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The Science Of Analysing Conversations - Elizabeth Stokoe

Elizabeth Stokoe is a Professor of Social Interaction at Loughborough University studying conversation analysis. The discussions we have usually seem to flow seamlessly. That's until you transcribe and scientifically analyse them to show up all the pauses, filler words, mistakes, stutters and half-finished sentences. Then, the fact that we can communicate at all seems to become a miracle. Expect to learn what not to say on a first date, why the word 'like' has taken such a hold over people's mouths, just how big of an impact language has on our behaviour, why the words that people say often are the most important contributor when determining of our opinion of them, what Elizabeth learned from hostage negotiations, whether our use of technology and smart speakers is changing our language and much more... Sponsors: Get 15% discount on the amazing 6 Minute Diary at https://bit.ly/diarywisdom (use code MW15) (USA - https://amzn.to/3b2fQbR and use 15MINUTES) Get 5 Free Travel Packs, Free Liquid Vitamin D and Free Shipping from Athletic Greens at https://athleticgreens.com/modernwisdom (discount automatically applied) Get 2 weeks free access to Wondrium by going to https://www.wondrium.com/modernwisdom (discount automatically applied) Extra Stuff: Check out Elizabeth's website - https://twitter.com/LizStokoe Follow Elizabeth on Twitter - https://twitter.com/LizStokoe Get my free Reading List of 100 books to read before you die → https://chriswillx.com/books/ To support me on Patreon (thank you): https://www.patreon.com/modernwisdom #conversationanalysis #communication #psychology - 00:00 Intro 00:23 Why You Shouldn’t Ask People How They Are 06:46 How Humans Are Led by Language 12:13 Judging Someone Based on Conversation 19:41 Insights on Silence in Conversation 30:09 Uhm’s, Ah’s & ‘Like’ 38:14 Importance of Non-Verbal Communication 46:19 First Date Do’s & Don’ts 53:57 Studying Hostage Negotiations 1:09:25 Reverse-Engineering Normal Responses 1:15:44 Where to Find Elizabeth - Get my free Reading List of 100 life-changing books here - https://chriswillx.com/books/ Listen to all episodes on audio: Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2MNqIgw Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2LSimPn - Get in touch in the comments below or head to... Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/chriswillx Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/chriswillx Email: https://chriswillx.com/contact/

Elizabeth StokoeguestChris Williamsonhost
Jul 29, 20221h 16mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

How Tiny Conversational Details Quietly Shape Outcomes, Relationships, And Decisions

  1. Elizabeth Stokoe explains how conversation analysis uses real-world recordings to uncover the hidden structure and impact of everyday talk—down to silences, fillers, and single word choices.
  2. She shows that seemingly trivial elements like “How are you?”, ums and uhs, or a half‑second pause can signal urgency, resistance, warmth, conflict, or danger, and can radically change what happens next.
  3. Drawing on data from emergency calls, GP receptions, vet clinics, sales calls, mediations, dating, and suicide negotiations, she illustrates how language subtly pushes and pulls people without us realizing.
  4. Stokoe argues that words are actions, not just expressions, and that small adjustments in wording and timing can make interactions smoother, safer, more efficient, and more humane.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Conversation openings quietly signal urgency, safety, or conflict.

Routine “Hi, how are you?” exchanges usually mark low-stakes, non-urgent interactions, while their absence—or abrupt starts like “What’s the deal?”—often foreshadow arguments or emergencies. Emergency callers and even victims in danger can strategically use or avoid these openings to signal the situation without explicit words.

Silence is rare, highly meaningful, and quickly becomes uncomfortable.

In ordinary talk, gaps longer than about one second already count as delays, and multi-second silences are experienced as a breach that demands repair (rephrasing, offering options, softening). Long pauses force others to question their prior turn and often trigger clarification or backtracking.

Filler words are not mistakes; they perform specific interactional work.

Ums, uhs, and similar fillers signal searching for words, delicacy, or trouble in formulating an utterance and are placed systematically, not randomly. Their position can even distinguish genuine callers from “mystery shoppers”, showing that disfluencies are part of how we manage nuance and authenticity.

Good service is often about anticipating needs and minimizing friction.

Examples like offering the Wi‑Fi code unprompted, or quickly hearing whether a caller wants small talk versus just a price, show that attentive listening and brief, well-timed information can create warmth and efficiency without scripts or forced rapport-building.

Small wording choices can materially change compliance and cooperation.

Negotiators who invite someone to “speak” and “sort things out” get less resistance than when they propose to “talk” or “help”, because people often resist “talk” and “help” as empty or patronizing. Similarly, asking if someone is “willing” rather than “interested” or if they “would like” to do something can increase agreement, though it must be used judiciously.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

A lot of what we do is what we say; they’re the same sorts of things.

Elizabeth Stokoe

Silences of two or three seconds are huge delays in everyday conversation.

Elizabeth Stokoe

We’re pushed and pulled around by language a lot, often without being aware of it.

Elizabeth Stokoe

If 93% of communication were nonverbal, then how is radio so popular?

Elizabeth Stokoe

How we think we talk isn’t quite how we talk.

Elizabeth Stokoe

Function and meaning of openings like “How are you?” in conversationsRole of silences, timing, and pauses in interactionFiller words (um, uh, like, you know) as meaningful conversational toolsService encounters, sales calls, and customer experience through languageConflict, first-mover attacks, and how we resist or enable themCrisis and hostage negotiation, suicide prevention calls, and word choiceLimits of body-language myths and the 93% nonverbal communication claim

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