Modern WisdomWhy Is No One Talking About Existential Risk? | Mara Cortona | Modern Wisdom Podcast 229
At a glance
WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT
Humanity on a Knife Edge: Technology, X-Risk, and Our Responsibility
- Chris Williamson and Mara Cortona discuss existential risk (species-level threats) versus global catastrophic risks (mass death and severe suffering without full extinction), arguing that human-made threats now vastly outweigh natural ones.
- They explore why society responds strongly to some risks (like climate change) but largely ignores others (engineered pandemics, misaligned AI), emphasizing broken communication systems, politicization, and our evolved inability to think beyond small social circles and short time horizons.
- Cortona argues that technological development, driven and governed by a small technological and policy elite, will matter far more than individual consumer behavior, and that we need a rigorous rethinking of morality around real-world impact and effectiveness.
- They conclude that individuals should focus on deep self-examination, consciously designed lives, and aligning personal ambitions with the long-term well-being of the “macro-organism” of humanity, while pressing those with disproportionate power—particularly in tech, policy, and space—to act responsibly.
IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING
5 ideasDifferentiate existential risks from catastrophic but non-extinction scenarios.
Existential risks threaten the permanent destruction or irreversible crippling of human potential, while global catastrophic risks involve mass death and drastic quality-of-life collapse without necessarily ending the species. The latter are more probable and nearer term, and often more motivating for public concern.
Human-made risks now dominate over natural background threats.
Asteroids, supervolcanoes, and natural pandemics exist but have low annual probability; our own technologies—climate change, engineered pathogens, nuclear war, misaligned AI, nanotech—have rapidly amplified risk, making this century unusually dangerous compared with our species’ past.
Our evolved psychology is poorly suited to civilization-scale problems.
We are wired for tribes of ~150 people (Dunbar number), concrete stories, and short-term incentives, not for abstract trillions of future lives or century-scale risk models. This mismatch explains why COVID-19, climate, and AI safety struggle to get rational, coordinated responses.
Relying on mass persuasion alone is unrealistic; structural and technological solutions are crucial.
Cortona argues we are unlikely to “sway the masses” into the right behaviors at scale—especially when many are in survival mode or misinformed. Instead, the actions of a relatively small technological, corporate, and policy elite, plus better tech (e.g., clean energy, alt-proteins, biosecurity tools), will drive real risk reduction.
We need a new, impact-focused moral framework.
Traditional intuitions about goodness focus on visible, local help and warm feedback loops. Cortona suggests shifting toward evaluating actions by measurable outputs and effectiveness (e.g., bed nets for malaria, Gates-style philanthropy), even when they feel less emotionally satisfying.
WORDS WORTH SAVING
5 quotesWe’re at the point where natural background risks are far outweighed by the anthropic risks precipitated and accelerated by our own activity.
— Mara Cortona
I’d say the number one existential risk is really communication. It underlies our responses to all of the others.
— Mara Cortona
We are at the perfect junction between having enough power to severely neuter our future and nowhere near enough wisdom to corral that power.
— Chris Williamson
It’s not going to be something where we sway the masses. With virtually every existential risk, it’s going to come down to the actions of a few people in power.
— Mara Cortona
It is your duty to be everything that you can… a positive pathogen that spreads to the people around you.
— Chris Williamson
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