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Joe Rogan Experience #1211 - Dr. Ben Goertzel

Dr. Ben Goertzel is the founder and CEO of SingularityNET, a blockchain-based AI marketplace.

Joe RoganhostDr. Ben Goertzelguest
Dec 5, 20182h 15mWatch on YouTube ↗

EVERY SPOKEN WORD

  1. 0:0015:00

    Boom. Hello, Ben. …

    1. JR

      Boom. Hello, Ben.

    2. BG

      Hey, there.

    3. JR

      Good to see you, man.

    4. BG

      Yeah, it's a pleasure to be here.

    5. JR

      Thanks for doing this.

    6. BG

      Yeah, yeah. Thank, thank, thanks for having me. I've been, I've been looking at, at some of your shows in, in the last few... last few days, just to, to get a sense of how you're thinking about AI and-

    7. JR

      Th-

    8. BG

      ... crypto and the various other things I- I'm involved in, and it, it's been interesting.

    9. JR

      Well, I've been following you as well. I've been, uh, paying attention to a lot of your lectures and talks and different things you've done over the last couple of days as well, getting ready for this. It's, uh, AI is, uh, either people are really excited about it or they're really terrified of it. Those are the sort of... It seems to be the two responses. Either people have this dismal view of these robots taking over the world, or they think it's going to be some amazing sort of symbiotic relationship with that we have with these things that's gonna evolve human beings past the, the monkey stage that we're at right now.

    10. BG

      Yeah. And I, I, I tend to be on the latter, more positive side-

    11. JR

      Good.

    12. BG

      ... of, of, of this dichotomy. But, I, I think one thing that has struck me in recent years is many people are now, you know, mentally confronting all the issues surrounding AI for the first time. And I, I mean, I've been working on AI for three decades, and I first started thinking about AI when I was a little kid in the early, late 60s and early 70s when I saw AIs and robots on the original Star Trek. So, I guess I've had a lot of cycles to process the positives and, and negatives of it. Whereas now, like suddenly mo- most of the world is thinking through all this for the first, for the first time. And, you know, when you first wrap your brain around the idea that there may be creatures 10,000 or a million times smarter than, than human beings, at first this is a bit of a shocker, right?

    13. JR

      Yeah.

    14. BG

      And, and then, I mean, it takes a while to internalize this into your world view.

    15. JR

      Well, it's... That there's also, I think, there's a problem with the term artificial intelligence, 'cause it's, it's, it's intelligent. It's there. It's a real thing.

    16. BG

      Yeah.

    17. JR

      Like, it's not artificial. It's not like a fake diamond or a fake Ferrari. It's a real thing. And it, it's very-

    18. BG

      It's not a great term, and-

    19. JR

      Right.

    20. BG

      ... there's been many attempts to replace it with synthetic intelligence for, for example.

    21. JR

      Hmm. Right.

    22. BG

      But for better or worse, like, AI is there. It's part of the-

    23. JR

      Yeah.

    24. BG

      ... popular imagination. It seems... It's an imperfect word, but it's, it's not going away.

    25. JR

      Well, I, I... My question is, like, are we married to this idea of intelligence and of life being biological, being carbon-based tissue and cells and blood and... Or, or insects, or mammals, or fish? Are, are we married to that too much? Do you think that it's entirely possible that what human beings are doing and what people that are at the, the tip of AI right now that are really pushing the technology, what they're doing is really creating a new life form? That it's, it's going to be a new thing, that just the same way we recognize wasps and buffalos-

    26. BG

      Right.

    27. JR

      ... and artificial intelligence is just gonna be a life form that emerges from the creativity and ingenuity of human beings?

    28. BG

      Well, in-in-deed. So, I mean, I've long been, uh, an advocate of a philosophy I think of as, as patternism. Like, it's the pattern of organization that appears to be the, the critical thing, and the min- ... The... You know, the individual cells, and going down further, like the molecules and particles in our body are, are turning over all the time. So it's not-

    29. JR

      Hmm.

    30. BG

      ... the specific combination of elementary particles which makes me who I am or makes you who you are. It's the pattern by which they're organized and the patterns by which they change over time. So it... I mean, if we can create digital systems or quantum computers or femto computers or whatever it is manifesting the patterns of organization that constitute intelligence, I mean, then, then there you are. There, there, there is intelligence, right? So that, that's not to say that, you know, consciousness and experience is just about patterns of organization. There may be more dimensions to it. But when, when you look at what constitutes intelligence, thinking, cognition, problem-solving, you know, it's the pattern of organization, not, not the specific material as, as, as far as we can tell. So, we can see no reason, based on all the science that we know so far, that you couldn't make an intelligent system out of some other form of matter rather than the, the specific types of atoms and molecules that, that, that make up human beings, and it seems that we're, we're well on the way to being able to do so.

  2. 15:0030:00

    Is the issue that…

    1. BG

      on- on the planet, even while, in some ways, going- going beyond ev- everything that- that we are, right? And there can't be any guarantees about something like this. On the other hand, humanity has really never had any guarantees about anything anyway, right? I mean, since- since- since- since we created civilization, we've been leaping into the unknown one time after the other in- in a somewhat conscious and self-aware way about it, from, you know, agriculture, to language, to math, to the Industrial Revolution. We're leaping into the unknown all the time, which is part of why we're where we are today instead of just another animal species, right? So we can't have a guarantee that AGIs, artificial general intelligences, we create are going to do what we consider the right thing given our current value systems. O- o- on the other hand, I suspect we can bias the odds in the favor of- of human values and- and culture, and that's something I've- I've put a lot of thought and work into alongside the, you know, the basic algorithms of- of artificial cognition.

    2. JR

      Is the issue that the initial creation would be subject to our programming, but that it could perhaps program something more efficient and design something? Like, if you build creativity...

    3. BG

      Well, certainly.

    4. JR

      ... into artificial general intelligence, right.

    5. BG

      I mean, you have to. I mean, general- generalization is about creativity, right?

    6. JR

      Right. Yeah. But is the issue that it would choose to not accept our values, which it might find...

    7. BG

      Well, clearly, we'll choose not to accept our values.

    8. JR

      Right.

    9. BG

      And- and we want it to choose not to accept all of our values.

    10. JR

      Right.

    11. BG

      So it- it's more a matter of whether the ongoing creation evolution of new values occurs with some continuity and respect for the previous ones. So I mean, uh, with... I have four human kids now. One is a baby, but the other three are adults, right? And with each of them, I took the approach of trying to teach the kids what my values were, not just by preaching at them, but by entering with them...

    12. JR

      Sure.

    13. BG

      ... in- into shared situations. But then, you know when your kids grow up, they're gonna go in their own different directions, right? And- and...

    14. JR

      Right. But these are humans, right?

    15. BG

      But you... But...

    16. JR

      They all have the same sort of biological needs, which is one of the reasons...

    17. BG

      M- mostly.

    18. JR

      ... why we have these desires...

    19. BG

      Right. But- but...

    20. JR

      ... in the first place.

    21. BG

      Yeah, there still is an analogy. I- I think the AIs that we create, you can think of as- as our mind children, and we're starting them off with our culture and values, if- if we do it properly, or at least with a certain subset of the whole diverse self-contradictory mess of human culture and values.

    22. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    23. BG

      But you know they're going to evolve in a- in a different direction, but you want that evolution to take place in a reflective and- and- and caring way, rather than a heedless way. 'Cause if- if you think about it, the average human a thousand years ago, or even 50 years ago, would have thought you and me were, like, hopelessly immoral miscreants who had abandoned all the valuable thing- things in life, right? I mean...

    24. JR

      Just 'cause of your hat? (laughs)

    25. BG

      Uh, my- my- my- my hat...

    26. JR

      The long hair.

    27. BG

      I mean, I'm- I'm an... I'm an infidel, right? I don't... I don't... I haven't gone to church, uh, ever, I- I- I- I guess.

    28. JR

      (laughs)

    29. BG

      I mean, my- my- my mother is lesbian, right? I mean, there- there's all- all these things that we take for granted now...

    30. JR

      Right.

  3. 30:0045:00

    Well we found that…

    1. BG

      and- and unapologetic, right? So it's a new like military industrial advertising complex which is- is guiding the evolution of the global brain on- on the planet, which ...

    2. JR

      Well we found that with this past election, right? With, uh, all the ...

    3. BG

      Yeah. (laughs)

    4. JR

      ... intrusion by foreign entities trying to influence the election, that they've ... th- these giant houses set up to write bad stories about whoever they don't want to be, uh, in office.

    5. BG

      Yeah, in a way that's almost a red herring, but it ... I mean the Russian stuff is almost a red herring. But it revealed what the processes ...... are, which, which are used to program-

    6. JR

      Yeah. How is it also red herring?

    7. BG

      Oh, be- because I think the... whatever programming of Americans' minds is done by the Russians is minicu- minuscule compared to the programming of Americans' minds by (laughs) -

    8. JR

      Americans.

    9. BG

      ... by, by the American-

    10. JR

      Yeah.

    11. BG

      ... American...

    12. JR

      Sure.

    13. BG

      ... corporate and government elite, right? So... (laughs)

    14. JR

      But it's fascinating that anybody's even jumping in, as well as the American elite.

    15. BG

      Yeah. Sure. It's, it's, it's...

    16. JR

      Yeah. It all looks weird.

    17. BG

      It's an... It's, it's interesting, and if you look at what's happening in China, that's like...

    18. JR

      Yeah.

    19. BG

      Yeah, yeah, yeah. They're, they're way better at it than, th- th- than w- than we are, right?

    20. JR

      Well, it's much more horrific, right? And that's one of the reasons...

    21. BG

      Well, it's more... it's more professional, it's more polished, it's more centralized.

    22. JR

      Yeah.

    23. BG

      On the other hand, for almost everyone in China, China's a very good place to live. And, you know, the level of improvement in that country in the last 30 years has just been astounding, right?

    24. JR

      Right.

    25. BG

      Like, you... I mean, you can't, you can't argue with how much better it's gotten there since Deng Xiaoping took over.

    26. JR

      So is that because of-

    27. BG

      It's, it's tremendous.

    28. JR

      ... because they're not... They, they've embraced capitalism to a certain extent?

    29. BG

      They've created their own unique system.

    30. JR

      Right.

  4. 45:001:00:00

    Mm-hmm. …

    1. BG

      is not large at this present moment.

    2. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    3. BG

      Although, that's a beautiful and amazing area for invention and innovation and creativity. So, I think what's driving our rapid push toward building AI, I mean, it's not just our, our creative drive. It's, it's the fact there's tremendous economic value, military value, and, and human value. I mean, curing diseases, teaching kids.

    4. JR

      Yeah.

    5. BG

      There's tremendous value in almost everything that's important to human beings in, in building AI, right? So you put that together with our drive to create and innovate, and this becomes an almost unstoppable force within, within human society. And what we've seen in the last, you know, three to five years is suddenly, you know, national leaders and titans of industry and even, like, pop stars, right? They've woken up to the concept that, wow, smarter and smarter AI is real, and this is gonna get better and better, like, within years to decades, not centuries to, to millennia. So, now the cat's out of the bag. Nobody's gonna put it back, and it's about, you know, how can we direct it in the most beneficial possible way? And as you say, it doesn't have to be just one possible way, right? Like, what-

    6. JR

      Right.

    7. BG

      ... what I look forward to personally is bifurcating myself into an array of, of possible Bens. Like, uh, I'd like to let one copy of me fuse itself with a superhuman AI mind and, you know, b- become, become a, a, a God-

    8. JR

      A Ben God.

    9. BG

      ... or something beyond a God. And I wouldn't even be myself.

    10. JR

      Beyond a God?

    11. BG

      I wouldn't even be myself anymore, right?

    12. JR

      Right.

    13. BG

      I mean, you, you would lose all concepts of, of human self and identity, but-

    14. JR

      But what would be the point of even holding to any of it?

    15. BG

      Yeah. Well, that's-

    16. JR

      I mean, if you're-

    17. BG

      ... that's for the future. That's for the mega Ben to decide, right?

    18. JR

      Right, mega Ben.

    19. BG

      Yeah, yeah. On the other hand, I'd like to let one of me remain in human form, you know, get, get, get rid of, uh, death and disease and, uh, psychological issues and, and just live, live happily forever, you know, in, in the people zoo watched over by the machines of love and grace, right? So I mean, you, you can have... It doesn't have to be either/or, because on- once, once you can scan your brain and body and 3D print new copies of yourself, you could have multiple of you explore different scenarios.

    20. JR

      Right, but isn't that a giant resource hog? I mean, that's-

    21. BG

      There's a lot of mass energy in the universe.

    22. JR

      In the universe? Okay, that's assuming that we can escape this planet. Because if you're, if you're talking about just people with money cloning themselves-

    23. BG

      Well, that's ... If, if you're gonna make a c-

    24. JR

      ... w- could you live in a world with a billion Donald Trumps? Because, like-

    25. BG

      Uh...

    26. JR

      ... literally w- that's what we're talking about. We're talking about wealthy people-

    27. BG

      You could play whack-a-Trump. Yeah, right. Yeah, okay.

    28. JR

      ... but wealthy people being able to reproduce themselves, and just-

    29. BG

      Oh.

    30. JR

      ... having this idea that they would like their ego to exist in multiple different forms, whether it's some super symbiote form that's connected to artificial intelligence, or some biological form that's immortal, or some other form that st- is, stands just as a, uh, a normal human being as we know it in 2018. If you have multiple versions of yourself over and over and over again like that, that's where you're, where you're talking about-

  5. 1:00:001:15:00

    Uh-huh. …

    1. BG

      decision of all the participants. Then where cryptography comes in is when I vote, I don't have to say, "Yeah, this is Ben Goertzel voting for this update to be accepted or not." It's just ID number 1357264.

    2. JR

      Uh-huh.

    3. BG

      And then encryption is used to make sure that, you know, it's, it's the same guy voting every time that, that, that it, it claims to be with- without needing, like, your, your passport number or something, right?

    4. JR

      But what's ironic about it is it's probably one of the best ways ever conceived to actually vote in this country.

    5. BG

      Yeah. Sure. It would be-

    6. JR

      I mean, it is kind of ironic, right?

    7. BG

      There's a lot of applications for it that, you know, the, the, the, that's, that- that's right. So th- there's, so th- that, I mean, that's the core mechanism, though where the blockchain comes from is like a data structure where to store the data in this distributed database, it's stored in, in a chain of blocks, where each block contains data. The thing is, not every so-called blockchain system even uses a chain of blocks now. Like, some use a, a tree or a graph of blocks or something, so...

    8. JR

      Is it a bad term?

    9. BG

      Mm-hmm.

    10. JR

      Or is there a better term?

    11. BG

      I mean, it's, it's an all right term. It-

    12. JR

      Is it like AI? Like, just one of those terms we're stuck with?

    13. BG

      Yeah, yeah. It's one o-

    14. JR

      Yeah.

    15. BG

      ... it's one of those terms we're stuck with, even though it's not quite technically, not quite technically accurate. And I mean, anymore, I mean, 'cause w- w- what... I don't know another buzzword for it, right?

    16. JR

      Right.

    17. BG

      Wh- wh- what it is, is a, it's a distributed ledger with encryption and decentralized control. (laughs)

    18. JR

      Yeah.

    19. BG

      And blockchain is the buzzword that's come about for that. Now, what, what got me interested in blockchain really is this decentralized control aspect. So my, my, my wife, who I've been with for 10 years now, she dug up recently something I'd forgotten, which is a web page I'd made in 1995-

    20. JR

      Wow.

    21. BG

      ... like a long time ago, where I'd said, "Hey, I'm gonna run for president on the decentralization platform," right? (laughs) ... which I'd completely forgotten that- that-

    22. JR

      (laughs)

    23. BG

      ... crazy idea. I, I, I was very young then. I had no idea what an annoying job being president would be, right? But, but (laughs) the, so the, the idea of decentralized control seemed very important to me back then, which is well before Bitcoin was invented, 'cause I could see, you know, a global brain is evolving on the planet, involving humans, computers, communication devices, and we don't want this global brain to be controlled by, by a small elite. We want the global brain to be controlled in a, in a decentralized way. So-

    24. JR

      Right.

    25. BG

      ... so that, that's really the, the beauty of this, uh, blockchain infrastructure, and what, what got me interested in the practical technologies of blockchain was really when Ethereum came out and you had the notion of a smart contract, which-

    26. JR

      What's Ethereum?

    27. BG

      Ethereum, yeah, so-

    28. JR

      What is that?

    29. BG

      Well, so the first blockchain technology was Bitcoin, right?

    30. JR

      Mm-hmm.

  6. 1:15:001:23:35

    Right. …

    1. BG

      decentralized platform in which AIs can talk to other AIs and... you know, like ants in a colony, group together to form smarter and smarter AI. Then we're spinning off a company called the Singularity Studio, which will use this decentralized platform to help big companies integrate AI into their operations. So with the Singularity Studio company, we wanna get all these big companies using the AI tools in the SingularityNET platform, and then we wanna drive, you know, massive usage of, of blockchain in, in the SingularityNET that, that way. So that's... if, if we're successful with what we're doing, this will be, you know, within a year from now or something, by far the biggest usage of blockchain out- outside of financial exchange, is our use of blockchain within SingularityNET for AI. Basically for customers to get the AI services that they need for their businesses and then for AIs to transact with other AIs, paying other AIs for doing services for them. 'Cause this, this, this, I think, is, is the path forward. It's like a society and economy of minds. It's not like one monolithic AI.

    2. JR

      Right.

    3. BG

      It's a whole bunch of AIs created by different people all over the world, which not only are in the marketplace providing services to customers, but each AI is asking questions of each other and then rating each other of how good they are sending data to each other and paying each other for their services. So this, this like network of AIs can emerge an intelligence on the whole network level, as well as there being intelligence in e- in each, each component.

    4. JR

      And is it also fascinating to you that this is not dependent upon nations? That this is a worldwide endeavor?

    5. BG

      Well, yeah, I thi- I think, I think that's gonna be important once e- once it starts to get a very high level of intelligence.

    6. JR

      Yeah.

    7. BG

      Like in, in the early stages, okay, what would it hur-... Like if, if I had, you know, my own database, a central record of, of everything, like I'm, I'm an honest person. I'm not gonna rip anyone off. But once we start to make a transition toward artificial general intelligence in this global decentralized network, which has component AIs from every country on the planet, like a- at that point, once it's clear you're getting toward AGI, a lot of people want to step in and control this thing-

    8. JR

      Yeah.

    9. BG

      ... you know, by law, by military might, by any means necessary. By that point, the fact that you have this open, decentralized network under- underpinning everything, like this gives an a- an amazing resilience to what you're doing. Like who can shut down Linux? Who can shut down Bitcoin? No-

    10. JR

      Right.

    11. BG

      Nobody can, right?

    12. JR

      Yeah.

    13. BG

      You, you, you want AI... You want AI to be like that. You want it to be a global, you know, upsurge of, of creativity and, and mutual benefit from people all over the planet, which no powerful party can, can shut down even if they're afraid that it threatens their hegemony.

    14. JR

      It's very interesting because in a lot of ways that's a... i- it's a very elegant solution to what's an obvious problem.

    15. BG

      Yeah.

    16. JR

      Yeah. I'm... I-

    17. BG

      Just as the internet-

    18. JR

      Yeah.

    19. BG

      ... is an elegant solution to, to what's-

    20. JR

      Yeah.

    21. BG

      ... in hindsight an obvious problem, right? It's a...

    22. JR

      Distribution of an information-

    23. BG

      Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.

    24. JR

      ... to be able to communicate.

    25. BG

      Right.

    26. JR

      Yeah. This... but this is, uh, extra special to me because e- e- if I was a person running a country, I would be terrified of this shit. I'd be like, "Well, this is what's gonna take power away." Right.

    27. BG

      That depends which country. If, if you're a person running the US or China, you, you would have a different relationship than if you're a per-... Like I know the prime minister of Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed who's a... has a degree in software engineering and-

    28. JR

      Wow.

    29. BG

      ... he, he, he loves this.

    30. JR

      Mm-hmm.

Episode duration: 2:15:20

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