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Guillermo Rauch: Why coding becomes translation work for AI

Through v0's intent-first prompts, designers and PMs prototype shippable apps in hours; Vercel frees engineers from specialist translation tasks.

Guillermo RauchguestLenny Rachitskyhost
Apr 13, 20251h 27mWatch on YouTube ↗

EVERY SPOKEN WORD

  1. 0:00 – 4:43

    Introduction to Guillermo Rauch

    1. GR

      (calm music) One of our users yesterday submitted feedback. They were saying, "V0 is like a super genius, five-year-old PhD with ADHD." I'm not gonna oversell this as like, it knows everything about everything, but it has this sparks of brilliance.

    2. LR

      How do you think things are gonna change for product managers, for product teams?

    3. GR

      People could be more full stack. Imagine a designer that can ship a fully baked product, a product manager that can prototype and ship to production. We shouldn't put limits on ourselves and what we can build, and what we can ship, and what we can dream about making possible in these web services.

    4. LR

      A lot of people are wondering, "What happens to engineers?" Should I learn how to code?

    5. GR

      A lot of the programming jobs to be done that used to be specializations, I think are going away, in a way. They're translation tasks, but knowing how things work under the hood is gonna be very important for you, because you're gonna be able to influence the model and make it follow your intention a lot better.

    6. LR

      We hear this word taste all the time. In terms of building taste, people are always like, "How the hell do I do that?"

    7. GR

      Taste, sometimes, I think we think of as, like, this inaccessible thing that, "Oh, that person was born with taste." I see it as a skill that you can develop. I think it's extremely important to try lots of products. We have one of our sort of internal operating principles as increasing exposure hours. Try to quantify how much time you expose yourself to watching how people use your products. And you'll develop that muscle.

    8. LR

      Wh- where do you think the biggest change is gonna happen?

    9. GR

      We need to stop talking about AI at some point. I just see a future where AI becomes synonymous with software. We build software and we use software to build software.

    10. LR

      Today, my guest is Guillermo Rauch. Guillermo is the founder and CEO of Vercel, which amongst other things, makes a product called V0, which has become one of the most popular AI website building tools in the world. He's also a legendary engineer and contributor to open source. He's created some of those popular JavaScript frameworks in the world, like Next.js and Socket.IO. He's both a builder and is building a product that's gonna change the way we all build products in the future. This episode is incredible. If you wanna really understand how product development is gonna change with the rise of AI and what skills you should be focusing on right now, I highly recommend you keep listening. If you enjoy this podcast, don't forget to subscribe and follow it in your favorite podcasting app or YouTube. Also, if you become a yearly subscriber of my newsletter, you get a year free of Linear, Notion, Superhuman, Perplexity Pro, and Granola. Check it out at lemmysnewsletter.com. With that, I bring you Guillermo Rauch. This episode is brought to you by WorkOS. If you're building a SaaS app, at some point, your customers will start asking for enterprise features, like SAML authentication and SCIM provisioning. That's where WorkOS comes in, making it fast and painless to add enterprise features to your app. Their APIs are easy to understand so that you can ship quickly and get back to building other features. Today, hundreds of companies are already powered by WorkOS, including ones you probably know, like Vercel, Webflow, and Loom. WorkOS also recently acquired Warrant, the fine-grained authorization service. Warrant's product is based on a groundbreaking authorization system called Zanzibar, which was originally designed for Google to power Google Docs and YouTube. This enables fast authorization checks at enormous scale while maintaining a flexible model that can be adapted to even the most complex use cases. If you're currently looking to build role-based access control or other enterprise features like single sign-on, SCIM, or user management, you should consider WorkOS. It's a drop-in replacement for Auth0 and supports up to one million monthly active users for free. Check it out at workos.com to learn more. That's workos.com. This episode is brought to you by Vanta. When it comes to ensuring your company has top-notch security practices, things get complicated fast. Now, you can assess risk, secure the trust of your customers, and automate compliance for SOC 2, ISO 27001, HIPAA, and more with a single platform, Vanta. Vanta's market-leading trust management platform helps you continuously monitor compliance alongside reporting and tracking risks. Plus, you can save hours by completing security questionnaires with Vanta AI. Join thousands of global companies that use Vanta to automate evidence collection, unify risk management, and streamline security reviews. Get $1,000 off Vanta when you go to vanta.com/lenny. That's V-A-N-T-A.com/lenny.

  2. 4:43 – 7:03

    v0's mission

    1. LR

      Guillermo, thank you so much for being here, and welcome to the podcast.

    2. GR

      Thanks for having me. Longtime listener, first time, I guess-

    3. LR

      (laughs)

    4. GR

      ... participating in the podcast and, uh, love being here.

    5. LR

      Oh, I appreciate that. Okay. So, I know you saw this. I did this survey recently where I asked my readers, "What tools do you use most in your day-to-day work as a product builder, as a product manager?" And in the category of engineering tools, uh, V0 came in right below Cursor and GitHub for people's most used AI building tools. So, clearly people love what you're doing.

    6. GR

      Yeah. We're very happy to see that. And for us, we're at the very beginning of the journey in some ways, because V0 is a relatively new tool. But Vercel, you know, our company has been around for a while, you know. The way that I explain to people is, anytime you're using the internet, if there is a website or web application that's really fast, innovative, hopefully it's running on our platform. Uh, we're out there. We're running a lot of websites at scale. If you watched the Super Bowl recently, three different companies were promoting digital products that were built and delivered on Vercel. So, not only can you deploy your ideas and build them on Vercel, they can scale to huge volumes of traffic and huge audiences. So, a lot of people know us because of a framework called Next.js.It's an open source framework, uh, based on the React technology open source by Meta, and it powers some of the most innovative products on the internet. So when you use Claude or Grok or Midjourney, you're using Next.js, you're using Vercel's technologies. So with v0 what we're trying to do is, and y- y- it's funny 'cause you p- you put us in the, rightfully I think, in the building or development category in that survey, but what we're trying to do with v0 is help more people participate in building software, increase the, sort of the total addressable market of people that are actually shipping things, shipping real products. And at the same time, just like you would with ChatGPT, we want v0 to be just extremely, extremely easy and the outputs that it generates make them as refined and realistic as possible. Like, the things that you create with v0, hopefully live up to that standard set by, you know, some of the best and largest websites on the internet.

  3. 7:03 – 15:54

    The impact and growth of v0

    1. GR

    2. LR

      Uh, I was gonna ask you how v0 came out of Vercel, and I, I, I, my theory was, it was like you guys are sitting around being like, "How do we get more people building websites?" And it's like-

    3. GR

      Okay.

    4. LR

      ... "Let's just help them do it really easily." Is that, it's like TAM expansion for Vercel. Is that...

    5. GR

      Yeah.

    6. LR

      ... kind of all right?

    7. GR

      In some ways, it's, it's what I've been doing for not only 10 years that I've been, uh, almost working on Vercel, but maybe my entire life because my strength as a developer is kinda meta. It's been to create developer tools. So I've created a bunch of open source frameworks that are really popular. So Next.js is one, but before that, in a previous life, I created another tool called Socket.IO, which is a real-time communication mechanism that powers... For example, every time you use Notion, I think you interviewed Ivan, uh, when Notion is to broadcast messages in real time to other collaborators, they use a real-time engine that I built for Socket.IO. So the reason that startups and companies have used my products in the past is because I took something that was very difficult to do, but very compelling, like it was with real time in the past, like it's building cutting edge applications on the web with Next.js, and I try to make it as easy as possible, but you still needed to know development skills, right? For us, and the opportunity was if there is maybe five million React developers, which is the, sort of the library engine that we use, and there is maybe 20 million JavaScript developers, how many product builders or people with aspirations of building products exist? My back of the napkin, like, minimum calculation is a hundred million. And I'll tell you, it's funny where I get that number from. Slack has about 100 million monthly active users and what you do on Slack is you go in it and you talk to people, and a lot of those people are building digital products, right? And they talk to one another about what they would want to see in the world. They talk to customers through s- shared channels. I love that feature. We talked to a lot of the Vercel customers and, like, they tell us, like, "I wanna build this, I wanna see that. I want this feature, I want that thing." And so the opportunity with v0 was, it's not that you're gonna stop talking to other people, but what if you could yap into the computer (laughs) and see something happen? Build a prototype, build your first version of a product, build a demo, build a full stack product, build it and ship it. And so the, the inspiration for it was very natural to the mission of Vercel, but concretely, the genesis story was when ChatGPT came out, we noticed that it was very good at writing the code that our tools used. So ChatGPT, right off, right out of the bat, was good at JavaScript, was good at Tailwind, which is a CSS styling technology, was good at Next.js. And again, the power of open source. Our tools are already in the training data of the internet and so that long term bet and vision in open source really paid off. And so because the models were so good at writing this kind of code, the idea for v0 came naturally from, what if we could build a ChatGPT for building web products?

    8. LR

      Mm-hmm. Speaking of that, I, I, I didn't actually know. So I had Bolt's CEO on the podcast and he talked about how Claude kind of unlocked what they are doing and you guys, do you guys sit on ChatGPT and OpenAI stuff?

    9. GR

      We started out on OpenAI and we've always used a combination of models. It's funny, right now on Twitter there's a million, there's three with a million views of people trying to reverse engineer the prompt and the models that we use-

    10. LR

      I saw that on Reddit, yeah, yeah.

    11. GR

      ... and they're all finding that there's all these kind of different models that are specialists in different tasks and there's a pipeline of models where a model could hand off work to another model. And so OpenAI, Gemini, Claude, but we predate Anthropic because I'll give credit to ChatGPT that, you know, the, the utility of it was so general purpose, but from the very first release, it was very good. In fact, by the way, if I'm not mistaken, we, uh, the first prototype of v0 might have even predated ChatGPT, or at the very least, I think we were running on GPT-3.5. So we've always had this vision of unlocking more power for the web through, through LLMs and, and there's a lot of very interesting technical details of why, by the way, LMS happen to be so good at the task of web design and, and web development, uh, that we could get into, but, um, it was like the perfect time- timing for us.

    12. LR

      That's, uh... I wanna come back to that. That's a truly really good question. But let me ask you a couple other questions here. In terms of v0, what's the scale at this point? We hear all these numbers about all the folks in the space. What can you share about what's happening with v0?

    13. GR

      Uh, I can share that it's growing exponentially and that over 1.3 million users have interacted with v0 so far. We had our largest day ever yesterday (laughs) and today again. We're the largest... We're one of the largest customers of most of cloud providers at this point. Uh, we're hitting the limits of every GBU LLM infrastructure out there in the planet.And what it... The m- the most exciting thing for me is what I'm seeing people build with v0. So we launched a feature about a month ago, maybe even less than a month ago, called v0 Community. It already has 20,000 submissions. If... I- I'm sure people in your audience have used Figma. One of the things that I love about Figma is Figma files, that I can go and grab a starting point for a, for something. Could be a logo, could be a menu, and you can start it with something that someone has already contributed, kind of like that spirit of open source. And so in less than a month, I think we've done over 20,000 community submissions. Uh, so we've learned so much about building AI products with this, and we continue to sort of open source and share our best practices, but one of the things that I've definitely learned is prompting it seems like the easiest interface in the world, because it's just an input, right? And you put text in it. But there's a little bit of a writer's block sometimes. (laughs) So one of my favorite things that I've seen and I'm even looking at the homepage right now, and you can see like a random assortment of community submissions and, uh, they have 1,200 forks and 1,500 forks and 6,000 forks. And this is every time people saying like, "Oh, instead of starting from scratch, I'll start from this application that someone else has built, and I'm gonna prompt it to modify it and make it my own."

    14. LR

      So these, the community submissions are people building apps on v0 and sharing what they build-

    15. GR

      Correct.

    16. LR

      ... and you can look at the code and fork it.

    17. GR

      And it's becoming-

    18. LR

      Super cool.

    19. GR

      ... like a compounding investment, right? Like, people share something, someone else grabs it, makes it better, maybe you use it at that point. In many ways, I see this as the next evolution of GitHub, whereas GitHub was so... it was a marvel for, for software development because it, it... I, I don't know if you remember this, but, like, the initial li- little tagline underneath the GitHub logo was Social Coding, and it had this democratization effect of building software, but you still needed to know how to code. And so what we're after is social product building in many ways, right? Like, everybody should be able to cook and share what they're, what they're building.

    20. LR

      Yeah. I love how... I, I hadn't thought of it this way, but I love that it connects so much to your open source roots, where people are building on v0 and then sharing what they're building and then people can build off those things. It's kind of like an open source AI building experience.

    21. GR

      It's fascinating, right? Like, in many ways, if you think about the Git commit, the Git commit is super interesting. If you, if you, if you watch how an engineer works, they look at a problem, they spend a lot of time in their code editor, and at the end, they say, "I think I, I got it. I think I, I, I think I've fixed it," and then they produce a Git commit. They summarize their intent and what they try to do after they've done the work. V0 inverts that. The Git commit is you go into the chat and say, "Please change the color of this button, and when I click it, save this form to a database." And so you're starting with the intent, and the output is the code, and as a side effect, we can also produce a Git commit for you. That feature is not online yet, but it's coming in the next couple days. Spoiler alert for the group. And so I like this idea of we can create this superset of all software building with this platform, and that is true to my initial intention with Vercel. Our mission is to enable the world to build and ship the best products. And so enabling that for the largest possible group of people is very exciting to me.

  4. 15:54 – 19:05

    The future of product development with AI

    1. GR

    2. LR

      So let's go to this question of just, uh, kind of the elephant in the room for a lot of people. Seeing these things happening, product builders that have, you know, that have been doing things a certain way for a long time, with apps like this coming around, where you could just type a thing in and it builds it for you and it's beautiful, how do you think things are gonna change for product managers, for product teams? Where do you think... or where do you think the biggest change is gonna happen? How do you think product will be built in the next few years?

    3. GR

      The most profound one that I kind of alluded to is that conversations between product builders and their customers will be mediated by these v0 links, these artifacts. I think when Claude came up with the name Artifacts, I, I found it phenomenal, because we're all in this world, especially (laughs) in this group of people, we're here to build awesome things and share them with the world. Steve Jobs had this awesome speech about it's, it's like our form of giving back to the world is to try and do the best possible job we can and share it with the world. And so the idea that when we talk, we would not have the power to make those ideas a reality seems... it seems like an L to me. I would love to see people constantly live in the product, be in the design, spend time tuning and trying out new ideas, and that's what the ideal work of the future should look like, and less about kind of, again, that abstraction, that being removed from the product, or even the... sometimes I can feel powerless to not be able to change something. This happens a lot when departments collaborate within an organization. Marketing wants design to do something. Marketing wants engineering to do something. Engineering needs design. It go- it cuts all ways, right? Like, one of the things that people had- got excited about that we published on the Vercel blog was about design engineering, because, uh, a lot of the people that we were noticing were ve- being very successful at Vercel were people that had both the design and engineering skills.And that is- was actually another huge motivator and inspiration for v0 because we realized that people could be more full stack. We shouldn't put limits on ourselves and what we can build and what we can ship and, and what we can, we can dream about making possible on this- on these web services. And so, you could imagine removing all those limitations. Uh, a designer that can ship a fully baked product, a product manager that can prototype and shift a production. An engineer, a lot of people that use v0 are backend engineers that never had the ability to, you know, sort of like, they- they could ship an API, they could build a great l- low level infrastructure system, but to actually bring their end-to-end vision to life, v0 is sort of completing

  5. 19:05 – 24:01

    Empowering engineers and product builders

    1. GR

      that for them.

    2. LR

      So let me follow the thread on engineers. A lot of people are wondering, do we need engineers in the future? What happens to engineers? Should I learn how to code? Uh, you're a longtime engineer. Thoughts for folks that are trying to decide the career for themselves?

    3. GR

      Yeah, I think knowing how things work is the most important skill in the world. I foresee a lot of people becoming incredibly impactful in building and shipping amazing products and building gigantic companies and- and everything you could imagine where a single person can do the job of 100 different people in 100 different specializations. Take the example of one skillset that's really important to build a- a front end product is you need to know how to use CSS or Tailwind to style it. And once upon a time, I would hire people that were truly specialists in this task. The sta- the task of there's a Figma design or there is some kind of sketch and translating that into reality because they knew really well how to manipulate layouts, layout code, box model code we call it, and borders, paddings, margins, flex box, all these technologies for styling. And notice I actually use the word translation very intentionally because the origin of the LLM goes as, or the transform architecture at least, goes as far back as the architecture for systems like G- Google Translate. They were generative LLM techniques basically. That's how they cross that chasm of, like, remember when translating tools were horrible and then one day the problem was just solved, right? And, uh, I look at, I look at, um, a lot of the programming jobs to be done that used to be specializations that I think are going away in a way or the tasks to be done, they're translation tasks. We were translating from a screenshot or intent or a design into a React and Tailwind and CSS implementation. And right now, v0 is incredibly good at doing that. It's so good that every time we put a new generation of the model out, I run this test of, like, converting my own website and try to generate it with v0. Last time I did it, it had taken me like 10 prompts to replicate it. Keep in mind, I'm an expert front end engineer that's been, you know, in the arena since I'm like 10 years old and I'm 35 now. And so I do that test because it's almost like a test of, like, self-imposed humility of like I remember exactly how long it took me to build my website with Next.js, the framework that I created, and ship it. And so with the last model, it took me maybe 10, 15 prompts. With the most recent model, it took me two prompts. And so that translation from the design intent into working implementation, another anecdote that I like to share with people is the model because v0 tries to embed all of the best practices of, of the web, the model output more accessible code than when I wrote. It follows the accessibility guidelines that the web standards consortiums put out better than I did because it just knows everything. And so that- those tasks where you can almost model it to a translation task definitely going away, but knowing how things work under the hood. Notice all the, I'm using specific tokens in this conversation. I'm saying CSS, I'm saying layout, I'm s- I'm naming styles. Knowing those tokens is gonna be very important for you because you're gonna be able to influence the model and make it follow your intention a lot better. And so the TLDR would be knowing how things work, the symbolic systems, and that will mean that you have to probably go into each subject with less depth. I have engineers at Vercel that know every single CSS property by heart. They know when they became available in a certain web browser. They've been tracking this specification. Like, it's almost like you're in this encyclopedia of knowledge of each CSS property. You probably won't need that in the future and probably that's good because you'll free up your mind for more ambitious things.

    4. LR

      That is

  6. 24:01 – 35:05

    Skills for the future: coding, math, and eloquence

    1. LR

      fascinating. So what I'm hearing is a skill that will continue to be valuable in the future, uh, no matter, but I wanna push on this a little bit. No matter how far AI gets is understanding the con- conceptually how software works-

    2. GR

      Yes, absolutely.

    3. LR

      ...back end systems, databases, CSSs, I think. Uh-So say, I don't know if you have kids, whether you have kids or not, just say they were, like, trying to decide, "What should I learn to be, you know, to thrive in this future?" Well, how would you summarize it? Like, how far should they get into softwar- engineering?

    4. GR

      Great question because I, I have five kids and I've already enrolled them in the school of G, myself-

    5. LR

      (laughs)

    6. GR

      ... eh, in the sense that I'm already guiding them towards the things I think are gonna be very useful to them. So understanding how things work needs, I think, the ability to understand the fundamental logic behind things, incredibly valuable. So I push them really hard on math. Uh, if you don't know math really well, you're out of my house. Just kidding. But, like-

    7. LR

      (laughs)

    8. GR

      ... uh, it's a (laughs) it's a, it's a fundamental, like, skill that I want them to know. Eloquence. So I joke sometimes ho- ha- have you heard a meme of word sells-

    9. LR

      Yeah, I mean, that sh-

    10. GR

      ... versus shape rotators?

    11. LR

      Yeah. (laughs)

    12. GR

      So a shape rotator is someone that only has a math brain, right? You could argue the, the kings and queens of Silicon Valley have been the shape rotators because those have been the jobs that, uh, have historically commanded the most status, respect, net worth, whatever. And then there's the word sells, which is communicating more of the liberal arts. There's also the funny and awesome slide of Apple saying that they are at the intersection of liberal arts and technology. I've always had immense amounts of respect for both sides of the brain, so to speak. But I think developing great eloquence and knowing and memorizing those tokens that I talked about, l- knowing how to refer to things in that global mental map of symbolic systems will be highly valuable. And we have some tools to help people prompt better, but prompt enhancement and embellishment cannot replace thinking and cannot replace your own creativity that you want to infuse into the world. So one of the things that v0 does is it tries and it, it succeeds, I think, at creating very nice designs out of the box. We try to infuse what we've learned about what do people think is typically good web design? We've influenced the model in that direction. But still, like, we also don't want the whole internet to look the same way. So your ability to steer the model with your words into those references, into those inspirations, is gonna be very important. I actually have, um, an amazing anecdote. We hosted a, a design demo night at the Vercel HQ in San Francisco last night, and we're showing off how Vercel uses v0 to build v0 and to build Vercel. And one of our designers showed this amazing animation that he built, actually two a- two amazing animations that he built. And in one of them, it was this amazing triangle that had i- an animation that I didn't think was possible to make, in that it was all built with v0. And he used the word turbulence to describe the effect that he wanted. So I just want to call out that to people because the difference between knowing that word and not knowing it is getting that style i- into that beautiful triangle that he created that was interactive, and it's probably gonna end up in some landing page soon that you're gonna visit on vercel.com. And so developing eloquence and your linguistic ability, I think, is gonna be very important. So I'd love my kids to know that. And I think that idea of sharing things and putting yourself out there and, and, and broadcasting to the world. So another thing that I do is I take my kids to hackathons. We just went to an awesome hackathon at, at University of San Francisco, USF. It was called the Bloom Hackathon, and I took two of my kids and I wanted to watch how people presented their ideas. And they had, we had a lot of fun. We also ate waffles and, uh, grilled sandwiches, which is a bonus. But, um, so pre- presenting and putting yourself out there. Uh, I, I mentioned in the beginning of the podcast when we were chatting, I've learned so much from you and your guests because you put out all these awesome little posts on X, and these videos, and these snippets of your interviews. And so the ability to present what you've built and put yourself out there, incredibly important skill in the future, especially in a world where the marginal cost of producing software and new things are going down. You need to build an audience in, you need to know how to talk to people, you need to build your own signature brand and style. And so maybe they're a little too young for that one, but I guess taking them into hackathons, uh, probably like, you know, back is influencing their neural networks or pre-training data for the future.

    13. LR

      I love it. They're gonna tell their friends, "Oh, my dad took me to a hackathon." (laughs)

    14. GR

      (laughs)

    15. LR

      What's that? Uh, so did, are you actually, are you encouraging them to learn to code? 'Cause it's interesting, you mentioned-

    16. GR

      Yes.

    17. LR

      ... math, eloquence, presenting, and then, okay, so also learning to code.

    18. GR

      Yeah, I think, again, learning how to prompt, learning how to code. Uh, with v0, we show you the code when we build things. So that m- if you can build that mapping of, like, maybe not learning how to code in the, uh, necessarily in, like, the, eh, as an abstraction. If you do have a knack for it, kind of like, you know, I'm a big believer also that my five kids have, like, super diverse personalities and inclinations, and I don't wanna be, you know, pushing for something that they wouldn't want to do or whatever. And so learning to code in the abstract might be good for some people, might be good, but it may not be the f- a fun thing to do for other people. And so what I would recommend is try to understand how things work. So if, if you prompt v0 or any other tool-... and it generates some code, try to build that understanding of what that does at a, at a high level. It's, like, actually maybe an extension even of eloquence. One of the bets that I made early on with Vercel that really paid off is we... Vercel, m- maybe it's a metaphor, it's like AWS in easy mode for a lot of people. We have a very large user base of people that would have otherwise not have been able to configure all of the in- ins and outs of the Cloud, but do want the scale, flexibility, speed, et cetera. They want to create very high quality products and services. So I like to give the Super Bowl example because one of our customers, Ramp, had a 43X increase in traffic when their, when their ad went live. The engineer that worked on that only needed to learn Next.js. Then they pushed their code to Vercel and now they can reach an audience of 100 million people without a blip, 100% uptime. That superpower comes from, we made it as easy as possible to get started and the language that we choose is actually very relevant in this story. JavaScript is almost, in my mind has always been almost like the English of programming languages. It's a language that if you learn it, you reach billions of devices. So it's not a coincidence that when you ask ChatGPT or Anthropic or Gemini to build you a web app, it uses these tools. It uses JavaScript. It uses React. It's, oh, it's become the lingua franca of building products on the web. So I would tell to my k- I would say to my kids, "Look, if you do want to go deeper into programming, start learning there. You can reach huge numbers of people." If you have a passion, I would say there's gonna be a fundamental engineering skill that's gonna be useful for decades or centuries to come, which is creating foundational infrastructure. Think about LLMs in the, in terms of they're like Oracles that can go and write software for you, but there's a limit to how much software they can write. There's context windows, there is time and computational constraints. So it's very hard for an agent today to go and say, "I'm gonna write a cloud from scratch." (laughs) "I'm gonna write all the foundational services. I'm gonna write the framework from scratch. I'm gonna write the compiler." No. The LLM is orchestrating those tools and infrastructure. It's not writing the compiler from scratch. Otherwise, you get into the Newton thing, in order to create an apple, you have to create the entire underlying universe. No, the LLMs are inter-operating with the universe as it exists. And so the engineers that learn foundational infrastructure are probably gonna be extremely empowered still for years to come.

    19. LR

      Like there's a world where you could argue, uh, ChatGPT will build the next version of ChatGPT. What I'm hearing from you is that's a long ways away, if ever.

    20. GR

      Absolutely. This is why, (laughs) you know, the j- the common, the running joke is that all of these companies have, you go to their careers page and it's like-

    21. LR

      (laughs) Engineers.

    22. GR

      ... engineer, engineer, engineer, right?

    23. LR

      Yeah. (laughs)

    24. GR

      The, the, the counterpoint of that is that at Vercel we had, we, we have 150 engineers that can write code and 600 p- total headcount. Now, we have 600 engineers. One of the best things that I, some of the best things that I've seen created with v0 have not come from our engineering team. (laughs) They've come from the marketing team, they've come from the sales team, they've come from the, uh, product management team. The product management team is, it's fascinating, right? Because now they're actually building the product. So last night, I saw how we've specced out in v0, think of it as like a live PRD, we've specced out how the new functionality for deploying of v0 to Vercel is going to work. The amount of detail that was contained in that v0, I mean, I was, we were all just saying like, "Well, just ship it. There's nothing else to discuss," right? Like, it was animated, it was interactive. We were demonstrating the error state, the success state, the slow stream state. So it really empowers product builders, not only with technical skills, I think that does a disservice to the tool. It empowers them to explore and augment their thinking with a lot of things that perhaps they wouldn't have considered otherwise, a lot of states of the product they wouldn't have considered otherwise.

  7. 35:05 – 36:40

    v0 in action: real-world applications

    1. GR

    2. LR

      The name v0 implies the product is for prototypes for the kinda like the first attempt at stuff. And that's definitely where all these tools are, are finding product market fit. Prototypes, PMs showing a thing, uh, working versus just design. Do you expect v0 and other tools to get to a place where you can build salesforce.com and scale it to billions of dollars like you-

    3. GR

      Absolutely.

    4. LR

      You do? Okay.

    5. GR

      We already, we already have a customer, an enterprise customer of v0, uh, that only works with v0. All their products, all their features, all of their client communications are v0 native. Two days ago, I just heard anecdotally on X, someone tells me, "My brother just sold his first website to a client completely built in v0." Yesterday at an investor conference, an investor walks up to me and says, "Two of my friends just got engaged on v0." I was like, "Okay, okay. V0 is a dating app now." So the, the engagement, the website, the proposal, the wedding, like, it's all v0 native. So because we've integrated v0, the Vercel infrastructure, we can do that whole story that I just told you of like, "I have a website to build and it can get it in front of 100 million people." We can enable that for everybody now. And so the end-to-end, full stack...... v0 native and built on this awesome fluid, serverless infrastructure that scales to billions of people, all just for, from prompts or screenshots or, uh, just copying and pasting your PRDs

  8. 36:40 – 45:46

    Tips for using v0 effectively

    1. GR

      into the tool.

    2. LR

      So let's, let's help people be successful with Vizier and then let's also do a demo. But before we get there, let me ask you this. So imagine you could magically sit next to someone who's about to use Vizier for the first time and whisper a tip in their ear to be successful with Vizier, what would your, what would a couple tips be?

    3. GR

      So number one is, you can be as ambitious as you want in terms of what you ask the tool. If you can steer the tool towards some kind of inspiration that you have, you're always gonna get better results. If you're, if you don't have ideas on what to build or, or what to prompt, I would recommend using the Vizier community so that you can find something to fork to get started. I would say, in some ways, if you have technical skills, this one is interesting, but have some suspension of disbelief. Like what I... like it humbled me, right? I was saying about like accessibility. So be open-minded about whether the tool actually knows some things that you might not know. And so focus more on the product description, right? Like focus more on like what do you want the end user to experience? What do you want the product to do and, and try to be open-minded about how well the tool can implement it. Um, those would be my main ones. You also have to have a sense of iteration, I guess. Um, think of, think of it this way, if you were working with a design firm or an agency that you've hired, you will go back and forth and say, "Try something else." If you were coaching an engineer that's getting stuck in something, you would say, "Try something else." It's amazing how many times I've gotten unstuck in Vizier by just saying like, "You just try something else."

    4. LR

      Just saying that as the prompt, not even giving-

    5. GR

      Just saying that, like I'm in a chat is like-

    6. LR

      ... direction. Wow.

    7. GR

      ... "Vizier, we need to have..." It's like a, is it, you know, like you have a one-on-one performance review with a tool. "Hey, we didn't talk. Try something else. What you're doing so far is not working." And it's, it's amazing. Like one fitness function that I'm keeping in my head is, I really want to find the thing that it cannot build with Vizier. So I, as part of the Vizier community, I have my own profile. We'll share the link with people. You can see six or seven things that I've built, eh, that I consider to be pretty impressive. So for example, I was flying from Tokyo to San Francisco. The internet was horrible. What I like to do during flights is I like to monitor our own flight (laughs) while I'm on the flight. So I open Flight Radar or whatever, and I was extremely bored as well. And I noticed that Flight Radar, I don't know which one it was, the Flight Radar, there's like four or five of them, they were very bloated. They had ads. They were not what I wanted the Flight Radar to look like. So I built my own during the flight with the worst internet connection that you could imagine in the world, integrated into a flight data API called Edge Aviation. So I, I, what, this is what I told Vizier, "You're gonna build, we're gonna build the best Flight Radar on the planet." I didn't, I wasn't, um, uh, prescriptive about how, so it used a, a tool called Mapbox and a JavaScript library called Leaflet. I didn't tell him that, or her. I don't know if you know what, what, what it is. And subsequently, once we cooked on the design, which looks, I would say beautiful, I then got more ambitious and I said, "All right, let's like, let's make it real now." And by the way, that's actually how I would work. So it is how I like to work. I like to work experience first. And that's also how Vercel was built. Let's start with the front end. Let's start with the planes on the screen. And by the way, there's a lot of subtleties here. For example, there's so many flights going on (laughs) at any given time that there's just too many. So I had to work with Vizier on improving performance, and once again, I wasn't prescriptive, I just said, "We have a lot of flights, chief, let's-" (laughs)

    8. LR

      Did you say chief?

    9. GR

      (laughs) I, I actually do say that a lot.

    10. LR

      (laughs)

    11. GR

      And, uh, this is, I think when I shared it on X, it blew a lot of engineers' minds because it created a canvas based... Canvas is the sort of underlying rendering surface that very sophisticated products use, like Figma. And it created this awesome overlay on top of the map that can render tens of thousands of flights at any given time. And then I told it, "Let's make it a full stack application." I, okay, plug it into the, the flight's API. So that's an example of like, we cooked and there was no limit. And so I'm always in the lookout, the service that I'm providing to the Vizier community is, I'm part of the team that is really trying to break this and say like, "Can it not build something?" Or, or, and even when it does build it, we're very obsessed with quality and performance. Like it has to be real. That's the, that's our commitment to, to our users.

    12. LR

      And how much did this cost? How much time did this take to make something like this?

    13. GR

      So the, the Flight Radar example or, or Vizier as well?

    14. LR

      Yeah, the Flight Radar example specifically, just like out of curiosity.

    15. GR

      I mean, that one probably took less than two hours with the worst internet.

    16. LR

      Less than two hours?

    17. GR

      Uh, sorry, Japan Airlines, I love you, but like-

    18. LR

      (laughs)

    19. GR

      ... you give me a hard time. (laughs)

    20. LR

      And, and what did that cost? Like, like 10 bucks? Like what would you estimate?

    21. GR

      Um, I mean, I pay for the $20 Vizier subscription, so-

    22. LR

      20 bucks, okay, for a month. So it's like a month, but you use-

    23. GR

      Yeah.

    24. LR

      ... it for two hours, 20 bucks.

    25. GR

      Yeah.

    26. LR

      Uh, if you had engineers building this, how much do you think that would cost? How long do you think that would take?

    27. GR

      ... I mean, weeks easily, easily.

    28. LR

      And that's like tens of thousands-

    29. GR

      E- maybe-

    30. LR

      ... of dollars.

  9. 45:46 – 49:44

    Core skills for building AI apps

    1. LR

      LinkedIn Ads. As we talk, it's interesting. The way I'm thinking about this now, there's almost like three core skills in building apps with AI. There's figuring out what to build, there's making it look good, like design, and then there's getting it unstuck.

    2. GR

      Yeah.

    3. LR

      And it's interesting how like these are gonna move-

    4. GR

      Like coaching.

    5. LR

      Coaching it, yeah, or just like here's a, oh, here's the, here's like the database error. I don't know. It's not figuring it out.

    6. GR

      Yeah.

    7. LR

      On the, I guess, does that resonate? I've never thought about this one before.

    8. GR

      Oh, absolutely. In fact, uh, I'll tell you a little bit of a story of, um, something that I... So even going way back in time, Next.js builds on React. React was this UI component library that Facebook created, actually with very similar goals. They had so many cracked engineers and they had to help them collaborate on an enormous product surface. So they invented, or at least pioneered I would say, the concept of this component as a unit of reusability, as a, as a building block, as a LEGO brick of how you build software. It's no coincidence that LLMs love to work with React components, by the way. And one of the things that always has stood out to me about that model is it's, it basically enables people to scale in how they worked together. And one of the key design principles that they embedded into this thing is they called it escape hatch. The API, when, when React doesn't perfectly model your problem with its component system, they give you escape hatch. They say, "Okay, engineer, you're on your own now. There's no guardrails." And in fact, one of these escape hatches is called dangerously set innerHTML. They want the developer to know uncharted territory, but they did give people the API. That is a profound systems design engineering principle, and throughout my life I've always thought about escape hatches. One amazing escape hatch that V0 has is that you're looking at the code that we're generating with Next.js, you can edit it, you can even have other experts look at it. One thing that, uh, one of our demos last night, it came from this awesome company, Luma Labs. They're creating one of the most amazing video models in the world, and they use V0 and Vercel extensively to build their application, their websites, et cetera. And the design engineer was talking about how he was on a V0 that had 120 or so iterations. So he was knee-deep into the latent space.

    9. LR

      (laughs)

    10. GR

      He was in the matrix.

    11. LR

      (laughs)

    12. GR

      And at one point he got stuck, but you know what he did?He copied and pasted the code that we generated and he gave it to ChatGPT-01. And ChatGPT-01 thought about the solution. I, honestly, I'd never even thought about this myself . I was so blown away. And it doesn't speak to... I love that your third point of you need to learn a skill how to get unstuck. It's like a profound, like, life lesson, like, it's just more a g- generic life advice. You need to get... Facebook actually had a principle, uh, don't get blocked. Like, seek to get unblocked, seek help from other people. What's fascinating is that you can h- seek help from other AIs to get unstuck and those escape hatches of, like, actually understanding and, and seeing the code underneath and even being able to say, "Okay, now let's use Git, let's turn this into a less... more of a hybrid project, not just prompts, but also traditional software engineering." The fact that that door is open to you is extremely valuable.

  10. 49:44 – 59:45

    Live demo

    1. GR

    2. LR

      Let's actually make this super concrete and show people what this actually looks like in v0. So pull up... I'll share a screen and then we'll do a little live demo. We'll keep it brief. I find people are like, "Okay, I get it," but we'll make it-

    3. GR

      (laughs)

    4. LR

      ... fun and brief at the same time. There it is, I see it.

    5. GR

      Beautiful. Okay, s-

    6. LR

      How, what can I help you ship?

    7. GR

      Yeah, of course, we're all about shipping. Uh, okay. So as I mentioned, you write in English, you yap into the tool. I'll say, um, for a demo, let's create a contact sales form in the style of... By the way, I had a typo, I don't care.

    8. NA

      (laughs)

    9. GR

      Yeah, let's get it. The style of Supreme, the clothing company, for an online store. Now, I mentioned that sometimes people get blocked on, like, there is, like, a writer paralysis. Uh, there's a step, so we added enhanced prompt. So now, like, you're tapping into the latent space of the model, which has a random component to it. And by the way, this is, is still not a substitute, it doesn't contradict what I said earlier of y- knowing the, the meaningful tokens, knowing what, what, like, the right style is and what it's called and whatever, this is still highly valuable. So the first thing that you're gonna notice is that as the model thinks, you can introspect its thinking. So we added this recently and it's been mostly inspired actually by the DeepSeek revolution, I would say.

    10. LR

      Mm-hmm.

    11. GR

      So the fact that when you tell it, "Develop a contact sales form," like, what is it gonna do? Like, we talked about escape hatches. Okay. It's gonna use ChatCN UI, it's gonna use Tailwind CSS, it's gonna use React. And this is your opportunity that if v0 is not doing exactly what you wanted, this is your opportunity to actually go and sort of correct or influence or give feedback and so on. So you're gonna notice it spits out a bunch of files and it gives me the thing that I wanted, right? So I'm gonna zoom out a little bit here. So couple of things that stand out, uh, here that, I mean, as a... again, as an experienced engineer I can point out, the underlying component system that it uses is the same component system that the best tools on the planet are built with. This is called ChatCN. If you go to groq.com today, they're using ChatCN to build their UI, they're using Next.js. You're getting that caliber of code. The other thing that it did is... People on social media talk about this a lot, when you use a global shared component system with the world, you don't want everything to look the same. So the fact that it was able to apply the style and it kinda knew what Supreme looked like was kinda cool. But now I'm gonna say, "Actually, because I'm building a financial institution, make it more serious, make it in the style of, let's say, Charles Schwab. Uh, change typefaces." So this is the iteration process of like, "I'm gonna go and give feedback to the model, I'm gonna make it try different things." So once the... that initial generation was already created, now the model is actually acting more as an editor, it's going and making tweaks to what's already been built. And this actually scales to very large projects. You could have started with something much bigger. So in the meantime, I'm gonna show you what Luma Labs created with v0, which is absolutely phenomenal. I, I learned (laughs) about this last night, it already has 2,000 forks. I was telling you about the, the power of our community. So by the way, you can just click, um, Community here on the v0 sidebar. I'm gonna fork it because they generously shared it with the world. Notice all the incredible animations here. By the way, they shipped this to hire and attract talent to their company. I recommend them by the way. Like, you should... If you wanna (laughs) be a brand designer, take, take them into consideration. Notice that it's an interactive... Everything is AI generated. They use their own AI image generation tool to create these beautiful frames. These are all AI (laughs) generated as well.

    12. LR

      Wow.

    13. GR

      And, uh, it's interactive, so, like, the... there is the, uh, autoplaying functionality. This is actually a complex layout, uh, and animation system that they built entirely in v0. I was telling you that at one point they even got some advice from O (1) , so shout out to OpenAI. I'm gonna say, (laughs) "Make it sepia style colors." So this is an example of like, "Okay, I forked something, I already have a starting point. Uh, my bank-grade contact form is ready in the meantime." Another fun thing to do is, um, you can start with a screenshot. So I'll, I'll use another, uh, uh, Next.js user as an example, which is fortune.com.Shout-out to them, they, they built a slick website. But let's say that I'm actually wanting to break into the news business, so I'm just gonna paste a screenshot. I could have also, uh, attached a Figma file and I'm gonna have VZ-... VZero already knows, VZero can answer questions as well about the engineering design product world, so like I can ask VZero, "What is a newsletter? Explain with a diagram. Use Lenny as an example." So VZero is also a knowledge seeking tool, um, but we do strongly sort of like, quote-unquote, "steer" the tool to create things. So if I paste the screenshot, as you can see, it's clicking on creating a hopefully awesome news website. Um, uh, I specifically ask 'cause I think it's funny to explain a newsletter with a diagram, so... (laughs) This, uh, VZero can create again, like, eh, explanations, content, knowledge. Uh, the creator is Lenny, you were a former Airbnb product lead. Uh, I guess-

    14. LR

      Saw it, saw it.

    15. GR

      ... I should have used some examples from Airbnb, by the way. Uh, but let's look at here-

    16. LR

      Yep, it's all good.

    17. GR

      ... at wh- what it created with, um-

    18. LR

      Hmm, wow.

    19. GR

      ... with Fortune. So notice that the... I'm just noticing now the, the cyber should have been on the center. Let's use the... I'm gonna zoom out a little bit. Let's use the refinement tool to center this. I call this, by the way, one of the hardest problems in computer science, is actually centering things. (laughs)

    20. LR

      With CSS.

    21. GR

      So, uh, (laughs) that's right. Centering a div. And in fact, look at it, it was a div. So-

    22. LR

      Mm-hmm.

    23. GR

      ... notice that I did a precise sort of inline prompt. And, and the difference between VZero and a lot of other tools is that, yes, you do have the code, and code is very important, but I call it code last rather than code first. You're living in the product, so it's center that, um... Another website that I love, uh, also built with Next.js is Semaphore. So I really like their sepia style, so I'm gonna say, "Use this, ap- apply this style instead, including-"

    24. LR

      So you're, so you're sharing a screen- so you used a screenshot to design, to build the site-

    25. GR

      (laughs) Yes.

    26. LR

      ... and then using a different screenshot to tell it, "Well, make it look like this."

    27. GR

      Yes.

    28. LR

      Very cool.

    29. GR

      And, and, and so the idea is that VZero can grok different aspects of what it needs to build. It can be functional aspects, it can be layout aspects. One qu- and, and one of the things that's also very important to know is we influence the model, so a lot of the things that you would have had to prompt you might get for free. One that's important to call out is responsiveness. So as an example, if I... Notice that if I do this, it's going to, like, make it work quite well in mobile, it's going to give me that hamburger menu. I can now tell it like, "Apply that style to everything." In the meantime, I'll show you, uh... This is actually, to me, very, very impressive and I don't know why today I'm so fixated on the theme of s- sepia, but notice that not only did (laughs) it change the background, I hope people can notice this, it applied it to the checkboxes and it applied the CSS... I'm assuming there's a CSS filter. Yeah, it applied a CSS filter. Just for the sake of it, because I'm a nerd, I'm gonna look at it, but yes, it applied a CSS filter. Confession time, I actually didn't know that there was a sepia function in the filter property of CSS. There were many ways to accomplish this. You could have also written the images or the videos to a canvas and, like, apply l- all kinds of algorithms and whatever.

    30. LR

      I like that it did it more elegantly than you would have.

  11. 59:45 – 1:04:35

    Understanding how AI thinks

    1. LR

      Well, something that I noticed that I loved at the beginning when you were doing the prompting and that prompt, uh, improvement feature is it, it basically is like best practices to make it look good and look better, which I think is one of the more interesting, uh, I don't know, levers to working with AI, is it just has best practices to help you build things that are beautiful, and also feels like there's this opportunity of just like, uh, helping you figure out if what you're building is at all a good idea. Like, uh, what is the problem you're trying to solve? Like, it feels like there's a, like a PM one-pager step that should exist, like, "How do you know this is a problem? What, uh, what have users told you? How many people have told you this?" Things like that.

    2. GR

      Yeah, there's something to be said about the fact that over time, we're more and more peeking into the mind of the AI. That in itself is becoming a killer feature. So the, the DeepSeek Extreme, the thinking tokens moment was a very big moment for our industry, I think. Because OpenAI did have the technology-But they decided that for competitive reasons, which, you know, are, it's a reasonable thing to think, no pun intended. They were gonna withhold it, and also, it wasn't clear there was gonna be product and user and product utility. But when DeepSeek hit, it was very obvious that people really liked the idea of understanding how the AI thinks and influencing where it should go. Uh, we've gotten actually amazing feedback and bug reports where people actually specifically point out, "Look, this is where the AI went wrong. Please fix it." So, the more people we get on this product, the more thumbs up, thumbs down, the more user feedback we get... And by the way, I'll tell you, like, for people out there building products, my number one guidance or piece of advice I would give to any startup founder was create a lot of opportunities for people to give you feedback inside the product. I drew inspiration from Stripe, uh, th- a- and this was amazing for the early days of Vercel. There was a feedback button with a very slick inline form with four emojis that would allow you to decide (laughs) how you were feeling about the feature of the product in that very moment. And that would go straight into Slack. And we were building day in and day out, just like streaming users' thoughts right into our consciousness. And maybe we would get, I don't know, like tens, hundreds a day, especially in the early days, maybe like a couple a day and whatever. When you're building AI products, it's a constant stream of user feedback. So, for people that are thinking about not building AI products, you know, it's, it's gonna be hard to compete with something that has such a tight feedback loop with users. It's... The whole idea is to capture users' feedback so the next iteration of the model, the prompt, the fine-tuning, the examples, the RAG is better. And one of the things that Vercel has done as a result of this insight is we've open-sourced a lot of what makes v0 work. So, let's say that you wanted to create the v0 for doctors, as an example. You can go to vercel.com/templates, and you can clone a ChatGPT template that basically follows all of the best practices in the world for like really high performance, awesome UIs, and now you can go out and build your own AI products. We've also open-sourced the AISDK, which is a foundational plumbing of v0. It allows you to connect any model and generate UI from its responses, not just output text, but actually generate UI. So, maybe because I love showing stuff, I'll just really quickly show you this-

    3. LR

      Okay, cool.

    4. GR

      ... 'cause I'm kind of excited about it.

    5. LR

      Let's do it.

    6. GR

      So, if you go to chat.vercel.ai, super quick, you're gonna see this is the open source ChatGPT demo that we've built. It can... You can ask questions like old school LLM, but also you can ask... Let's actually finish this. Let's ask, "What is the weather in San Francisco?" We call this generative UI. It's responding not with just plain text. It's creating components as a result. Last but not least, and this is the sort of v0 style opportunity, let's ask it to help me write an essay about Silicon Valley. It's gonna create a Canvas or Artifex style experience, and everything is generative, but also users can edit, refine, et cetera,

  12. 1:04:35 – 1:07:22

    AI integration and future prospects

    1. GR

      et cetera, et cetera.

    2. LR

      This actually reminds me of something I've been thinking about. There's all these startups that are building vertical AI tools. This go like a little bit of a tangent, and there's always this like AI stuff for l- lawyers, AI stuff for doctors, nurses, and the, the pitch there is that these are gonna be founders that know a lot about the specific problem in this u-

    3. GR

      Totally.

    4. LR

      ... in this market. And so they'll build like the tools that are very specific to them.

    5. GR

      I'm... Yeah. I'm absolutely convinced that expert AI tools are the future. There's an amazing product being built on Vercel called chatprd.com. It's the v0 for writing PRDs, and it's gonna get a v0 integration soon so that you can write your PRD with AI and then you can deploy to, th- create it with AI. That's just an example of like a vertical that you can go after. There's also Open Evidence. It's like the ChatGPT for doctors, actually. There is an amazing, uh, startup building x-ray AI tooling. So, the ideas I think are infinite, and, and what I've seen from users of AI at Vercel, like for example, our legal team loves this tool called getgc.ai. They could, in theory, go to ChatGPT to ask legal questions, but someone out there decided, "I'm gonna build the best legal AI tool in the world. It's gonna be up to date. I'm gonna obsess about this problem." The CEO herself is a lawyer, so it's gonna be hard to compete with that, I think.

    6. LR

      But here's, here's what I'm thinking. This is like almost the opposite, and I'm curious to get your take, but let's not spend too much time on this 'cause it's a complete tangent.

    7. GR

      No, no, I love it.

    8. LR

      In... So you showed me this, uh, the weather widget that you just built. Basically, it's like a little mini app that the AI built as you're talking to it. Is there a world where when AI, when AGI is far enough and approaching super intelligence, can it just build you, L- Harvey, for example, in real time? "Here's the best u- experience for a lawyer. Here we go. We got it for you."

    9. GR

      (laughs) Totally. Totally. I believe that eventually, yes, but humans will always want to have some guardrails. The reality is that GetGC is taking a double job. One is making the best tools for lawyers possible, but also putting their, you know, weight behind it. Put it... Say like, "We've actually used this."And we believe that this is- this is what the future should look like. There is a sense of direction and opinion about things, and I think left to its own devices, AI... I- I don't know, like this is the, this is the double-edged sort of like prompt embellishment, like AI doesn't always know exactly what we want or what we need. It's still very much a co-pilot, a partner, an assistant. It's not really running our lives, and I don't know that we even would want that,

  13. 1:07:22 – 1:13:43

    Building taste

    1. GR

      ultimately.

    2. LR

      Okay, I'm gonna go in a whole different direction, which is, uh, taste. We hear this word taste all the time, it feels like a thing that people are always suggesting. This will continue to be an important skill, to know what is good basically, to know what people are likely to find valuable and good. And I know... clearly you have great taste. You're building incredibly beautiful products. v0s clearly, uh, it's like the most beautiful by default builder out there, as we've seen. So in terms of building taste, people are always like, "How the hell do I do that? I have great taste. I know I do. I don't need to..." (laughs) How- how have you built taste? How do you think that has... how- how do you think you've built taste? And any advice for folks that are trying to improve their taste?

    3. GR

      Yes. I think it's extremely important to try lots of products. You need to get yourself out there. I think it's very important to go back to that sort of like get into the world, ship things, don't be hesitant of self-promotion in a way. So being very honest with yourself, like building something, getting it out there, see how people react, go back to the drawing board. I think it's about exposure. At Vercel, we have one of our sort of internal operating principles as increasing exposure hours. Try to quantify how much time you expose yourself to watching how people use your products, even to watch how people use other products, and you'll develop that muscle. Like taste, sometimes, I think we think of as like this inaccessible thing that, oh, that person was born with taste. I see it as a skill that you can develop and again, the AI will help you a lot here because we try and capture some of the universal principles of it, but there's also trends in the world, right? Like, I'm not a super like couture guy, but like you can see that like every year, like Paris Fashion Week has like a theme to it and like there is some innovations that happen, some breakthroughs, whatever. And so trying to stay at- at the frontier or even try and define the frontier as well is- is certainly very exciting.

    4. LR

      I love how doable this is, increasing your exposure hours. Uh, basically what I'm hearing is, uh, use the best apps.

    5. GR

      Yes.

    6. LR

      There- there's like a feedback cycle component to it, just like show people the thing.

    7. GR

      Understand there's nuances, right?

    8. LR

      Mm-hmm.

    9. GR

      So I actually recently created a- I- I published it to my community profile on v0. I created a ChatGPT style interface inspired by Groq, and I captured a few things that Groq does that are just so smart. So on mobile web when you press Enter on their input, they default to creating a new line because they know that the way that people are used to submitting things on mobile is not by hitting Enter like we would do on- on a- on a desktop computer. You can tap the little icon and like your message goes out. On desktop, they inverted it. When you press Enter, you're expected to submit. I think if you got a new line, I think a lot of people would get frustrated that most people don't know that they can press Command+Enter to submit and whatever, like it slows everything down. And you can basically prompt for those things, right? But you have to pay attention to the details and you have to, you know, decide what you want to see in the world. Sometimes that means like either defining best practices or seeking the best practices and learning from others. Another aspect of exposure hours is that you tend to overrate how well your products work. It's very important to give your product to another person and watch them interact with it. Expose yourself to the pain of reality. And the more you sort of like submerge yourself in the- in the real deal nitty-gritty of what happens when people use your- your interfaces and whatnot, I think you'll- you'll come out stronger, more grounded, hopefully more humbled.

    10. LR

      We don't like pain though, and I like that this is a push. Create some more pain in your life. Show people-

    11. GR

      Yes.

    12. LR

      ...the thing you're building. Is there like a... do you have like an heuristic or number of how many exposure hours per week, per month you want your team to have? Or is it just more is always better?

    13. GR

      Yeah, more is always better. I mean, the- because the inertia is to get inside your head and the inertia is to think you know everything and assume that everything is going good and, you know, there are no errors. Of course it's fast. It- it worked on my machine. I- I think it's the- it's always a push for more. I- I do sometimes little things, like I ask my team to color my calendar. So I say like, "I have to have certain amount of like one-on-ones with my team, uh, in- represented on my calendar." You know, kind- kind of like meetings so that I can sync with people and see how the company's doing. Uh, then I want to have customer meetings, and during those customer meetings I push myself to use the products. In fact, with our enterprise customers, something that I do is like I try to forget how things are built, what feature of Next.js or Vercel they're using, whatever. I just frequently use their products, and I want the product to be great. That's all. And then I try to work backwards into the... So a form of exposure hours for me is seeing what kind of success...... our customers are having in the real world. And so, but again, it's just a heuristic, like maybe one-third of my meetings this week were customer meetings and I tried and watched them do. Another really quick one is we invite people frequently to demo how they use the product, uh, live, sometimes with the executive team, s- sometimes with the whole company. And, um, we disc- uh, we always inevitably discover something interesting from the customer about, maybe there is something that they're in pain about that we didn't know about or maybe something was not as i- as intuitive as we thought.

    14. LR

      And I find with these sorts of things, when you do them, when you talk to customers, you have them show how they use the product, you're always like-

    15. GR

      Yes.

    16. LR

      ... "Why have I not done this oft- more often? Why am I... What am I... What am I thinking?" This is-

    17. GR

      Yes.

    18. LR

      It's just so mind-blowing usually.

  14. 1:13:43 – 1:16:54

    Limitations of v0

    1. LR

    2. GR

      Yes.

    3. LR

      I wanna talk about limitations of v0 at this point. So what should people know about just, like, what v0 can do? Like can you... If you have an existing codebase, can you plug it in and start doing stuff or is that coming? What else should people know just like, "Okay, it's not gonna do this yet, but maybe in the future"?

    4. GR

      Yeah, you can import codebases through zip files and-

    5. LR

      Hmm.

    6. GR

      ... Git is coming very soon. Uh, it can do full stack development, it can connect to APIs. In the next couple of days, maybe even before this podcast is out-

    7. LR

      Mm-hmm.

    8. GR

      ... we'll have these very tight integrations so that if you need a database or if you need an AI model or if the AI decides it needs that, it'll just seamlessly install it from the Vercel marketplace. And the Vercel marketplace has already curated some of the best infrastructure products in the world to store data, to, uh, search data, et cetera. So it's gonna, it's gonna make the product even more powerful. I'll say, a- again, I kinda did that exercise and I do that exercise every day of, like, I- I have a wild idea and try to see if it can come to life. It's- it's- it's very powerful so far. Um, AIs are still very much a work in progress. They can make mistakes. We have it as a little disclaimer underneath the input. I- you- you will find errors. Our- our fitness function and we've seen, uh, such a strong correlation between user love and retention. V0 is actually a very retentive product compared to other AI products that I've built in the past or- or, you know, little demos that we've done or whatever. People subscribe and use it every single day and are very, sort of like, if they notice, uh, a bug, they're like very, very like, uh, jittery about it because they're depending on it day in and day out. But I'll say errors are still possible, right? Like every once in a while, you might get a runtime error or whatever. But a lot of the technology that we've added is so that v0 is very agentic. It has a lot of agency in how to act. So you're going to see very frequently that if it runs into errors, v0 tries to solve it- solve them itself. And, um, and then last, I will say when products get really big, AI today is just not as good at dealing with massive codebases. But going back to that idea of the React component, because we break down things into files and components, we tend to do quite well in that dimension. In fact, one thing that Next.js was sort of known for is that in order to start a project, you just create a file and Next.js will route to that page. It j- it was... If anyone is familiar with PHP, it's kind of like how PHP worked. And so it's so good that LLMs are good at working with files now because it fits very naturally into our world and- and if you can scope down when things get really big, if you can give it a smaller task to work on a specific component or a specific file, you decrease that likelihood of- of the LM not being able to reason over or very, very, very long context windows.

  15. 1:16:54 – 1:20:09

    Improving the design of your product

    1. GR

    2. LR

      I wanna go back to design. We talked about how v0 is really good at just great design by default. To kind of lean into that more, if someone wants to improve the design of their product, you know, most people are not designers, they don't really know how to make it look good, they don't know what to ask for. Any just tips and best practices for making their app even better, look even nicer?

    3. GR

      Yeah. It was really interesting. Uh, the other day I met with a CIO who, of- of a large bank, who on the side does a lot of coding or, like, tries out new technologies and whatnot. And I showed him v0 and he immediately became a v0 addict. Like he texts me every day with feedback. He moved two websites of his own from another like sort of website builder type provider to v0 and Vercel, deployed them, gave them a domain name. They're live in production. And then he said, "Look, I have this challenge. I have this music festival that I organize with a couple friends, and this is what the designer gave us." And he had this kind of like brochure. It looked very much like a print style design. And so he gave that, uh, to v0 and the first result, he was kind of like dinging me for it. He's like, "Look, this doesn't look good." And then because I have experience with the tool, I said like, "Why don't you just give it the feedback?" Like literally j- you know, uh, the... You were asking yesterday, like, uh, sort of earlier some of the things that I've learned with the product and I was... Or- or- or the best practice, what would I recommend if I were sitting next to someone. Not only you should not hesitate to give, uh, the- the AI feedback, it's so interesting, dude. Like sometimes people will press a feedback button to tell us what they wanted v0 to do and literally all we had to do in many cases is just, "Can you just tell v0 that?" And so he sent me this message saying like, "Yeah, I just don't like the design." And I gave him back a prompt that I would have given. I said like, "Make..." I don't know what I said specifically, but I said, "Make it more jazzy. Get it... Make it more... Make it pop. Make it..." And so trying and- and- and again, goes back to like...... try to draw inspiration from variety that the AI already knows about. So in a couple of prompts, we ended up something that was, in his mind, better than the original print design of that brochure, that concert lineup. And at that time, a- and again, I'm even learning about what v0 is capable of and, and the best ways to use it. But with design, I think, unleashing its creativity with, and, and seeing things and, and playing with it is, is definitely super helpful.

    4. LR

      So one thing I'm hearing here is just tell it, uh, "Make this look better," or, "I don't like-"

    5. GR

      (laughs) Make it pop.

    6. LR

      "Make it pop." (laughs)

    7. GR

      You can, totally.

    8. LR

      That actually works.

    9. GR

      But e- and if you can use tokens that are, uh, relevant, so neo-brutalist, minimalist, newspaper-like, vintage, make it look like a f- a telegram. Uh, like, you can sort of, like, try and reach for things that you... maybe would not naturally come to mind, and, and you will be surprised about how well it can transfer those ideas into reality.

  16. 1:20:09 – 1:22:35

    The secret to product quality

    1. GR

    2. LR

      Incredible. Too easy. May- maybe to close out our conversation, we'll see where this topic goes, I had this tweet that I loved, that I super resonate with, "The secret to product quality is blood, sweat, and tears." I completely agree. I think that's why I think my newsletter's been successful. I spend so much time on every newsletter post, more than I think anyone spends on a newsletter post, like, 10, 20, 30 hours, and that's why I think it works. Is there anything more behind that tweet, anything you've learned, just the importance of working hard, I guess, to create great stuff?

    3. GR

      Yeah, I, I mentioned, uh, exposure hour is a good example of, like, look, it can be painful. It can be painful to see your baby break in front of everyone and noticing all the... The other thing is that a pr- a great product is made up of a thousand little details, right? And so you're never really done. There's a humility that comes from the process also of why the best product builders will say nine nos for every yes. Because when you say yes, it's like adopting a puppy. A feature is like adopting a puppy. It grows into a beast that you have to take care of, and it's very demanding and loving, but also, it, you know, it's a lot, and poops everywhere. So you have to have a creative restraint and a... while you also have to have a give, you have to withhold sometimes with the respect of the real-world complexity that emerges. Al- a little thing that I, you know, kind of obsess about, I'll give kudos to the Midjourney team. I really love how Midjourney works on mobile web. I don't know if they have an app yet, like a native app, but, like, their mobile website is phenomenal, and to get it to be that good... By the way, it's possible. It's actually possible to get, make great things on mobile web. But it re- it needs that sense of love and restraint and obsession and testing a lot and using your pro- your own products a lot. Duckfooding is a great mechanism, obviously. So we use the heck out of Vercel and v0 to make Vercel and v0, and hopefully that helps us do better. But there is a lot of blood, sweat, and tears in the process.

    4. LR

      Yeah, you can tell how much you use the product. Like, it comes through in everything you, you say.

  17. 1:22:35 – 1:25:43

    Vercel’s AI-driven development

    1. LR

      Let me actually ask about this. You talked about how you have... You said you have 600 engineers?

    2. GR

      Uh, no, 600 people total, and 100 in-

    3. LR

      600 people total.

    4. GR

      ... 150 or so.

    5. LR

      How, how is AI changing the way they work? Is there anything there? 'Cause I feel like you guys are at the cutting edge of how, how products are built. Where, h- what's happening? Like, is it just everyone's on Cursor and v0 to build stuff?

    6. GR

      Yeah. Yes, but actually it's more profound. I think it's the everybody can ship. It's the we build with AI principles in mind. I actually will give a, a shout-out to the Luma Labs engineer who said, "Well, I'll use AI for everything. I'll use AI also to generate the images for the website," you know? And I'm seeing, for example, our designers that are working on our next conference generate all of the animations with video models. I'm looking at our marketing team are creating demos of how the infrastructure works with v0 that are better than any static diagram or landing page that I've ever seen. One of my most viral zeets or X posts is something that one of our designers created, which explains how our compute infrastructure works with an interactive demo, and until h- until he ch- created that... By the way, he designed it and created it, and we shipped it all in the tool. First of all, it wasn't part of his day-to-day job to do that. He, it... v0's making you such a powerful generalist that you can step out of your comfort zone of like, "Well, my job was to do only this." You can just create. We have a ritual every Friday, we had it this morning, called Demo Fridays, and so it's very important to create the space for people to step out of that comfort zone and use AI. So us giving permission to people to build and ship things is part of that cultural backdrop that makes these things possible. We had a demo today as part of Demo Friday of, of our VP of sales engineering also creating an amazing, uh, tool that he's gonna use to help prospects understand Vercel with v0. So I, I've heard from DevOps and infrastructure engineers how much they use tools like Cursor to work on the low levels of the Vercel infrastructure. So I think...... very quickly, we're seeing AI being embedded everywhere. I just heard a product request from a customer that say- was saying, "Okay, Vercel, you sell domain names. Let me, let me come up with new domain ideas (laughs) with, with AI." So, I just see a future where AI becomes synonymous with software. I do look forward to it because we need to stop talking about AI at some point. I foresee, I, it's probably not gonna happen, but it is useful to remind people that AI equals software now. And we are a software company. We build software and we use software to build software, so.

    7. LR

      And AI is just a part of that.

    8. GR

      Yeah.

  18. 1:25:43 – 1:27:11

    Guillermo's vision for the future

    1. GR

    2. LR

      Guillermo, what a beautiful way to end it. Is there, is there anything else you wanted to mention? Anything else that you wanna leave listeners with before I let you go?

    3. GR

      I'll leave you with my vision of the future, which is we ha- we have this billboard in San Francisco, which is everybody can cook. Um, it's also part of the Ratatouille film, one of my favorite movies. I, I look toward, I look forward to a future where everybody can get their ideas out there. If you can dream it, you can ship it. And also, that when you use products and when you see the creations of other people and the things that they put out into the world, that we are collectively making the world better. So, anything you experience hopefully gets faster, higher quality, fewer bugs as we go along, and I think we're all contributing to that and, uh, I look forward, look forward to that and look forward to everyone's feedback on how Vercel can, can play a part in that future.

    4. LR

      So, to build on that, where can folks find you online? Where can they... should, they should go to vercel.com, is it v0.com? And-

    5. GR

      Yeah, and-

    6. LR

      Uh-huh.

    7. GR

      ... go to v0.dev-

    8. LR

      Dev.

    9. GR

      ... to get started.

    10. LR

      There you go. Mm-hmm.

    11. GR

      Uh, I did mention the, if you wanna, if you wanna build your own v0, this is more advanced, but check out our templates on vercel.com/templates. And also, I'm rouchg on X, so you can DM me or, or, or tweet at me at any time.

Episode duration: 1:27:43

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