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How to Heal From Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | Dr. Victor Carrión

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Victor Carrión, M.D., the Vice-Chair of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford School of Medicine and a world expert on the understanding and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children, adolescents, and adults. We explain why, as children, we are particularly vulnerable to PTSD and how stress and trauma affect the developing brain. We also discuss how PTSD is related to attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and vice versa. Dr. Carrión shares effective therapeutic interventions for PTSD, including cue-centered therapy (CCT) and how to create a custom “toolbox” to help you identify triggers and manage stress. We discuss an emerging curriculum that combines yoga and mindfulness to help people with PTSD improve their stress resilience, mood, and sleep. The episode will provide listeners of all ages with a clear understanding of PTSD and effective strategies to heal from it. Access the full show notes for this episode: https://go.hubermanlab.com/aTALcMs Use Ask Huberman Lab, our chat-based tool, for summaries, clips, and insights from this episode: https://go.hubermanlab.com/y2fb9n Pre-order Andrew's book, Protocols: https://go.hubermanlab.com/protocols *Thank you to our sponsors* AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman *Dr. Victor Carrión* Stanford academic profile: https://stan.md/3zELetj Stanford Health Care profile: https://shc.is/4e9xZzZ Early Life Stress and Resilience Program: https://stan.md/4gCLNo7 Books: https://amzn.to/4gxYosS LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/victor-carrion-3291b813 *Timestamps* 00:00:00 Dr. Victor Carrión 00:01:56 Sponsors: Eight Sleep, BetterHelp & Waking Up 00:06:19 Stress, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Avoidance 00:11:41 Stressors, Perseverate; Children & PTSD 00:16:13 Transgenerational Trauma 00:19:20 Post-Traumatic Stress Injury (PTSI); Children, Dissociation & Cortisol 00:27:17 Cortisol & Brain, Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms 00:31:48 Sponsor: AG1 00:33:19 PTSD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 00:40:17 PTSD & ADHD; Identifying Cues, Triggers & Interventions 00:47:49 PTSI, Autonomic Nervous System Seesaw; Sleep 00:53:11 PTSD, Brain Development & Kids; Cue-Centered Therapy 01:02:37 Sponsor: Function 01:04:25 Limbic Pathway, Inner Dialogue, Therapy Toolbox 01:12:34 Agency & Control, Deliberate Cold Exposure, Narrative 01:18:11 Custom Toolbox Development; Energy 01:26:32 Tool: 4-Corner Square Response, Understanding Cues 01:32:59 Tool: “Creating Space,” Feelings Thermometer, Analyzing 4-Corners 01:38:47 Social Media, Boundaries 01:46:07 School, Yoga & Mindfulness Curriculum 01:55:31 Implementing School Mindfulness Programs, Sleep 02:00:52 Barriers to School Programs 02:06:08 Redefining Success, Identity 02:10:33 Resilience & Adaptation; Organoids, Epigenetic Treatment Response 02:21:42 Listening to Kids & Adults 02:24:19 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter #HubermanLab #Science #PTSD Disclaimer & Disclosures: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Andrew HubermanhostVictor Carriónguest
Sep 23, 20242h 26mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. 7:00 – 13:00

    Defining Stress: From Helpful Challenge to Traumatic Overload

    Carrión introduces his core interest in stress rather than diagnosis alone, explaining how stress spans a spectrum from beneficial to traumatic. He outlines the inverted U‑curve model and distinguishes homeostasis from allostasis, setting up how traumatic stress and PTSD fit into this framework.

  2. 13:00 – 21:00

    PTSD, Rumination, and the Accumulation of Life Stressors

    The discussion turns to how perseverating on trauma without support can be unhelpful, and how PTSD often stems from cumulative adverse experiences rather than a single catastrophic event. Carrión uses fieldwork in post‑earthquake Haiti to illustrate how disasters can surface deeper, chronic traumas like violence and poverty.

  3. 21:00 – 29:00

    Child vs Adult PTSD: Plasticity, Vulnerability, and Recovery

    Carrión explains why children are more vulnerable to PTSD despite popular claims that they are inherently resilient. He discusses neuroplasticity as a double‑edged sword that can amplify both negative and positive environmental impacts on brain development and recovery.

  4. 29:00 – 37:00

    Transgenerational Trauma and Learned PTSD Patterns

    The conversation addresses transgenerational trauma through both genetic vulnerability and learned behavior. While genomic transmission of trauma‑induced changes remains uncertain, Carrión emphasizes how children may develop PTSD‑like symptoms by learning avoidance, hypervigilance, and mistrust from traumatized parents.

  5. 37:00 – 54:00

    Autonomic Nervous System, Dissociation, and ADHD Misdiagnosis

    Carrión details how the autonomic nervous system reacts under trauma and why children often freeze or dissociate rather than fight or flee. He describes clinical confusion between PTSD and ADHD in school settings and how hypervigilance and dissociation can be mistaken for hyperactivity and inattention.

  6. 54:00 – 1:18:00

    Cortisol Rhythms, Nighttime Arousal, and Brain Changes in Traumatized Youth

    The discussion digs into cortisol dynamics in children with PTSD symptoms, their disrupted evening cortisol, and how this connects to sleep problems and brain development. Carrión describes MRI and fMRI work showing structural and functional differences in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex linked to cortisol and trauma exposure.

  7. 1:18:00 – 1:40:00

    From Brain Findings to Cue‑Centered Therapy

    Carrión explains how imaging and cortisol findings led him to design cue‑centered therapy (CCT), a hybrid, multimodal treatment tailored for children with cumulative trauma. CCT emphasizes psychoeducation, identification of trauma cues, empowerment, and flexible tool‑building without requiring continuous parental participation.

  8. 1:40:00 – 2:03:00

    Practicing Positive Thoughts and Building a Personalized Toolbox

    Carrión describes how CCT helps children build a coping toolbox and practice positive thoughts like a skill, not just during crises but in daily life. He emphasizes agency: children decide which tools work for them, leading to idiosyncratic but powerful strategies that signal, “I can take care of myself.”

  9. 2:03:00 – 2:22:00

    The Four‑Corner Square: Thoughts, Emotions, Body, and Actions

    Here Carrión introduces a simple but powerful cognitive‑behavioral framework: a square with four corners representing thoughts, emotions, physical sensations, and actions. He explains how exploring a problematic response through one accessible corner can transform the entire pattern and generate alternative, healthier responses.

  10. 2:22:00 – 2:53:00

    Mindfulness, Yoga, and Large‑Scale School Prevention

    The conversation shifts to prevention and staff well‑being. Carrión describes bringing yoga and mindfulness to his clinical team to buffer vicarious trauma, then expanding those practices into schools in East Palo Alto and beyond. The surprising behavioral and sleep benefits led to a large randomized study with broad implications.

  11. 2:53:00 – 3:11:00

    Technology, Social Media, and Creating Psychological ‘Space’

    Huberman and Carrión explore how constant digital stimulation resembles sensory overload in a busy bazaar and the need to recreate ‘space’ for reflection. Carrión frames social media as a powerful tool that, like a hammer or knife, requires rules, modeling, and boundaries to be used safely.

  12. 3:11:00 – 3:27:00

    Scaling Interventions: From Puerto Rico to National Policy

    Carrión describes a major project in Puerto Rico, a single large school district battered by multiple natural disasters and social stressors. There, all teachers are being trained in yoga/mindfulness and school counselors in cue‑centered therapy, with systematic assessments aimed at creating a scalable model for other big districts.

  13. 3:27:00 – 3:56:00

    Resilience, Adaptation, and Organoid Research on Stress Biology

    The final scientific segment explores resilience not just as ‘bouncing back’ but as adapting to a better state. Carrión outlines organoid research using cortisol exposure in mini‑brains to identify genes involved in PTSD vulnerability and resilience, which is then linked to buccal‑swab genetics in Puerto Rican youth.

  14. 3:56:00

    Listening, Agency, and the Path Forward in Treating PTSD

    In closing, Carrión emphasizes the importance of listening deeply to children’s and adults’ experiences, rather than imposing solutions. He reiterates that creating space for people to feel supported and to recognize their own strengths is central to healing, and he underscores that many of the most effective psychiatrists talk less and listen more.

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