EVERY SPOKEN WORD
150 min read · 30,108 words- 0:00 – 1:04
Intro
- CWChris Williamson
Twitter cracks and crumbles at our feet as the man behind Titania McGrath, Andrew Doyle, joins me on Modern Wisdom. Let's say that someone hasn't seen the Titania account, how would you describe it?
- ADAndrew Doyle
I would describe it as a kind of social justice activist who is very humorless, is desperate to be offended, desperate to promote her own victimhood, and is not necessarily stupid, but has, has swallowed this ideology to the extent that they stop being able to think for themselves.
- CWChris Williamson
Questions for Titania, how would she answer? Let's see how we get on.
- ADAndrew Doyle
All right.
- CWChris Williamson
Number one, are all cats feminists? Which is the most oppressive vegetable?
- ADAndrew Doyle
It's like when Little Mix tweeted about the bombing of Syria.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
They sent an apology saying that, "Oh, we're so sorry to the people of Syria." Bet the people of Syria were thinking, "Great, at least Little Mix have got our back." Look, I'm not saying these people shouldn't have a, the right to have an opinion. Of course they do, but I don't give a shit what Little Mix think about Syria. We are living in a culture where people are self-censoring out of fear of either what your peers will say, what the people on social media are gonna do to you. You know, in the UK, we have a horrible situation where we have hate speech laws that have led to people being imprisoned for jokes they've written on Facebook.
- 1:04 – 4:37
Welcome
- CWChris Williamson
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back. Twitter cracks and crumbles at our feet as the man behind Titania McGrath, Andrew Doyle, joins me on Modern Wisdom. Andrew, welcome to the show.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Such a dramatic opening.
- CWChris Williamson
I know.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, it's almost apocalyptic. I like it.
- CWChris Williamson
It's kind of appropriate though, right?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Uh, well, I don't know. Like a deus ex machina who've sort of descended from the heavens.
- CWChris Williamson
That's exactly why you're here.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, I just got the train.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
It's not, it's not as, it's not as exciting.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah, like a phoenix from the ashes.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
So how have you been the last few weeks?
- ADAndrew Doyle
I'm all right. I'm just a bit knackered 'cause I was out with a friend late last night, really late.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah, but-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um-
- CWChris Williamson
... fully functioning?
- ADAndrew Doyle
I'm all right. He gi- he was over from Sweden, so I didn't have a choice, I had to stay.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, but, yeah, I'm, uh, yeah, I'm good, but I've been all over the place. I've been back and forth various places. I'm not a good traveler, I get really tired, so-
- CWChris Williamson
Okay.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... I, I'm just, yeah. So if I'm a bit frazzled, that's why.
- CWChris Williamson
Totally fine.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And that's good because that means anything I say that's inappropriate, I can blame on my condition.
- CWChris Williamson
Fatigue.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
100%.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah. That's good.
- CWChris Williamson
100%. Um, so you're Fringing, plus Londoning, and Musing, and tweeting, and doing all this sort of stuff at the moment?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, so I've got, the Titania McGrath Show is on, uh, during the Fringe at the moment, but I'm not there most of the time, um, but I've got my own stand-up show which starts on Monday.
- 4:37 – 6:03
Twitter bans
- ADAndrew Doyle
this is me. I can say anything." Some of the early tweets were really vile, actually.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
And, um, were really, um, just, just sometimes just provocative for its own sake.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, and you won't see them anymore because I had to de- delete them all, um...
- CWChris Williamson
Oh, no.
- ADAndrew Doyle
But what would happen is I'd get a s- I got a couple of one-day bans, then I got a seven-day ban, then I got another seven-day ban, um, and I thought, "Well, you know, the..." And then at one point, it must have been around September, something like that, I don't know, she got k- permanent banned.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
So Twitter said, they emailed saying, "You are permanently suspended. You can't come back."
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
And then there was a big uproar on Twitter, all these sort of prominent people complaining to Twitter.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And then Twitter brought her back again.
- CWChris Williamson
'Cause there's a provision on Twitter for satirical accounts, right?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, of course, yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
Like a protection kind of thing if, as long as you, as long as it's apparent that it is-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... you can kind of get away with more.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Right. So their rule is if you, if you've got a parody account, which is a specific mocking of another person, you have to put parody in your bio.
- CWChris Williamson
Okay.
- ADAndrew Doyle
This isn't a parody account, it's a satire account. I'm not, I'm not parodying a particular person.
- CWChris Williamson
Oh, okay. Yeah, that's interesting.
- ADAndrew Doyle
So, um, I'm, uh, and people often don't understand that difference between satire-
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... and parody, so it's a different thing. Um, but there is provision that Twitter ostensibly in their rules say that's okay, you should be allowed to do that.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, but they found some of the language and some of the imagery, I suppose, a bit unpleasant.... and then completely banned her, uh, or they took it literally.
- 6:03 – 14:10
The full ban
- ADAndrew Doyle
I don't know.
- CWChris Williamson
Can, can you remember what the tweet was that was the full ban? What-
- ADAndrew Doyle
The full ban was I'd been, uh, she was saying that she was going to a UKIP march to punch people in the name of tolerance.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
And that was all it was. And I imagine that was probably just incitement to violence, maybe? I don't know.
- CWChris Williamson
I guess so, yeah. Didn't you incite violence against yourself last night?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, I did!
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
Are you following me on Twitter?
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
Wow. Yeah, I did, 'cause I, I can't remember what I did now. I was drunk. What was it?
- CWChris Williamson
So... (laughs) I'll tell you.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Okay.
- CWChris Williamson
The Titania account retweeted your show flyer-
- ADAndrew Doyle
That's it.
- CWChris Williamson
... and said, um, "This imposter is doing a show in the same, uh, place as me, immediately after me-"
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
"... at Edinburgh. Um, go see it. Bring milkshakes."
- ADAndrew Doyle
Ah, yeah. Okay, yeah, yeah, yeah, of course I did.
- CWChris Williamson
And then you tweeted that saying, "Can I incite violence against myself?"
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, and then she replied to that.
- CWChris Williamson
I didn't see that one.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Oh, yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
I was a- I was asleep by then.
- ADAndrew Doyle
I th- I start-
- CWChris Williamson
I think you probably should've been asleep.
- ADAndrew Doyle
I started having a conversation with myself. (laughs)
- CWChris Williamson
We all do that, Andrew. It's fine.
- ADAndrew Doyle
I know. I did that at the time before people knew it was me. I had like-
- CWChris Williamson
Would you call her out about-
- 14:10 – 17:00
The battle cry of the politically homeless
- ADAndrew Doyle
actually.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah. I agree. One of the things that's interesting, so for me, I'm not massively political. I'm a red-blooded capitalist, and have worked for myself as a sovereign individual since I was, like, 18.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Okay.
- CWChris Williamson
So my, um, exposure to the world of politics is very, very, uh, focused on myself.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
Uh, my vote, if I was to vote, which I haven't in any of... I've never voted once.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Really?
- CWChris Williamson
N- no. Never once, as an educated guy. I've always been away on holiday-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Outrageous.
- CWChris Williamson
... or I'm busy with work or doing whatever it is. But if I was to vote, one of the first things that would come up would be, how does this affect my interests?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Okay. Okay.
- CWChris Williamson
And there was a-
- ADAndrew Doyle
You're a capitalist. Fine. So you are political.
- CWChris Williamson
Okay. Fair enough.
- ADAndrew Doyle
(laughs)
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- NANarrator
(laughs)
- CWChris Williamson
Perfect. Um, you tweeted an article, which I read earlier on, which has really broken down a lot of the things I wish that I could understand (laughs) . Uh, Bridget Phetasy?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
Um, and it's called The Battle Cry of the Politically Homeless, and what she says is that people who don't have extremist views on either sides of the spectrum-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yes.
- CWChris Williamson
... or people who just aren't bothered about politics kind of get lambasted as being these wasteful vote... What is it? A cook-servative.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah. Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
Um, uh, and a, a waste of a vote, and then on top of that, anyone who is but is moderate-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... anyone who has a slightly nuanced view-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... just gets sort of thrown to the wayside. And I think that with Titania, what you're identifying is that the people who are the absolute extremes-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah. Exactly.
- CWChris Williamson
... that's, it is funny for that reason, that people can identify, well, most people, the vast majority of people-
- 17:00 – 18:59
What is a bigot
- ADAndrew Doyle
uh, cannot see beyond their own very narrow, sort of, parameters. And if you step outside that, particularly if you come from the left, like I do, and you step outside it just a little bit, you are the most, you're the persona non grata. You're the, you're the one they attack.
- CWChris Williamson
Pushed straight down the hill.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah. Yeah. And, and, uh, and, and so s- people who have moderate views, people who just want to have a discussion about some of these difficult issues, they want to address the nuance of, say, the trans debate.
- CWChris Williamson
(clears throat)
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, they will just be, uh, lambasted as bigots. But the big irony with this is, these people don't know what the word bigot means. I mean, the definition of bigot is someone who is incapable or, or completely intolerant of anyone else's opinion, someone who has a different opinion.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
But they, the people... So nine times out of 10, anyone who calls you a bigot is normally the bigot.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
Because what they're saying is, "Your opinion shouldn't be allowed."
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Uh, it shouldn't, you know, we shouldn't have to, it shouldn't be tolerated. So yeah, it's a real problem. Bridget's been on the receiving end of it. Um, a, a lot of us have now, and of course, what happens as well is, if you express an opinion that isn't within that Overton window of acceptable thought, um, people just say, "Well, you're being dishonest. You're being a provocateur. You're being a shock jock." Because it's a kind of narcissistic world view that, "I can't believe that someone else would have a different view than me, therefore this must be a lie."
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Right? So, I mean, my, my, my...... I suppose my guiding principle, uh, is just to tell the truth, say what I think-
- CWChris Williamson
Yes.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... uh, and see what happens, right?
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And I, if everyone did that, can you imagine? We'd be in a-
- CWChris Williamson
It would be cool.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... we'd be in a much better position, wouldn't we?
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah. Well, th- th- you know, Jordan Peterson, who is a, a fan favorite of the show, um, he, his first rule, tell the truth, or at least do not lie.
- ADAndrew Doyle
He makes a point in his book a- about this actually, that it's actually very self-destructive to be dishonest.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Uh, and when I read that, it really chimed with me. I think that's absolutely right. The, the, you're hurting yourself-
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... if you're, if you're dishonest. Um, and he also makes the point that absolutely there are times when lying is actually the compassionate thing to do, right?
- 18:59 – 21:58
Lying is compassionate
- ADAndrew Doyle
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Fine. Um, but actually there's a way to do just evading the truth, as in you don't have to-
- CWChris Williamson
Lies of omission, not lies of commission.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, yeah. If, if it's for a compassionate reason-
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... that make, that makes sense to me. Um, but I think when it comes to just expressing your opinions and views, it's all about respecting people enough to tell them the truth. As in I, I, I can respect you, I can say something that I think you might disagree with, because I respect you enough as a human being not to, that I assume you're not gonna start throwing things and call me a Nazi, right?
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You're gonna have a debate and you're gonna have a discussion.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
It's actually really disrespectful to say what you think the popular viewpoint is, uh, just for the sake of other people's, uh, um, sensibilities.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
That's actually very disrespectful to them because you're patronizing them.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You're infantilizing them. You're saying that you wouldn't be able to cope with dissent.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You know, it's a bit like being at school. You know, when you're at school, like, it's a particular thing with boys at school is that you won't say an opinion unless you're sure everyone else agrees, right?
- CWChris Williamson
Holds it. Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Right? Uh, and sometimes you're, you're, you, this happens to me all the time. You must have happened to you, like when you were a kid and someone said something and everyone was like, "Oh no, we don't think that, do we?"
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And then it's like, "Oh, no, I didn't mean that."
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah. Uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
I actually saw a stand-up doing a bit about this this year, where he's talking about he, when, when a, a, a situation arises in the news and he, he offers an opinion a bit too early when it's not formed, and then he's like, "Oh no, can I take that back?" Right?
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And which is what teenagers do. This isn't a teenage act, by the way, but it, but that's what teenagers do, and it's that thing of, well, actually, we'd all be better off being honest. It'd be, it, it... We'd know who we were voting for. We'd know what people think and we'd know where we stand.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
We'd have our views challenged. There's all sorts of reasons, uh, why honesty is a good thing. But no matter how many times I say that, it doesn't matter. People just say, "Yeah, you're lying. You're just lying because you want to cause trouble or whatever." And, and that's really sad.
- CWChris Williamson
I know. Anyone who wants to read a very good short book on lying, Sam Harris's Lying, one hour, one-hour read.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Okay, I haven't read that.
- CWChris Williamson
And it is a one-hour justification for why you should never lie.
- 21:58 – 25:22
Reducing difficult discussions to easy shortcuts
- ADAndrew Doyle
Well, we haven't left.
- CWChris Williamson
Well, okay.
- ADAndrew Doyle
It's that, it's that, it's that reductive thing-
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... of reducing actually a very complicated, nuanced political question to an easy, uh, shortcut, you know?
- CWChris Williamson
Why do you think that people are doing that at the moment? Why are people reducing down difficult discussions to these real tweet length?
- ADAndrew Doyle
There's a good psychological reason. There's a thing called the cognitive miser model, which means that you, you instinctively, uh, try and find the easiest train of thought. Your mind, that, you'll, you'll always go for the easiest. It actually takes a bit of effort, uh, to think about things. Um, if, if you've got this situation, for instance, with the Brexit vote, and you can just say, "Well, that side's good and that side's evil," well, it's easy, it's an easy choice to make. Otherwise you have to start understanding the issues.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
It's a whole lot harder.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
I get that. Um, and, uh, yeah, it's started, it's happened a lot. It happened with Trump, uh, it's happening now with, with, uh, with Boris Johnson. So there's gonna be... It's the same thing again. It's are you a good person? And this is why the polls never work anymore. This is why no one predicted Trump, no one predicted Brexit. It never works, because people have their opinions. They have, they have two sets of opinions. They've got the opinions that they actually feel-
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... and they've got the opinions that they know they can express in public.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
Right? And those two are no longer the same.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
It used to be the case that they were the same. I remember talking to an old trade unionist about this. He was saying that, "You know, we used to be able to talk to, like, some of the miners and everything, uh, about..." And they would be really homophobic. They'd say like, uh, you know, they hate fags and all this sort of... They wouldn't use fags. They'd say queers back then when they were faggots.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, but, you know, but they were right on all these other issues. And rather than baulk at that and say, "Oh, well, you're obviously a fascist. I won't talk to you about anything."
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Uh, this guy was saying, "Well, what I'd say to them is, 'Well, okay, you're right about these social issues and these economic issues, so can we now talk about your issues about sexuality?'" And, and, and then it became a discussion, and then people changed their minds.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And that was the, that was a great thing to happen, right?
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
But now if, say for instance, you've got one opinion that is not acceptable. Say you are, uh, anti-abortion, right? So that, for, for many leftists, is, like, one of the, the sins.
- CWChris Williamson
Cardinal sin.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Right? So if you're in that, then, then suddenly we, we write off you, we write you off completely.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
So even if we agree on other things, it doesn't matter anymore. You're now the bad person. You're now an evil person. Um, it's really unsophisticated.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah, it is.
- 25:22 – 29:06
No one gets their own principles
- ADAndrew Doyle
never would.
- CWChris Williamson
Like this tiny little sliver-
- ADAndrew Doyle
They're correct about that.
- CWChris Williamson
... of what they're saying.
- ADAndrew Doyle
No one gets their own principles, right? So a principle is either right or it's wrong.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Okay? So you, you should be able to say, "I, I don't approve of anything that person says or does, but on that they're right."
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Because they don't own the principle.
- CWChris Williamson
There's no more room for nuance or-
- ADAndrew Doyle
No, not at all.
- CWChris Williamson
... certainty in discussions, no. So (clears throat) the thing that keeps coming back to me... And again, I'm probably a good avatar for the layperson when it comes to seeing these things, right?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yes.
- CWChris Williamson
Because I'm not embroiled in them and it's, it's not-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Good for you.
- CWChris Williamson
I know (laughs) . It must feel like it would be heaven for you, right? Um, looking from the outside in-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... people who are getting upset at the fact-
- ADAndrew Doyle
(clears throat)
- CWChris Williamson
... that you're making comedy at these situations, to me-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... that is potentially the most shocking thing of all, because Armando Iannucci must be itching his scripts to have a go at Brexit and Boris Johnson with another season of The Thick Of It. And there must be... You know, there must... It is the-
- ADAndrew Doyle
I think he said he could never do The Thick Of It again. There was an article a couple years ago, because of, because he says things have got too surreal.
- CWChris Williamson
Well, yeah, there we go. But do you... You know what I mean? Like, to me it looks like the perfect breeding ground. The current political climate is the perfect breeding ground for some comedy and some satire.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, yeah, of course. Yeah. It's, it's ideal. Um, p- people often say that to me, it's like, "Isn't it hard to satirize?" Like people like Trump who, who is self-satirizing. The funniest things said about Trump are by himself, right?
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
They're on his Twitter feed.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs) Yeah, you're right.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You know, I mean, um, two days ago with, uh, Tlaib, you know, the, the thing about Rashida Tlaib, who'd, um, who writes... Sorry, I'm talking politics again, but she-
- CWChris Williamson
It's fine, fair enough.
- 29:06 – 31:47
Playing by their rules
- CWChris Williamson
Um, one of the things that I've been thinking about when seeing the way that... We recently had Zuby on the show.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
Um, because of this weird game playing-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... that the left's done with, uh, language and social constructs and things like that.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
To me, what it appears to have allowed are very clever people to game that system-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Right.
- CWChris Williamson
... and Zuby's tweet about, um, breaking the woman's deadlift record-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... "PS I identified as a woman, don't be a bigot."
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
That is a perfect example of re-gaming this... The, the little gaps that have been created-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah. Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... by the left in that.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
Is that one of the, one of the things that you think that, um, is helping us to identify where there's inconsistencies within their views and stuff like that?
- ADAndrew Doyle
I think ridicule is what does it best of all.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And, and, and part of the way you do that is you take on board their language.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
The problem with that is you find yourself tempted to play their... them by their rules. So when they talk about privilege and all of th-... I've seen this happen a lot. When there's an argument about privilege, and they often throw out this idea of white privilege, this blanket idea that if you're white, you are inherently privileged, which of course is not true. Uh, some white people are privileged, some aren't-
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... right? In all sorts of ways. There's all kinds of ways you can be privileged, right? It's not just to do with race, ethnicity and sexuality. Um, but yeah, so you end up with a situation where, um...... people buy into the victimhood thing, and they'll say, "Okay. I've been accused of being privileged, so how can I come back and say, 'Actually, you know, I, I went to a rough school. I we- grew up on an estate. I did..." Righty, righty, right? And then you're getting into this com- You're playing their rules-
- CWChris Williamson
Yes.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... back at them, and that's probably not healthy, you know?
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You can do it. Like, you can... And when they fall foul of their own rules, which they often do, right? Did you see the, the Democrat conference in America where someone made a point of personal privilege, yeah?
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And the point of personal privilege w- was, "Guys, can you just keep the voi- noise down? Because I'm very sensitive, I get sensory overload and I get triggered." Then someone said, "Point of personal privilege back to that point of personal privilege. Uh, don't say 'guys.' That's gendered language, I'm really offended by that. Don't do that." So you have people calling out each other's calling out. It's like this endless inception of wokeness, right?
- 31:47 – 34:20
Push and pull
- ADAndrew Doyle
game.
- CWChris Williamson
So that's, that's something that I've been... I've got written down here as something that I totally can't work out, but you're gonna help me do.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Okay.
- CWChris Williamson
You may have been in a relationship, but a lot of listeners will have been, where your partner brings up a particular issue.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
You don't care about this issue.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Okay.
- CWChris Williamson
That you spoke to that girl, or, um, you didn't reply in time, or you're, you were late, or something like that.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yes.
- CWChris Williamson
And that's not an issue that you usually would do, but they set a precedent by doing that.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
And then what you find yourself doing, next time that something happens that you find them culpable for that same thing for-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... is you go, "Hang on a second, are you talking to that guy?"
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
"I didn't care, and I still don't care, but I'm going to use the opportunity to identify your inconsistency-"
- ADAndrew Doyle
Okay. Yeah, that's fine.
- CWChris Williamson
"... straight off the bat."
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
And that push and pull-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... that happens in relationships, I think is very similar to what's happening here.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
And I almost think that looking at the way that the left has, kind of, adopted this... The way that, uh, Andy Ngo was assaulted in the street-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... and they're taking bike lots around and throwing milkshakes at people. You know, that would have been a characteristic of the right previously.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Oh, absolutely.
- CWChris Williamson
A very aggressive approach.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Right.
- CWChris Williamson
And it's almost like they're, um, absorbing, taking on that persona, that push and pull thing. And then you think well, hang on a second. If you keep on doing that as the left and throwing bike locks around, there are some people on the right who have got very, very large guns.
- 34:20 – 37:43
Antifascists
- ADAndrew Doyle
there's hardly any fascists out there, so the assumption-
- CWChris Williamson
It's like being an anti-dog shagger.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, exactly, exactly. You don't declare that, do you?
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You don't declare that you don't have a predilection to penetrate livestock, do you?
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
Do you? I don't know.
- CWChris Williamson
No. (laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
And I wouldn't assume that you would have.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You know? Although now we're talking about it, my suspicions are... No, you see... But look... And I see it on Twitter all the time, "Anti-fa-..." "Proud anti-fascist." Like, you don't need to tell me that.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And it makes me suspicious, right? (laughs)
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm. What you're projecting about.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, exactly.
- CWChris Williamson
It's the same as the, the people who... There's a statistic somewhere that Yousef, one of the co-hosts of the show has put out.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
People that are very, very, sort of, vitriolic about, um, being against gays-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... are the ones that are most aroused when they see, like-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, there's been studies into that.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
There's been studies. I mean, they, they literally measured the extent of people's arousal-
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... you know, to... Like, how hard they got, basically.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
On the b- And, and it tended to be when, when the, the most overtly homophobic people watched gay porn.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
It's so... It's... But it's such a no-brainer.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- 37:43 – 40:31
Trump hangover
- ADAndrew Doyle
It was unjust. Um, what they should've done, now obviously all this stems from an ar- from an article he wrote, or a couple of articles he wrote for Quillette.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
What you do in that case, if you disagree with a journalist, is you go up to them and say, "Oh, I disagree with this. Can we have a discussion about it?"
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
That's it. And as soon as you hit someone on the basis of, "Oh, they are normalising," uh, "supremacist language or discourse," you, you know, you over-theorize to justify your own violent acts.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And it can't be justified.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, and it's really, really sad that we've got to this point where this is happening.
- CWChris Williamson
Is all of this just reaction? Is it still this big hangover from Trump being elected?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Partly. I mean, I'm sure there's a frustration, um, about it. Trump, I s- I suppose, was the start of it, wasn't it? The... And because people just decided that he was a fascist 'cause they didn't really know what fascist meant. Um, you know, he said a lot of stuff that I find contemptible, and a, a lot of stuff that I think you would be hard pushed. I think when he talked about Ilhan Omar and the squad, you know, and said, "Send them home," or they can go, they should just go home, I mean, three of the four were born in America, they were born in America, and the fourth is a US citizen anyway, right? It's difficult for me to see how that can be, uh, interpreted as anything other than a racist trope, actually.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, so, but this does not necessarily mean he's a white supremacist. That's a massive leap-
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... uh, to make. Um, again, I'd need the evidence on it. But yeah, I think, I think that's the problem, is that there's a sense of frustration. People were angry. Uh, understandably so. You know, it's not nice to lose, is it? Um, and it's easier if you can then paint everyone who made that thing happen as evil. If you say that everyone who voted for Trump is as deplorable, as Hillary Clinton re- so memorably did, and that worked out really well for her, didn't it? Um, then of course you, you go on the offensive and you end up guaranteeing Trump's victory in 2020. That's what you do. That's what they've done.
- CWChris Williamson
What would you predict?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Well, he's definitely gonna win.
- CWChris Williamson
You reckon?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, I mean, the, well, he's playing a very smart game because he's putting the s- the squad, the four Democrat, uh, politicians who play identity politics all the time, so Ilhan Omar, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, uh, Ayanna Pressley and, and, uh, Rashida Tlaib, who are never gonna play well with the electorate 'cause they're always going on about grievance and intersectionality and, and white privilege and all that sort of stuff. That doesn't win votes. Never has and never will. Um, and what Trump is doing is he constantly talks about them to make them the face of the Democrat Party. So people like Nancy Pelosi-
- CWChris Williamson
It's giving them enough rope.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah. N- but the people like Pelosi are hating this. Like, she, she, she wants to distance herself from, from these four.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
But when you think Democrat, now you think uber woke, crazy identitarians, right?
- CWChris Williamson
(coughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
And that's largely because of Trump and because the way he puts them at cen- at the center. So it's a smart tactical move. Um, the Democrats need to distance themselves from this kind of politics. Identity politics never works. And what's so funny about it-
- CWChris Williamson
Why, why doesn't it work?
- 40:31 – 42:15
Worker movement
- CWChris Williamson
- ADAndrew Doyle
Because it divides everyone up.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
It says, uh, you know, "You, you stay in your lane over here. You stay in your lane. We're gonna s- we're gonna really help you. We'll help the Hispanics, we'll help the gays, we'll help the women," you know, with the... And, and everyone is like, "What about us? What about us?" You know? And then it becomes competing-
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... uh, com- uh, competing interests. Um, you can only win, um, an election by unity, by, by saying that we are doing what's best for absolutely everyone.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And because the woke movement is essentially a movement that, that rehabilitates racial thinking, it makes us think about race more, it makes us think about sexuality, and it makes us, uh, aware to the point of discrimination, and it, and it, and it separates us all out. Uh, and it, it wa- it wants to undo the work of the civil rights movements. It wants to undo the work of Martin Luther King. It wants us no longer to thi- to think about content of character but to think about color of skin. Uh, so it's a regressive backward movement. Um, it isn't helpful for human rights. It feeds the far right. It helps the far right. The far right is on the rise. They're still thankfully a very fringe group, but they are on the rise because of the woke movement, because of the woke left giving them all the ammunition they need.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Okay? Because if you constantly say that all these working class white people, "You're just privileged. All you boys, you're just rapists in waiting. Uh, you know, you've got toxic masculinity. You should be ashamed of yourself," all of this sort of stuff, and then you've got the alt-right, white nationalist group saying, "Well, come, come to us, then. We're not gonna treat you like that."
- CWChris Williamson
It becomes a, it becomes an almost moderate and attractive-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Exactly.
- CWChris Williamson
... pla- place to be.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Exactly, and that's a really terrifying prospect for me. The main reason I attack the woke left is because I'm scared of the f- the rise of the far right. That genuinely frightens me, um, because whereas the woke left are well intentioned on the whole, I think they're well intentioned. They want, they want the world to get a place. They're just in a cult so they can't see the reality of it, right?
- 42:15 – 44:44
Its not evil
- ADAndrew Doyle
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
You know, it's like anyone in a cult. They c- they, they're believing, they believe it, right? It's not evil. They, they, they see the world as, uh, full of fascists. They see the world as full of injustice.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And they want to do something about it. That's a laudable aim. The problem is the world isn't full of fascists, and they just end up hitting people with bike locks-
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
... because they vote the wrong way, right? So-
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
So that's, that's, that's the pro- and what all of that does is generate all of this resentment, and, and to- it's a gift, it's a boon to the genuine, like, really vile white supremacist alt-right-... just, just repugnant people-
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... who can thrive on this stuff. What, you know, that's ... I mean, as far as I can see, the only way to get beyond that is to, is to, is to take down the woke left, to make it okay to mock them again, to, to, to, to restore reasonable political conversation. That's what we need to do.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
It's so important.
- CWChris Williamson
There must be ... So there's a, a really interesting, um, podcast, Eric Weinstein on Joe Rogan.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Okay.
- CWChris Williamson
And Eric is-
- ADAndrew Doyle
I've seen Joe Rogan's podcasts a lot, but I haven't seen that, that one.
- CWChris Williamson
So Eric is the, um, managing director of Thiel Capital, Peter Thiel, one of the PayPal, Matthew's-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... uh, companies, and he is fairly widely regarded as one of the smartest p- people, like public intellectuals on the planet.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
Um, and he has this really interesting point he makes about how, um, the moderates on both the left and the right are allowing the extremists of that side to do all of the work for them-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, exactly.
- CWChris Williamson
... and that by not shouting up as someone who is moderate left and saying, "Hang on a second. That's wrong." Or by being moderate right and saying, "Hang on a second. That's also wrong." Like Charlottesville, Charlottesville is wrong-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
... whatever it might be. You are ... He, he says it with much more nuance than this, but he says essentially you're supporting it by not-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
By saying, "Oh, well, you can, you can go out." Like, it's the vanguard of your, uh, particular political leaning.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
Push them forward a little bit.
- 44:44 – 47:50
Moderates
- CWChris Williamson
him in traffic.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Right. That's a very different, uh, uh ... It's important 'cause I'm ... I think peaceful protest is the way all the time. Peaceful protest and ridicule. Um, but yeah, certainly. So, so, sorry, to go back to the point. Sorry, I've missed it. I've, I've gone on a different angle.
- CWChris Williamson
Uh, the extremes, extremes pulling in, uh, for the, for the moderate people.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah. Well, I think that goes back to what Bridget was saying, doesn't it, is that when a movement gets characterized by its worst elements, that's a problem.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
In the way that, uh, Islam, for instance, has been mischaracterized by its most reactionary elements.
- CWChris Williamson
100%.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Uh, you get the same thing here, where, uh, suddenly you think of the left ... I mean, if I say the left, what do you think of? You think of these screeching offense seekers, don't you?
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You think of the-
- CWChris Williamson
Purple hair.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah. You think of the worst ... Well, actually that's not what being on the left means, you know? It's, it's, uh, and, and that's a real shame. So I think, yeah, I think we need to restore moderation. I think we need to be ... Uh, we need to stop having fealty to ideology so that we can say, "Yeah, broadly speaking, my principles are left wing, but that, that, that you've just said, this right-winger has said this interesting thing, which I might take on board and actually I might adopt as well."
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, and then, and restore the nature of the individual. The individual is sovereign, as John Stuart Mill said. Like, the ... It, it matters what you think. You have to, you have to be a free thinker, not let other people do your thinking for you.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, and that's where we've got to where people don't, they don't do that anymore.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Like if, if, if you, if you were on the left, say, and you told me one of your principles, I could pretty much guess what all your other views are. And that should never be the case.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You should surprise me now and then with what you think.
- CWChris Williamson
Did you see Jordan Peterson on GQ?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Nope.
- CWChris Williamson
This interview is fantastic. I'll send you it for you, for you to ...
- ADAndrew Doyle
Oh, wait. With Helen Lewis?
- CWChris Williamson
Maybe.
- ADAndrew Doyle
It was a, it was a, uh, one-to-one interview two hours long?
- CWChris Williamson
Yes. They-
- ADAndrew Doyle
I did. Sorry.
- CWChris Williamson
They tried to take me down. There was lots of options to take you down.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah, sorry.
- 47:50 – 50:25
Hope for the best
- CWChris Williamson
problem of you having faith in people. It's the problem of you ... It literally is. It's the problem of you, uh, hoping for the best in people. And we do this all the time.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Well, it's partly that, but it's also that, um, I can't ... It's a g- it's ... That goes back to the thing about not playing by their rules, right? The one, the, the thing that I get all the time is people telling me what I secretly think.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
That's the one common factor I get it all the time. So, so people will say-
- CWChris Williamson
What do they say you think?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Well, so actually virtually all the major criticisms of me on Twitter, the people who really go for me-
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
... have decided that I have these secret racist thoughts, that I have internalized homophobia, uh, that I, that I ... They ... I, I had one the other day about how I, I ma- what my ... Uh, I don't know. Like, who knows, right? All this stuff is like, um, "You're a right wing. You're a Tory." I get that a lot, a Tory. I've never voted Tory.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
It doesn't matter.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
They know that secretly I have.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
They know my secret thoughts, right?
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And that's a problem. And if I turn around and say, "Yeah, but you secretly think this," then I'm just reducing myself to their level. So what I will always do is take an argument at face value. I'm never gonna assume someone's lying about their argument for, for, for whatever reason, because the argument will be demolished irrespective of the truth behind it.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You can, you can defeat a bad argument-... whether the person is sincere about it or not.
- CWChris Williamson
I understand.
- ADAndrew Doyle
So that, I think, is a much better strategy. Um, and I'm sure there are people who are paid for extreme opinions, you know?
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
I, I, I think we all know who we're talking about, right? People, you know, p- who will put extreme opinions out there because it gets them clickbait.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You know? Um, but the argument either stands or falls on its own merit. It doesn't really matter whether they mean it or not.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, and also, you can't demolish the argument by assuming they don't mean it, because you've got no evidence for that.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
That's just your speculation.
- CWChris Williamson
They've got to defeat you on its own terms-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- 50:25 – 53:36
Dont apologize
- ADAndrew Doyle
Well, every time someone does that, it gives more power to the woke movement. Uh, and it gives, it gives that sort of Twitter mob the, the upper hand. Because it means they know it works.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
It's like capitulating to terrorists. You know, once you, once you do it, they know it works and they'll do it again and again and again, and we've seen it all the time. People are forced to apologize for things they said years ago.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Things that probably weren't even that offensive.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
That's not offensive. That's an opinion.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
So, and if he r- either he believed it or he didn't, right? If he believed it, stand by it.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You know? I mean, sure, you can change your mind about stuff.
- CWChris Williamson
In three days.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Unlikely.
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs) To that degree of-
- ADAndrew Doyle
What, what you're actually having is a lot of pressure from, you know... I mean, people can say to him... But maybe someone sat him down and said, "oh, think about this, think about this," and he did change his mind. That's possible, right?
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, even in that case, I would advise not apologizing.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Because it just feeds the beast.
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You know? I don't... We saw this with Kevin Hart and the Oscars for, for jokes he tweeted eight years ago, 10 years ago, something like that.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
And they were jokes. It doesn't matter if they're offensive. They were jokes. I, I don't care. Uh, so, uh, again, apolo- but good for him, he didn't apologize. He said, "I ap-," he said, "I apologized at the time, I'm not gonna keep apologizing for this."
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah.
- ADAndrew Doyle
You know? Uh, I just-
- CWChris Williamson
Did you s- did you see the, um, Liam Neeson thing about, was it in February time?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
Where he said that his, uh, close family member had been, uh, sexually assaulted-
- ADAndrew Doyle
I did see this.
- CWChris Williamson
... by a black guy.
- 53:36 – 1:04:44
Gender discussion
- CWChris Williamson
you get-
- ADAndrew Doyle
Right, but that... And the point he was raising is a, is a, is a discussion we need to have, right? The question about gender is a discussion we absolutely need to have.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
So anyone who knows anything about gender and has read, uh, sort of theories of gender, gender is not, as the woke movement claim, a social construct. It is a, a very, very complicated, uh, combination of social and biological factors, right? And the problem is that their faith-based position about gender, uh, has be- has been adopted, particularly in Canada, for instance, by governments. Um, and actually, we need to have a much bigger discussion before these sort of policies are, are adopted. We need to actually talk about and decide whether they're right or not. It's not correct, um, that, that, uh, gender is solely something to do with culture. Largely... I mean, certainly the, the obvious example is that you dress boys in blue and girls in pink, whereas in fact, you know, go back 100, 200 years, it was the reverse, right?
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
So those things are arbitrary.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Um, feminism, second-wave feminism, spent years trying to break down the idea of, of, of gender norms and gender stereotyping, right? What's wrong with a boy being effeminate? Wh- wh- why do you start questioning and saying, "Well, let's, let's... Maybe he's a girl."
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
No, maybe he's an effeminate boy-
- CWChris Williamson
Yeah. (laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
... and that's okay. What's wrong with a girl being a tomboy, being butch? What, like, what... There's some-
- CWChris Williamson
Do you remember, do you remember tomboys?
- ADAndrew Doyle
Yeah.
- CWChris Williamson
'Cause tomboys haven't been around, as far as I can remember, for about 10 years.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Well, well, in fact, the recent, uh, play of the, um... Was it a Enid Blyton play? Was it Malory Towers, even? And they cast a, uh, j- um, non-binary actor to play the tomboy character.
- CWChris Williamson
Okay.
- ADAndrew Doyle
It was an Emma Rice production. Now that, this says, this says a lot, that it's almost like the concept of a, of a, of a butch girl is now something we don't understand anymore.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
No, no, no, it's a boy in a girl's body.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
This is deeply conservative.
- CWChris Williamson
Mm-hmm.
- ADAndrew Doyle
Right? It's, it's hugely conservative. I saw a, um, a documentary about trans kids, where the, the parents were talking about their... They've g- they said that, "We've got this little girl now and we're so happy because we don't have to watch our little boy mincing about like a," basically-
- CWChris Williamson
(laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
... like a little gay. Right? So we fixed him. We fixed the problem.
- CWChris Williamson
Oh my God. (laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
You know? And it-
- CWChris Williamson
That's so... (laughs)
- ADAndrew Doyle
N- no, it said, i- i- a- an- and without-
Episode duration: 1:16:22
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