00

    Anaerobic Capacity and Heart-Rate Recovery

    Galpin discusses how to test short, brutally hard efforts that stress the anaerobic system and how to interpret heart-rate recovery as a simple, powerful marker of cardiovascular fitness.

  11. 3:28:00 – 3:48:00

    VO2 Max and Long-Duration Endurance: Minimal Standards and Preferred Zones

    They move into testing maximal aerobic capacity with simple run/walk protocols and define preferred VO2 ranges for robust health. Galpin then defines what ‘good enough’ looks like for steady-state endurance using time, not fancy zones.

  12. 3:48:00 – 4:10:00

    How Often and How to Schedule a Full Fitness Assessment

    Galpin recommends treating comprehensive testing like annual lab work, then retesting weak spots more often. He outlines how to sequence tests over days and within a single session to maximize data quality without derailing training.

  13. 4:10:00

    Closing: From Assessment to Protocols in Future Episodes

    They highlight that no one needs to be elite in all nine areas; the goal is to avoid severe deficits that compromise independence, health, and performance. Galpin previews upcoming episodes that will give detailed, evidence-based programming to improve each adaptation based on the test results.

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