Skip to content
The Joe Rogan ExperienceThe Joe Rogan Experience

Joe Rogan Experience #2252 - Wesley Huff

Go to https://www.expressvpn.com/ROGAN and find out how you can get 4 months of ExpressVPN free! Don’t miss out on all the action this week at DraftKings! Download the DraftKings app today! Sign-up using http://dkng.co/rogan or through my promo code ROGAN. GAMBLING PROBLEM? CALL 1-800-GAMBLER, (800) 327-5050 or visit gamblinghelplinema.org (MA). Call 877-8-HOPENY/text HOPENY (467369) (NY). Please Gamble Responsibly. 888-789-7777/visit ccpg.org (CT) or visit www.mdgamblinghelp.org (MD).21+ and present in most states. (18+ DC/KY/NH/WY). Void in ONT/OR/NH. Eligibility restrictions apply. On behalf of Boot Hill Casino & Resort (KS). 1 per new customer. Min. $5 deposit. Min. $5 bet. Max. $200 issued as non-withdrawable Bonus Bets that expire in 7 days (168 hours). Stake removed from payout. Terms: dkng.co/dk-offer-terms. Ends 2/9/25 at 11:59 PM ET. Sponsored by DK. Wesley Huff is a Christian apologist, public speaker, and current Central Canada Director for Apologetics Canada. www.wesleyhuff.com

Joe RoganhostWesley Huffguest
Jan 7, 20253h 15mWatch on YouTube ↗

EVERY SPOKEN WORD

  1. 0:001:36

    How the Billy Carson “debate” brought Wesley Huff into the spotlight

    1. NA

      (drumming) Joe Rogan podcast, check it out. The Joe Rogan Experience. Train by day, Joe Rogan podcast by night, all day. (instrumental music)

    2. JR

      Wes, very nice to meet you.

    3. WH

      Joe, pleasure.

    4. JR

      So, uh, I, like many people, was introduced to you because of the, uh, debate-

    5. WH

      Yeah. (laughs)

    6. JR

      ... that you had with Billy Carson.

    7. WH

      Qu- quote, unquote.

    8. JR

      You know, it's one of those things where, uh, it's very unfortunate when people get caught with their pants down.

    9. WH

      Mm-hmm.

    10. JR

      And, um, I'm not an expert in many things, but the things that I am an expert on, you could wake me up at four o'clock in the morning and ask me about those things, and I'd go, "Oh, yeah, no, um-"

    11. WH

      Yeah.

    12. JR

      "... this is what it is."

    13. WH

      Yeah.

    14. JR

      I know, y- you know, like martial arts or comedy, I could tell you... I could give you an expert version of r- reality.

    15. WH

      Uh-huh.

    16. JR

      Um, it, it seems like he does not have that, and he is a wonderful talker, and it's a lot of fun. I like watching his videos. It's, I l- I love all that ancient history stuff, and even the, the most ridiculous tin foil hat aspects of ancien- it's fun.

    17. WH

      It's entertainment.

    18. JR

      But I know the, d- there's a different... Like, Andrew Schultz and I had a discussion about this, like he said when he had Billy on the podcast, he said, "We're not gonna fucking research anything."

    19. WH

      (laughs)

    20. JR

      "We're not gonna search anything. We're not gonna do anything. We'll just let him talk cuz it's fun."

    21. WH

      Yeah.

    22. JR

      Andrew's awesome. Um, but when he was on with you, it was quite apparent that you are an actual expert in-

    23. WH

      Hm.

    24. JR

      ... in the Bible-

    25. WH

      Mm-hmm.

    26. JR

      ... and in many religious, uh, texts, and that he d- d- didn't necessarily have the facts straight.

    27. WH

      Yeah.

  2. 1:362:49

    Fallout after the exchange: cease-and-desist threats and the Streisand effect

    1. JR

      So what was the fallout of all of that?

    2. WH

      Well, it's interesting you say the expert thing, cuz I, I literally was asked to do it 24 hours beforehand. So I had, like, the m- least amount of preparation-

    3. JR

      Right.

    4. WH

      ... going into it, and I, I was okay with that, because I'd, I'd listened-

    5. JR

      Cuz you're an actual expert.

    6. WH

      ... I'd listened to Billy Carson. Well, and I'd listened to the stuff he'd said, so I knew enough about the ways that he'd articulated-

    7. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    8. WH

      ... things about the ancient Near East and the Bible and Christianity to know enough that he, his level is, uh, is pretty surface. But the fallout was that not only did he not want us to release the, the conversation, but then he started throwing out cease and desist letters, and then he started, you know, uh, trying to sue people. So, I mean, I was never worried because I'm a Canadian, and, eh, anybody who's tried to sue internationally knows that...

    9. JR

      Good luck. (laughs)

    10. WH

      Yeah, right, yeah. As far as I understand it, he would've had to file a claim in a Canadian court that would have been reviewed to have legal precedence.

    11. JR

      Hm.

    12. WH

      That, t- he, eh- he'd have to prove that he could win.

    13. JR

      What was his argument?

    14. WH

      Um, apart from the fact that he was embarrassed that he lost?

  3. 2:496:11

    Sponsor break: ExpressVPN and online privacy

    1. JR

      Well, yeah, that's... Well, that's not really an argument, right? We've all been there. You're hungover, thinking about all the dumb stuff you did last night and wondering if anybody remembers. Unfortunately, someone does remember everything you do online, and they've got receipts. I'm talking about your internet provider and data brokers and every shady marketing company that gets their greedy hands on your private activity. But this year is gonna be different. Give your online privacy a fresh start with ExpressVPN. ExpressVPN is an easy-to-use app that encrypts your online activity and reroutes it through secure servers, keeping your browsing history private from third parties. And it hides your IP address, making it impossible for data brokers to use it to track you. You don't have to be a tech genius to use ExpressVPN. No matter what device you're using, phone, tablet, laptop, or smart TV, just tap one button to make everything you do online private. It's incredibly fast. It doesn't slow down your streaming or downloading, and it lets you connect instantly to secure servers in 105 countries around the world. So, forget Dry January. This year, you're going to do Private January with ExpressVPN. Get four extra months of fresh, clean privacy protection with my special link at expressvpn.com/rogan. That's expressvpn.com/rogan to get four extra months completely free. Tap the banner to learn more. That's just...

    2. WH

      Well, the cease and desist letter, yeah. The cease and desist letter said, you, I don't want you to use my name or my face-

    3. JR

      (laughs)

    4. WH

      ... in anything going forward, and anything you've used up until this point, you need to remove. And I was given 24 hours notice to do this.

    5. JR

      But if, if you're a public figure, he's clearly a public figure, is that even... Can you actually say-

    6. WH

      No.

    7. JR

      ... no?

    8. WH

      No, no, no, you can't do it.

    9. NA

      It's-

    10. JR

      So what was the... uh, does he have a lawyer that wrote the cease and desist? Is he a lawyer?

    11. WH

      Yeah. No. So he actually... It's interesting, 'cause he... Mark Menard, who was the guy who hosted this interaction, um, he sent Mark a handwritten one, and then he eventually gave Mark an official one from his lawyer. So I actually was sent one by his lawyer, which I, you know, screenshotted, posted publicly online, and said, "I'm gonna ignore this." Uh, and then, uh, but he'd sent Mark, who was the podcast host-

    12. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    13. WH

      ... uh, as, as far as I'm aware, numerous cease and desists, and Anton, who was the media manager, he'd sent a number of cease and desists.

    14. JR

      (inhales) It's unfortunate.

    15. WH

      It is unfortunate.

    16. JR

      It's, you're... When you get caught with your pants down, you're supposed to say, "I got caught with my pants down."

    17. WH

      Yeah.

    18. JR

      That's what you're supposed to do.

    19. WH

      Yeah.

    20. JR

      Like, it's the only, uh, especially if you're public, like, it's very clear that you're incorrect.

    21. WH

      Well, the irony of this situation is if he'd just kinda left it, it probably wouldn't have made anywhere close to the splash-

    22. JR

      No.

    23. WH

      ... that it's made. And we told him that. We said, like, "Hey-"

    24. JR

      Right.

    25. WH

      "... Barbra Streisand effect-"

    26. JR

      Yeah.

    27. WH

      "... is going to happen."

    28. JR

      Yeah.

    29. WH

      Like, "You're a big enough personality that if I make a video and say, like, 'Hey..."I had this conversation, didn't go well for Billy, and Billy doesn't want it released. That's gonna start to gain traction sooner or later.

    30. JR

      Yeah. Um, it's-

  4. 6:117:11

    What real expertise looks like: languages, philology, and scholarly methodology

    1. JR

      You know, the problem is to really delve into these subjects.

    2. WH

      Mm-hmm.

    3. JR

      To, to re- it takes a tremendous amount of research.

    4. WH

      Mm-hmm.

    5. NA

      Mm-hmm.

    6. JR

      Years and years and years of research. You really have to know what you're talking about. Most of us don't.

    7. NA

      Yeah.

    8. WH

      One, especially with languages.

    9. JR

      Yes.

    10. WH

      Like, we didn't get into it. I, I hoped to have, in our initial conversation, kind of press him a little bit more on the more overt things he'd said about, like, Greek and Hebrew and Sumerian, because I've studied a number of ancient languages, and when you study the languages, you realize the complexities of these things.

    11. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    12. WH

      And so when someone hasn't and they're making statements that are obviously indicative of someone who hasn't studied them, it's, it's super apparent.

    13. JR

      Right.

    14. WH

      And so I think it's one thing to be making claims about, say, like, Christian history or the Bible, but when you start to get into, like, linguistics and philology, it gets messy, and if you don't know what you're talking about, it gets really apparent really fast.

  5. 7:1111:44

    How the “debate” was arranged—and whether Carson knew what he was walking into

    1. JR

      So the gentleman who brought the two of you together, what was his goal? Like, what was he trying to do and how did he r- approach you?

    2. WH

      Yeah, so he's friends, or I should say was friends (laughs) . He was friends with Billy. They live in the same neighborhood.

    3. JR

      Oh, boy.

    4. WH

      So it's actually become really, um ... It's become pretty rough for him. So he released a video yesterday, which I think people should go and check out, where he kind of gives his perspective. He's been friends with Billy for years. He was at Billy's wedding.

    5. JR

      Oof.

    6. WH

      Billy had 15 people at his wedding.

    7. JR

      Oof.

    8. WH

      Mark was one of them. And they're, they live in this community in Florida. Their, their sons are friends. Their wives would hang out.

    9. JR

      Oof.

    10. WH

      And, um, Mark told me, he's like, "I've been hearing Billy say, you know, he wants to debate nobody. He'll debate him for years." And so as far as I think Mark was concerned, he was giving Billy the opportunity that Billy had told a lot of people he wanted.

    11. JR

      Right.

    12. WH

      And so he ... You know, this was set up, um, in that Mark and Billy have been talking. They've been on each other's podcasts in the past, and they've been friends, but more like business colleagues. Like, Mark has come out and said, uh, "I hadn't really gone into the stuff he'd said about Christianity or ancient religions or whatever that much." Mark is a, he's a Christian. Um, he has like a public profession of faith and he- him and Billy had talked about the fact that they wanted to talk about, like, faith stuff and some of their differences.

    13. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    14. WH

      And that, um, that Mark was kind of prepping for this, and his media manager, Anton, had sent him some of my stuff and said like, "Wes has done some stuff on some things that, that Billy has talked about. And, uh, you know, maybe you should look up some, some of the stuff, you know, read into it." And Mark, very last minute, was like, "Well, I'm- I feel inadequate. Do you think I could just ask Wes?" And so he DMed me on Instagram and just kind of laid this out like, "Hey, I'm gonna have Billy in my studio in 24 hours. I can tell him you're coming, can tell him who you are. I can, like, give him your background. But would you be willing to come?" And so that's what I did. And so that's how it got set up.

    15. JR

      So, um, correct me if I'm wrong, but was Billy aware that this was going to be a debate or did he think it was going to be just a discussion? Like, what did he think it was gonna be?

    16. WH

      No, he'd been given all of the pre- prerequisites.

    17. JR

      Okay.

    18. WH

      Like, he knew we were gonna go over some of his stuff that he'd said about Christianity, that I was gonna come in, who I was, what my name was, some- some of my background, and that part of the conversation was going to be me kind of asking him some clarifying questions and, and rebutting some of the things that he said. So he- You didn't watch the three-hour live stream that they did, did you?

    19. JR

      I watched chunks of it.

    20. WH

      Okay.

    21. JR

      I, I watched a little bit. I'm like, "Oof." And then I shut it off, and then I watched a little bit more. Oof.

    22. WH

      Yeah. So unfortunately, Billy there says he had no idea going in. And I mean, as Mark said in his video that he released yesterday, I mean that's patently false. He knew what it was gonna be, who was gonna be involved, and even some of the things that we would be talking about.

    23. JR

      Mm-hmm. Okay. And he also was claiming that it wasn't a debate, that he had been involved in debates before and that he would d- prepare for debates, but this is something he didn't prepare. But again, it's like-

    24. WH

      (clears throat)

    25. JR

      ... if you ask me about things that I know about-

    26. WH

      Yeah.

    27. JR

      ... you, you can wake me up-

    28. WH

      Yeah.

    29. JR

      ... out of a full sleep and give me a couple seconds, I'll go, "Oh, okay. Uh, this is what it is."

    30. WH

      Yeah.

  6. 11:4412:52

    Huff’s background: missionary upbringing and early exposure to multiple religions

    1. JR

      So let's just get into your background.

    2. WH

      Mm-hmm.

    3. JR

      Like, how did, how did you get started in your research and how did you, how did you get into this?

    4. WH

      Yeah. So I grew up in a Christian home. I- My parents were missionaries. So I was born in Pakistan and spent a portion of my childhood in the Middle East with my parents working in Amman, Jordan. And then, uh, we came back from, from the Middle East when I was pretty young. And, uh, so I grew up in this very like, uh, diverse home in the sense that my mom was, uh, a missionary kid who grew up in India. And so we had a lot of, like, world view kind of perspectives...... uh, represented in our home. Like I often say, we had the Bhagavad Gita and the Book of Mormon and-

    5. JR

      Really?

    6. WH

      ... the Quran on the shelf. Yeah.

    7. JR

      Oh, wow.

    8. WH

      Yeah. And I think, you know, that always, although my parents were never overt with this kind of stuff, uh, they always had the perspective that, you know, "We're Christians. We believe that this worldly perspective is true, but hey, this stuff isn't scary. This stuff isn't, you know, off limits." You know, "We can investigate these things." And they never said that outright, but that, I always felt this kind of attitude of that kind of perspective.

    9. JR

      Mm-hmm.

  7. 12:5219:13

    A sudden paralysis at 12—and the experience he calls a miracle

    1. WH

      And, you know, having been exposed in majority Muslim contexts and seeing that kind of stuff, and my mom having like a, a, a pretty good knowledge growing up in India of things like Hinduism and Sikhism and, and that. Um, and, uh, I don't know how much o- of the kind of testimony stuff you watched of mine, but, um, just before my 12th birthday, I actually was diagnosed with a neurological condition that left me paralyzed from the waist down.

    2. JR

      Yeah, I did see all that. Yeah.

    3. WH

      Yeah. So that, um, so that's a condition that's called acute transverse myelitis, which I often say is a forget, is a word you can forget as soon as you hear it 'cause-

    4. JR

      Yeah.

    5. WH

      ... it's a complicated one. But what happened was that I had the flu and my body's immune system attacked the nerve endings at the base of my spinal cord and caused swelling and cut off the communication between my brain and my legs. And-

    6. JR

      Instantaneously, right?

    7. WH

      Yeah, basically. I, I'd gone down for a nap, I was camping out in the bathroom floor, um, for flu reasons and, uh, when I woke up about 30 minutes later, I couldn't feel my legs. And so, yeah, that's the acute part of the acute transverse myelitis, was that it was basically instantaneous. And that's what made the diagnosis as severe as it was. Like, they said there's a 30% chance... 'Cause it was, it was like a small percentage of, uh, a probability that I, I would recover, but a much higher percentage that there would be a, a lot of either complete paralysis for the rest of my life or, um, some kind of, uh, issues with walking. It's related to, like, diseases like multiple sclero- sclerosis-

    8. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    9. WH

      ... in that it's, it's neurological and it, it affects that kind of thing. And, um, one month from the day that I, I woke up and couldn't feel my legs, I, I woke up on a Saturday morning, got out of bed, walked over to my wheelchair, and sat down.

    10. JR

      One month?

    11. WH

      One month, yeah. F- January 8th to February 8th, exactly.

    12. JR

      Very fortunate.

    13. WH

      Uh, you're telling me.

    14. JR

      Yeah.

    15. WH

      Yeah.

    16. JR

      What treatment did they give you?

    17. WH

      So they're, um ... Initially, they gave me, uh, steroids to reduce the, the swelling, but, uh, so I spent 11 days in the hospital, um, being overseen by, uh, pediatric, pediatric neurologists, uh, and specialists in, in this, because it's a very rare condition. And so they were studying me, and, um, they gave me steroids and they, they did some other tests, but really there was no true kind of treatment in that, in that... Uh, so I was doing, um, physiotherapy. I'd be pulled out of gym class in school, but it was a little bit of a joke. Like, "Can, can you move your legs?" You know, "Can you-"

    18. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    19. WH

      ... "can you..." It was-

    20. JR

      Could you move anything?

    21. WH

      No, nothing.

    22. JR

      Could you feel anything?

    23. WH

      No. No, in fact, um, when I was in the hospital, I'd, I'd wake up and there'd be, uh, pinpricks in my legs 'cause they'd be testing where, uh, like where the reactions were and they'd have used a syringe, and so I'd wake up and there'd be these tiny little pinpricks in my legs because they'd been testing while I was asleep to see what the kind of, um, you know, whether it was registering-

    24. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    25. WH

      ... neurologically with anything. But I couldn't feel anything. I was fully a paraplegic.

    26. JR

      Whoa.

    27. WH

      Yeah. But, but going back to that, like, so I've, I experienced this, what I consider to be a true supernatural experience in that I walked into the hospital, to the doctors that had overseen me, and they were the first ones that used the word miracle. They said, "We really don't have any type of medical explanation." And mainly-

    28. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    29. WH

      ... because there was no, um, atrophy. Because of the, the cutoff of the communication, my muscles in those 30 days were fine, um, in this short amount of time, but, uh, they said there should be something and we're, we're picking up nothing.

    30. JR

      That's crazy because, uh, I've broken limbs before and had them in casts, and just in the six weeks that you have a cast on-

  8. 19:1330:03

    From faith questions to scholarship: university challenges and the need to test claims

    1. WH

      And, um, that was about a period of about a year and a half, and at the end of that, um, I- I did truly feel that, okay, well, I think in the ways that I, in my limited ability as a teenager, to investigate these things, I think that Christianity is true. But it wasn't until I went to university, where I was engaging with people of other faith perspectives, um, in Toronto at- at York University, where I was talking to Muslims and Mormons, Jehovah's Witnesses and atheists, you know, run the gamut.

    2. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    3. WH

      And I was having these conversations and I was expressing kind of my perspective on what I believed, and they would say things like, "Well, that sounds great Wes, but, you know, that's all the Bible. You can't trust that." And so that's where I started to take the-

    4. JR

      Did Mormon say that to you?

    5. WH

      Well, yes.

    6. JR

      Because that's kind of crazy. (laughs)

    7. WH

      Yeah. Yeah. Well, in the sense that, so, um-

    8. JR

      The Mormon was the craziest one-

    9. WH

      Yeah, I-

    10. JR

      ... 'cause we know who wrote it. You know?

    11. WH

      Yeah.

    12. JR

      And- and he's a shady dude.

    13. WH

      He is a shady dude. Um-

    14. JR

      I mean-

    15. WH

      Well, no, they did in the sense that, um, the Book of Mormon, uh, trumps the- the Bible. So they would believe, I think it's the 10th article of the Mormon church is that they believe the Bible insofar as it is translated. And so they- they have this perspective that there's been things that have been affected. I mean, uh, Joseph Smith made his own translation of the Bible.

    16. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    17. WH

      And it's rough.

    18. JR

      And when he was 14. Yeah.

    19. WH

      Well, I think it was later on that he- he made the Joseph Smith Translation.

    20. JR

      Oh, really?

    21. WH

      But I- I don't even know if the official, like LDS church ascribes to the Joseph Smith translation because I think they even see like, "Ugh," they're like, "This is ... We know what the Greek and the Hebrew looks like and this is w- not even-"

    22. JR

      Yeah.

    23. WH

      Yeah.

    24. JR

      Well, he was a, you know, legitimate con man.

    25. WH

      Mm-hmm.

    26. JR

      You know, which is fascinating that it's- people have such a- a deep search for meaning and truth that if you, uh, are confident-

    27. WH

      Mm-hmm.

    28. JR

      ... and if you- which is what a con man is, you know, confidence man. If you are really good at expressing yourself-

    29. WH

      Mm.

    30. JR

      ... and really, like you show confidence in your convictions, you can-

  9. 30:0331:20

    Sponsor break: DraftKings Sportsbook

    1. JR

      Playoffs. We're talking about playoffs? You bet we are. Get in on the action with DraftKings Sportsbook, an official sports betting partner of the NFL. Scoring touchdowns is key to winning the playoffs, and you can score big by betting on them at DraftKings, the number one place to bet touchdowns. Ready to place your bet? Try betting on something simple, like a player to score six. Go to DraftKings Sportsbook app and make your pick. New DraftKings customers can bet five bucks to get $200 in bonus bets instantly. Download the DraftKings Sportsbook app and use the code ROGAN, that's code ROGAN for new customers to get $200 in bonus bets instantly when you bet just five bucks. Only on DraftKings Sportsbook, the crown is yours.

    2. NA

      Gambling problem? Call 1-800-GAMBLER. In New York, call 877-8HOPENY or text HOPENY 467369. In Connecticut, help is available for problem gambling. Call 888-789-7777 or visit ccpg.org. Please play responsibly. On behalf of Boothill Casino and Resort in Kansas. 21 and over. Age and eligibility varies by jurisdiction. Void in Ontario. Bonus bets expire 168 hours after issuance. For additional terms and responsible gaming resources, see dkng.co/audio.

  10. 31:2034:42

    Dead Sea Scrolls and the shock of textual stability: the Great Isaiah Scroll

    1. JR

      What is the oldest version-

    2. WH

      (clears throat)

    3. JR

      ... of the Bible, or the stories in the Bible? Is it the Dead Sea Scrolls, or are there older versions?

    4. WH

      The Dead Sea Scrolls are the oldest of the Old Testament, so when they were discovered, I mean, um, so they were discovered in 1946 to 1957 and at that point during their discovery, they pushed back a lot of our previous, uh, oldest manuscripts 1,000 years.

    5. JR

      Mm.

    6. WH

      Which was a big deal. Um-

    7. JR

      How old are they?

    8. WH

      They're anywhere between the third century BC and the first century BC. So, it's kinda tricky because the Dead Sea Scrolls are ... They're like a library that we refer to. So it's, um, approximately 970 documents, but it's distributed out between, um, 10,000 and 11 thou- thousand fragments. So, there's a lot going on there.

    9. JR

      Yeah.

    10. WH

      Right? So, and some of these, I mean, are, are so fragmentary that you look at them and it's like confetti.

    11. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    12. WH

      'Cause they're, I mean, 3,000 years old. Well, not quite that. They're like two- 2,000-plus years old.

    13. JR

      Animal skins too, right?

    14. WH

      Well, all sorts of things. Animal skins, uh, papyri, and then some of them are actually done on copper.

    15. JR

      Really?

    16. WH

      They're, like, inscribed in copper.

    17. JR

      Oh, wow.

    18. WH

      Yeah, one of the coolest ones ... Actually this relates, 'cause I know you're a Marco Allegro guy.

    19. JR

      Yeah.

    20. WH

      The first time I was introduced to Marco Allegro was not his sacred mushroom and the cross stuff, but he published a book on what's called the Copper Scroll, 'cause part of the Dead Sea Scroll fragments are, is this inscribed document on copper, which is an ancient treasure map.

    21. JR

      Can you see it?

    22. WH

      Yeah.

    23. JR

      Is it online?

    24. WH

      Yeah. Jamie, pull up the ...

    25. JR

      Jamie.

    26. WH

      Hey.

    27. JR

      There it is. Wow.

    28. WH

      Yeah. So it's in Hebrew, and it is wild. So it ha- it has these sites where it says buried treasure is found.

    29. JR

      Whoa.

    30. WH

      And there, there have been a number of guys who have tried to, like, look for it, and, um, so-

  11. 34:4239:05

    How scholars rebuild lost manuscripts: paratext, margins, and reconstruction techniques

    1. WH

      Because no one's willing to, like, piece these ... And this is true for a lot of stuff. So, um, like, uh, the largest grouping of, of papyri literature in the world is the Oxyrhynchus collection, which we get a, a good portion of our oldest manuscripts of the New Testament from. But if you go to Oxford and you look at the Oxy- or the, uh, Oxyrhynchus collection and you pull out that drawer, it just, it's, it's like a jigsaw puzzle.

    2. JR

      Mm.

    3. WH

      And you're like ...

    4. JR

      Right.

    5. WH

      Like most of it is, is untranslated, untranscribed, because the amount of man hours that it would just take to even put it together, nevermind then go to the effort of transcribing and translating it, n- most people are not willing to do that.

    6. JR

      And if you're missing chunks, how do you even make that puzzle connect?

    7. WH

      Y- well, that's part of ... So part of my area, area of, uh, specialty and research is in regards to that.

    8. JR

      Mm.

    9. WH

      Is, so I study paratextual features.

    10. JR

      Mm.

    11. WH

      We're, we're really gonna get nerdy today.

    12. JR

      Let's get nerdy.

    13. WH

      Um, where, so you look at the features of the manuscripts, not necessarily the words but things like the spaces between the words, the development of punctuation, uh, indentation or outdentation, and I look at the margins and I try to, based on w- the average size of manuscripts in and around that time, and also the average spacing of words and, um, the margins on top, bottom and the side, recreate what the manuscript could've possibly looked like.

    14. JR

      Whoa.

    15. WH

      Yeah.

    16. JR

      So when you say the Book of Isaiah is intact, uh, how similar is it to the Book of Isaiah that's in the Bible?

    17. WH

      So, that one is fascinating. So this isn't true for all of the Dead Sea Scrolls, but when we discovered the Great Isaiah Scroll, previous to that, the earliest copy of Isaiah that we had was, uh, in the Masoretic Text, which is in the Middle Ages.

    18. JR

      Whoa.

    19. WH

      Yeah. So it was literally 1,000 years. We literally push back our understanding of Isaiah 1,000 years, and the thing that really shocked scholars ... Like I said, this isn't true for all of the Dead Sea Scrolls, but one of the things that shocked them about Isaiah was that it was word-for-word identical to the Masoretic Text.

    20. JR

      Word-for-word?

    21. WH

      Word-for-word.

    22. JR

      Wow.... wow.

    23. WH

      Yeah.

    24. JR

      Is that it right there?

    25. WH

      So this is the great Isaiah scroll. So, if you go to Israel and you go-

    26. JR

      Wait, is that papyrus?

    27. WH

      Um, yes. No, I think that one is vellum.

    28. JR

      What is vellum?

    29. WH

      So, uh, so I should be more specific. So parchment is animal skin. Vellum can be used, uh, synonymously with the term parchment. Technically, parchment is, is, like, baby animal skin, like calves or lambs. Um, but this is the, the great Isaiah scroll, and you can see, like, th- they stitched together-

    30. JR

      Mm.

  12. 39:0542:09

    Ancient languages: Sumerian as a language isolate, and why bold claims are a red flag

    1. JR

      Do you know who Rick Strassman is?

    2. WH

      No.

    3. JR

      Uh, he's, um, he's a scholar, and he d- did a lot of, uh, work, early work, FDA approved work on psychedelics.

    4. WH

      Hm.

    5. JR

      And he spent 16 years teaching himself to read ancient Hebrew.

    6. WH

      Nice.

    7. JR

      Yeah, so, because he wanted to really understand the Bible f- from the original source of ancient Hebrew, and to understand it in context it was 'cause-

    8. WH

      Hm.

    9. JR

      ... ancient Hebrew, the way the words are structured is so different than English and that-

    10. WH

      Yeah.

    11. JR

      ... that something must be lost in translation, so he spent 16 years-

    12. WH

      Yeah.

    13. JR

      ... teaching himself-

    14. WH

      Wow.

    15. JR

      ... how to read ancient Hebrew. I was like-

    16. WH

      Yeah.

    17. JR

      ... that is so cr- that is such dedication. 16 years.

    18. WH

      That's a long time. That seems too long.

    19. JR

      Well, you're self-taught. I mean-

    20. WH

      Yeah.

    21. JR

      ... he's doing it himself.

    22. WH

      Yeah. Self-teaching. Yeah. I, I, I self-taught myself Greek at first, and then when I started learning it formally, I realized how much you miss when you self-teach yourself. (laughs)

    23. JR

      Oh, I'm sure. Well, how many people can teach you ancient Hebrew? How many courses are available?

    24. WH

      Oh, you can take it at any graduate college.

    25. JR

      Yeah?

    26. WH

      Yeah, yeah.

    27. JR

      And is it, um, it's not something that we know what, what it sounded like, correct?

    28. WH

      Yeah, I mean, this is the big debate with ancient languages.

    29. JR

      Right.

    30. WH

      Like, same thing with ... Yeah, arguably, we don't know how any of this was pronounced.

  13. 42:0951:09

    Cracking forgotten scripts: Linear Elamite, and Huff’s infographics as teaching tools

    1. WH

      ... where things happen, but there are a number of ancient languages that are language, language isolates. Like, um, Linear Elamite. We had no idea what Linear Elamite even said until 2021.

    2. JR

      Oh, wow, I never even heard it until five seconds ago.

    3. WH

      I know. There you go.

    4. JR

      (laughs)

    5. WH

      Jamie, if you pull up, um, if you look up, uh, oh, what's it called? There's a cup, a silver cup. It'll come up if you, if you Google image Linear Elamite 'cause you think cuneiform looks wild. Linear Elamite is completely different than that too, and, um, there's a silver cup which we had no idea what it said, and then a bunch of researchers, ancient, uh, near Eastern researchers, uh, developed ... Well, so let's, uh, in, in the corner there. Uh, that one on-

    6. JR

      Far left corner?

    7. WH

      Oh, no, no. Here. Now it's moved 'cause you clicked it. That one. Yeah, yeah. Click that. So that's Linear Elamite.

    8. JR

      Whoa.

    9. WH

      And so, that's in and around the same time that languages like Sumerian. So, there's this very interesting kind of, if we're talking about the, uh, story in the Bible like the, the Tower of Babel, where it says that God confused their languages-

    10. JR

      Yeah.

    11. WH

      ... and everybody started speaking different languages. You have these languages that just pop up and, out of nowhere, and have no relation to one another. So, Akkadian starts to adopt certain words in Sumerian, but they're still Sumerian wor- It's like pizza is Italian, right?

    12. JR

      Right.

    13. WH

      Or like kayak-

    14. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    15. WH

      ... is, uh, Inuit.

    16. JR

      Mm.

    17. WH

      Um, but when you're looking at the words that carry over, it's not because they're, there's a relationship between Akkadian and Sumerian. It's because you have these cultures that live side by side and eventually-

    18. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    19. WH

      ... Akkadian starts to adopt-

    20. JR

      Right.

    21. WH

      ... these things. But Sumerian is... So that's why when I see people like Billy Carson talk about being able to read Sumerian, I'm like, "Dude, I read ancient languages and I can't. I've tried and I can't make heads or tails of Sumerian."

    22. JR

      Yeah.

    23. WH

      So-

    24. JR

      That's a tell.

    25. WH

      ... unfortunately-

    26. JR

      Unfortunately.

    27. WH

      ... it kind of gives it away.

    28. JR

      Listen, I like Billy. He was a nice guy.

    29. WH

      He's a-

    30. JR

      I really enjoyed talking to him. I, I really do. I think his videos are fun. But I also think truth is important.

  14. 51:091:17:27

    Bible translation battles and the Reformation: Erasmus, Luther, and power over texts

    1. JR

      Which that was what Lutheranism was all about, right? Like, Martin Luther wanted to have phonetic translations of the Bible, and there was a lot of resistance to that 'cause the people that knew how to read Latin were like, "Hey, hey. Slow down."

    2. WH

      Yeah. Partly, I mean, there were proto-reformers before Luther.

    3. JR

      Were there really?

    4. WH

      Guys like, like, uh, Wycliffe. So John Wycliffe and, um, uh, William Tyndale, both translated the Bible, or parts of the Bible into English, and they predated. I mean, and they weren't very popular for it either. I mean, uh, Wycliffe was declared a heretic, and then his body was exhumed and burned because-

    5. JR

      Oof.

    6. WH

      ... be- the, of, of the work that he did. But, yeah.

    7. JR

      Burned him after he was already dead.

    8. WH

      Yeah, well, Tyndale's, um, Tyndale's line was that he wanted, I believe it was Tyndale, it was either Wycliffe or Tyndale, my friends who are specialists in th- specialists in this are gonna get mad at me for this. But, um, one of those two guys said that they wanted the plow boy to be able to read the Bible and know it as well as the priests.

    9. JR

      Mm.

    10. WH

      And so that's, that was their motivation, is that their, like, you know, public education for literacy in these areas was largely because they just wanted people to read the Bible.

    11. JR

      Hm.

    12. WH

      But that was a big motivation behind Luther, was he's like, "I'm gonna translate this thing into German." Because part of his kind of kicking off of the, what we call the Protestant Reformation, was that he read the Bible in Greek, 'cause there was a guy named Desiderius Erasmus who, uh, was a, uh, they called them humanists, but they- it means something different than now. Humanists were, like, scholars who were trying to figure out the entirety of human knowledge up until that point.

    13. JR

      Whoa.

    14. WH

      Like Renaissance men kinda, right?

    15. JR

      Right, right.

    16. WH

      So Desiderius Erasmus is, like, one of the last true Renaissance men. But he was compiling, and he, he produced the first printed edition of the Greek New Testament. And so he comes out with this printed edition of the Greek New Testament, and Luther gets its hand, his hands on it. And so he's reading that, and he notices that in Matthew's Gospel, the word that's in the Latin is penitentiam agite, do penance, in Greek is metanoiate, which is repentance. And the church was using this as like, you need to do penance.

    17. JR

      Hm.

    18. WH

      You need to, you know, do all of this stuff to show that you're sorry, and part of that was, you know, paying the church. And Luther reads this and he goes, "Hey, guys. This means something different. This means repentance, it means changing your mind. It doesn't mean, like, to actually do things." And so, part of his motivation is, like, the Latin isn't reflecting, at least at the point that Latin had developed in, in that day, like, maybe when Jerome translates the Latin Vulgate back in the, the fourth century. And it's called the Vulgate because vulgata means, like, regular.

    19. JR

      Yeah.

    20. WH

      Like, you think of vulgar, right? It's just the regular people language. Part of the reason was that in the fourth century, very few people were read- reading Greek. They were reading Latin.

    21. JR

      Hm.

    22. WH

      And so they're like, "Hey, Jerome, you need to produce a Bible in Latin 'cause nobody can read the Bible anymore." And so he produces the Latin Vulgate, and ironically, by the time you get to Luther, a thousand years later, no one can read Latin.

    23. JR

      (laughs)

    24. WH

      And they're all using the Vulgate.

    25. JR

      Wow.

    26. WH

      Yeah.

    27. JR

      That is fascinating. Wow.

    28. WH

      And even Erasmus was, um, so he dedicates his first few editions to the Pope because he knows that the Pope is gonna get wind that he's producing Greek New Testament, New Testaments, and the church is using the Latin, and, um, he- he's risking his, risking his life. So if he dedicates it to the Pope, maybe the Pope will take it easy on him.

    29. JR

      Hm, did it work?

    30. WH

      Yeah, yeah, it did.

  15. 1:17:271:39:37

    Archaeology, Egypt, and restoration controversies: Gobekli Tepe to the Sphinx

    1. WH

      I'm really hoping to go to Gobli- Gobekli Tepe this upcoming year.

    2. JR

      What do you... What's your take on this whole reluctance to further excavate and how they have such a small amount of, uh, the site? It's only 5% that's been uncovered, but through LiDAR, they're aware there's a, a bunch more.

    3. WH

      Yeah. I mean, I'm not an archeologist. I have friends who are archeologists, and I think it's... Archeology is tricky, because so much of archeology is dependent on governments and institutions and funding-

    4. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    5. WH

      ... that getting mad at archeologists for not excavating is kind of like getting mad at construction workers for not fixing your potholes.

    6. JR

      Right.

    7. WH

      Where it's like, yeah.

    8. JR

      Right.

    9. WH

      Like, they, they're kind of doing the last stage. So yeah, I mean, I think there's certainly incentive by the Turkish government to want to capitalize on that being a tourist destination.

    10. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    11. WH

      And, um, you really need to safeguard archeological excavations, because otherwise, it's, it's being compromised-

    12. JR

      Right.

    13. WH

      ... and, um, like, pillaging-

    14. JR

      Mm-hmm. Sure.

    15. WH

      ... and, and stuff like that. It happens. I mean, when I was-

    16. JR

      Of course.

    17. WH

      ... in Egypt two summers ago, and you go to the Valley of the Kings, they've got security cameras up everywhere, because there are tombs there that we still haven't discovered. And so-

    18. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    19. WH

      ... they're like, "We don't want people digging around in here looking for-"

    20. JR

      Of course. Well, they've lost so much over their history.

    21. WH

      Oh, we've only discovered 1% of ancient Egypt.

    22. JR

      That's so nuts.

    23. WH

      One percent. Isn't that crazy?

    24. JR

      That is the nuttiest part of all of history, is Egypt, to me. I, I still have not been. I-

    25. WH

      You gotta go.

    26. JR

      I know. I almost went-

    27. WH

      You gotta go.

    28. JR

      I almost went in December. I just couldn't find the time. I'm just too damn busy. I will, though. I will. I definitely will. But it is the, to me, the nuttiest time in history, because, uh, good luck explaining the Great Pyramid.

    29. WH

      S-

    30. JR

      Good luck.

Episode duration: 3:15:45

Install uListen for AI-powered chat & search across the full episode — Get Full Transcript

Transcript of episode HwyAX69xG1Q

Get more out of YouTube videos.

High quality summaries for YouTube videos. Accurate transcripts to search & find moments. Powered by ChatGPT & Claude AI.