$20B AI CEO: The ONLY trait for success in the AI era | Aravind Srinivas, Co-founder of Perplexity
EVERY SPOKEN WORD
45 min read · 8,507 words- 0:00 – 1:08
Teaser
- MMMarina Mogilko
So if you were 18 today in the US and had to start all over again, would you still do a bachelor's, PhD?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Realistically, it's gotten [beep] .
- MMMarina Mogilko
This is Aravind, CEO and founder of Perplexity, a $20 billion company challenging giants like OpenAI, Google, and Meta. They just released Comet, the first AI browser that thinks and act for you.
- ASAravind Srinivas
It also understands you, your needs, your budget, everything, it has memory.
- MMMarina Mogilko
I tried it myself, and wow! It can book meetings, reply to emails, research products, even shop online, all without me.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Amazon has AI do the recommendation ranking. Google has AI to do the search ranking, so they can influence things for, and manipulate you to buying stuff. But for the first time, you have an AI in your hands. It actually protects you, it actually gives you power against the big tech.
- MMMarina Mogilko
But while AI gives you unprecedented power, it's also reshaping the world of work faster than anyone expected. And it looks like those entry-level jobs are disappearing, right? So what do you think is gonna happen?
- ASAravind Srinivas
I certainly think so. Like, people need to push further.
- MMMarina Mogilko
So is there still opportunity, or is it time to rethink everything? [upbeat music] Hello, everyone.
- 1:08 – 2:20
The 3 qualities that helped Perplexity grow from $0 to $20B in just 3 years
- MMMarina Mogilko
Welcome to Silicon Valley Girl. It is the first time that I have a repeated guest on my podcast, and your progress has been tremendous. We did a podcast with Aravind, the founder of Perplexity, in November 2023. The company's valuation back then was $500 million, now it's around...
- ASAravind Srinivas
Actually, we, we, we were just closing our series B around then.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
So it was more like $150, and we're just about to close a round at $520.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Okay. And now it's-
- ASAravind Srinivas
So, uh, yeah
- MMMarina Mogilko
... $20 billion?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah, roughly.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Okay, can you describe this period of time in one word? [chuckles]
- ASAravind Srinivas
Exponential.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Exponential?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Uh, w- what do you think has played a tremendous role in this exponential growth?
- ASAravind Srinivas
I think, uh, our constant urge for, like, like, shipping fast, yet maintaining the quality. Our, uh, relentlessness. Like, I, I love the word relentless. In fact, I wanted to buy the domain relentless.com-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm
- ASAravind Srinivas
... except I figured it was owned by, uh, Jeff Bezos.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Really?
- ASAravind Srinivas
So, uh, if you actually type relentless.com on your browser, it will redirect to amazon.com.
- MMMarina Mogilko
[chuckles]
- ASAravind Srinivas
He's an investor in, in our company. That, that, that, that's, like, the spirit of the company. We, we don't ever give up. We are very curious.
- 2:20 – 3:44
How to grow 3700% in a single year
- ASAravind Srinivas
Uh, we constantly keep asking questions on how to improve the product. The first thing I do when I wake up is, uh, read everything people are... all the users are saying on different social platforms. I make sure most of the bugs are immediately attended to. And you may think, like: Oh, what really comes out of this process of waking up every day and just bug fixing and triaging and, like, trying to, like, you know, identify places for improvement? But we really believe in the mantra of, like, 1.01 to the power 365 is 37.78.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Can you explain? [chuckles]
- ASAravind Srinivas
Okay, so-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm
- ASAravind Srinivas
... if you do a 1% improvement every day, uh, how much do you improve at the end of the year? You improve, uh, 3700%.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Does it-
- ASAravind Srinivas
You don't improve, like-
- MMMarina Mogilko
-sense, yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... 1% multiplied by 365.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
That's the concept of the exponential.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Um, it compounds. Uh, and, uh, so it, it may look like small steps every day, but as the changes propagate to a larger scale of users, they bring in more users, uh, through word of mouth. Uh, and then those users are, like, experiencing all the improvements you're making. Uh, people feel great using a product that, you know, you used last week and then, uh, use it, like, a two, couple of weeks later, and it feels much more different, much faster, much cleaner, much more accurate. So then people start trusting... We, we earn the user's trust through our accuracy, our speed of improvement.
- MMMarina Mogilko
And your marketing,
- 3:44 – 5:58
The role of brand awareness: why Perplexity partnered with Formula 1
- MMMarina Mogilko
Formula 1, Tailwang. Have you seen the spikes after, like, Formula 1 and when the episode went live?
- ASAravind Srinivas
It's hard to attribute to these kind of brand partnerships.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
See, it's very easy to attribute... You, you run some ads on Instagram or YouTube, uh, and, like, there's a clear call to action button in terms of, you know, going to the App Store or Play Store and getting it installed, and then, uh, looking at, like, how many queries that translated to, or whether that user ended up subscribing to the app. It's very easy to track this and optimize the funnels. It's much harder to optimize, okay, like, if Lewis Hamilton has Perplexity on his helmet, how many people are actually going and installing the app after a Formula 1 race?
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Uh, it's pretty difficult to track that.
- MMMarina Mogilko
It is.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Best way to track that is, like, brand awareness. Like, oh, like, are people in the UK or people who typically are in the Formula 1 crowd, are they more aware of Perplexity now? Uh, and I think that should be the case. Uh, we have run some basic studies, uh, but the, the core idea there is honestly to, um, associate our s- our brand with some of the greatest people of all time.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Wow.
- ASAravind Srinivas
You know, like Steve Jobs ran this famous, uh, Think Different campaign, right? He got the inspiration from, uh, Nike, because Nike celebrated great athletes. So that's why in the ad you see Einstein, you see Gandhi, you see all these, like, like, you know, uh, the Beatles. Like, you see all the people who really inspired Steve. Um, and so that's one thing we, we've been pretty intentional about, like, who we wanna associate with in terms of the brand. Uh, like, at least in sports, uh, Lewis Hamilton is one of the greatest of all time. He's considered the greatest of all time-
- MMMarina Mogilko
He is, yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... uh, in Formula 1. And so that's why we, we did that brand partnership, and we're also gonna be doing more, uh, uh, like, like, particularly, you know, in F1... Um, it's a pretty cerebral sport. Like, e- everyone's attracted by all the hospitality and, like, the race cars and, like, you know, it's a very high, high-adrenaline thing, but, but, but fundamentally, the sport is largely engineering-oriented.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Like, who has the best engine? Who has... Who, who's licensing, uh, whose engines? Like, I think it's all about constructors, like, competing for, like, who has the best cars. And, and, and, and skill still matters, conditions matters, tires matters. Like, like, everything matters, so-... uh, we, we do see, like, a lot of people asking these kind of questions on, on the app.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Two years ago, when I
- 5:58 – 7:37
The tool every founder should know
- MMMarina Mogilko
first interviewed Aravind, Perplexity was valued at around one hundred and fifty million dollars. Today, it's a twenty billion dollar company that competes with Google for our search queries. So how do you scale like Aravind? You start by making sure that every customer touchpoint work as hard as you do, and that starts with email. Because when you're building from the ground up, you're not just the founder, you're also the marketer, support team, and ops lead all in one. In our company, twenty-one percent of sales come directly from email marketing, so keeping that channel strong is non-negotiable. That's why I can recommend a platform called Omnisend. It's an all-in-one platform for email, SMS, pop-ups, push notifications, and segmentation. With one hundred and fifty thousand businesses using it, Omnisend isn't just a tool, it's how we build real relationships and drive revenue. Here's what I love most: pricing. You can start for free and only scale up when your business does. You're never paying for features you don't need yet, which is huge for small teams. I love their support. Even on the free plan, you get twenty-four/seven customer service with real humans. I've used it myself. Average response time is under three minutes. And third, the platform is clean and intuitive, something that we need, as, you know, people who are doing it all. If you're sending a launch email, just choose your campaign type. Write a short, punchy subject, like, "My worst business mistake that cost me millions." Fill in your info, pick a template, customize, hit Send, and you're done. So whether you're launching AI tools like Aravind or doing something completely different, email is still the engine of growth, and Omnisend makes it effortless. Check out the link in the description and use code SVGIRL30 to get thirty percent off your first three months. All right, back to the interview.
- 7:37 – 8:06
The first AI-powered browser
- MMMarina Mogilko
There was this huge spike in queries in June compared to May.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Mm-hmm.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Can you attribute that to something? What happened?
- ASAravind Srinivas
I don't know if it happened in June or July, but definitely we, we grew a lot in the last couple of months. Actually, the, the main event that happened in July that I would say is fundamentally, you know, led to growth is, like, our, our release of our agentic browser, Comet. For the first time, you could have a browser that can actually think with you and, and, and take actions on your behalf, and, like, actually go and do stuff.
- MMMarina Mogilko
I have Comet right here.
- 8:06 – 10:42
Aravind demonstrates a killer Comet feature
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Can you show one killer feature that you think everyone should start using on Comet?
- ASAravind Srinivas
I love this thing because it's a, it's a very simple thing, but it kind of always works. Um, you know, if you wanna go to... There's some video I remember I watched before, but I, I don't know exactly what it is-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
-and I can search for it with just simple, natural language and ask it to just open and play from that exact moment. So, for example, there's a video where, uh, Jensen Huang says, uh, "I would rather, uh, torture people to greatness than fire them." Um, can you find it and play it for, play it from, play it for me, uh, from that exact moment? So the point here is not that it can do a video search or anything like that. It's how it does multi-step reasoning, finds the video, pulls the transcript, and actually opens the tab and starts playing.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Wow!
- ASAravind Srinivas
That, that, that was the phrase that I was, I was hoping to-
- MMMarina Mogilko
And then you can chat with this video.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Exactly.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Something that I did yesterday-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah
- MMMarina Mogilko
... when I was watching one of your interviews.
- ASAravind Srinivas
For example, there's-- I... There are a lot of other videos here. I could go here. This is, like, one hour long. I could literally say, like, "What are some, uh, um, non-trivial things, uh, Jensen said in this interview?" Something like that, right? Like, I, I don't wanna watch everything happening. Maybe he's saying a lot of things, and he's repetitively saying that AI is gonna explode, blah, blah, blah, but I only wanna know new things.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
And so it's reading all the transcripts. It's particularly talking about, um, the, the, you know, GPUs as time machines. Like, he-- I've never heard him say that, GPUs as time machines. Um, and of course, like, scale and flexibility, um, science to application, omniverse was costly. So the... I can actually say, "Can you, can you just share this as an email?" I don't know if you're connected to your team.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Ah, yeah, yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Uh, can you send this as an email to, uh, Aravind Srinivas, uh, the, the founder and CEO of Perplexity? You can actually even edit it. You can, you can, you're gonna add, say, uh, S- send from Comet or something like that. And, uh, you can even refine the email if you want, and you can just send it-
- MMMarina Mogilko
And send-
- ASAravind Srinivas
And it's done
- MMMarina Mogilko
-right from there.
- ASAravind Srinivas
You don't have to open...
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
You don't have to copy-paste this. You don't have to open this tab. You're gonna have to, like, compose email, all this. This is just one example. You could also schedule meetings from here. You could, say, order the leather jacket Jensen's wearing from e- from, from your Amazon. It's gonna find it. Of course, it's gonna be pretty expensive, so it's not gonna place the order directly. So it, it, it's gonna do a lot of these, like, multi-step things.
- MMMarina Mogilko
What's gonna happen
- 10:42 – 11:20
How Comet is changing paid advertising forever
- MMMarina Mogilko
to businesses who survive on paid ads? Is it gonna skip paid ads, or how is it gonna research information about what product to buy?
- ASAravind Srinivas
So you can, uh, instruct your Comet assistant to say, like: I want you to just skip all the ads. When you're tasking Comet to go watch YouTube for you, uh, you can task Comet to say, "Ignore all the ads, just get me the core sense of what the, the content is about." You could ask Comet to say, like, uh: Go look at, like, favorite, uh, Instagram influencers of airing, and go read the reviews of all of them, and then, um, tell me what, what's best for me based on what you already know about me, and, and, and go buy
- 11:20 – 14:18
What businesses MUST do to survive in the era of AI agentic browsers
- ASAravind Srinivas
it for me.
- MMMarina Mogilko
So how can businesses optimize for that experience?
- ASAravind Srinivas
I would say that what businesses should really do is, like, like, really focus on just building a great product and get a lot of people to talk about it-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Like reviews, right?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Because Perplexity reads reviews-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah, exactly
- MMMarina Mogilko
... watches videos.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
So get as much content-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Of course
- MMMarina Mogilko
... for your product as possible, right?
- ASAravind Srinivas
The, the solution shouldn't be to, like, paying people to, like, write great things about you-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... but, but honestly, uh, like, building a great product and getting the word out, and then people, uh, talk about it, rave about it, and then Comet reads all that and, uh, is able to, like-... suggest that to you. That, that, that would be the way to go, in my opinion.
- MMMarina Mogilko
How fast do you think we're gonna switch to asking our AI assistants to buy things for us?
- ASAravind Srinivas
I think you can do that already.
- MMMarina Mogilko
But I mean, like, there's still friction in society, and I remember you were talking about, like, how we're overpaying, I don't know, real estate people, financial advisors. But still, when I think about a person who's in their sixties, who's done it for a while, they're not gonna just switch to AI to do things-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah
- MMMarina Mogilko
... for them.
- ASAravind Srinivas
I'll, I'll tell you an anecdote which kind of convinced me why it's worth building these things. I was once having a haircut, somewhere in Valley, when I used to live there, and, uh, another person was also having a haircut in the same place. And, uh, he was somewhat older, and he was ranting about how he spent his entire day until that haircut, probably three, four hours, just looking for a new washing machine. Because it's a pretty expensive purchase, so you're gonna, like-
- MMMarina Mogilko
You're gonna do your research
- ASAravind Srinivas
... spend a lot of time deciding what to buy, and you've wasted your entire day just reading reviews and watching videos, and, like, scrolling through reviews, and, and you end up getting even more confused than you were at the beginning, right?
- MMMarina Mogilko
Sure.
- ASAravind Srinivas
And, and this is the kind of thing we want Comet to help you with.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Like, make really good decisions really quickly, uh, and delegate all the mundane, uh, cognitive labor to something like Comet. Like, why do you wanna go read all the reviews? Like, it's boring. Like, anyway-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm
- ASAravind Srinivas
... Like, pe- people are paid to write good things, so how do you, like, get the signal from the noise? It's like, you have to consume the reviews across different platforms, not just one platform. I could pay someone to write good reviews on Google Maps, but, um, I couldn't necessarily pay someone to do it on every single platform. I wouldn't be that thoughtful. So definitely, if your product is pretty bad or, or overhyped, then someone's gonna say something negative on, on, on YouTube or Reddit or like-
- MMMarina Mogilko
And Perplexity's gonna see it.
- 14:18 – 15:06
AI can do what I’d pay $1,000 for — instantly
- ASAravind Srinivas
example. I wa- was doing, like, a stage for, uh, like, talk for a pa- partnership with Motorola. I asked Comet, like, to go, um, read all the like, like, you know, talks given by Jensen and Steve Jobs and everything, and also read the current draft, which was written by my comms person, "And then I want you to edit it a little bit to feel a little more grandiose, but I still want to preserve how I speak."
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
"So you watch my interviews, too, and you, you watch these guys' interviews, and you try to blend a little where, you know, I, I wanna say some things that slightly feel more inspiring, but I don't wanna, uh, appear inauthentic."
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
And so, um, uh... And it did a great job, actually. It did such a good job that I was like: Damn, I would have paid someone, like, $1,000 for that.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Let's transition
- 15:06 – 19:09
Monetization that will be disrupted forever
- MMMarina Mogilko
to 2030. What does shopping look like? Everybody has an AI agent-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah
- MMMarina Mogilko
... that they talk to.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yes.
- MMMarina Mogilko
So Amazon app is dead, Walmart app is dead?
- ASAravind Srinivas
I wouldn't say it's dead. Uh, fu- fundamentally, the, the moats for companies like Amazon and Walmart is, is physical real estate, the warehouses-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... the stores, like Walmart's stores.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Uh, and, and like the packaging and, and the supply chain, like, like-
- MMMarina Mogilko
But the app itself-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah
- MMMarina Mogilko
... the shopping experience is gonna be-
- ASAravind Srinivas
The core shopping experience-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... might, might, might not matter. This is essentially what we've been talking about ever since the beginning. It, it doesn't matter if it's Amazon or Google or, or, or Walmart. Uh, I think it's fundamentally, like, what's good for the user, right?
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Like, actually, uh, the founder of Amazon himself says this, like, "You always want a long-term alignment between the customer and the shareholder." And as you said, as a customer, you just said that you don't care about ads, right? Like, you actually don't want-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah, yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... ads.
- MMMarina Mogilko
I want to skip them.
- ASAravind Srinivas
You want, you want what is good for you, so just show me that, and I'll pay you more money.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Uh, and, and that's, that's the kind of relationship you're gonna have with your Comet assistant. Maybe the advertisers are still gonna exist. It's not like a complete end of ads. Advertisers might be trying to talk to the agent, not to you.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
But the agent will protect-
- MMMarina Mogilko
But then I can code it to ignore the ads.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Exactly. They... And, and, and that's a handshake, uh, agreement you have with your agent that the advertiser cannot influence or cannot, like, manipulate. And, uh, that's what protects you. Uh, but I do think, like, you might be open to some ads. Like, for example, um, let's say you have an assistant that works in your team, right? Uh, you, you're running a podcast comp like... And, and so maybe there is a, a new microphone that's really good, but not many people know about it. They go and tells the person working on in your team, "Hey, like, can you please tell Silicon Valley Girl to go use the, this, our microphone? Actually, it's pretty good." That's kind of like an ad to you, but it's being, uh, told to you, to your team, uh, and, and, and you trust that person on your team, so you know that that person's not gonna unnecessarily-
- MMMarina Mogilko
They're gonna evaluate-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Exactly
- 19:09 – 20:07
The first time AI actually protects you from Big Tech
- ASAravind Srinivas
user has an AI in their hands for the first time. Until now, AI existed in the hands of the advertising companies. Like, like Amazon has AI do the recommendation ranking. Google has AI to do the search ranking. So they can influence things for, and manipulate you to buying stuff because that's what the advertisers are... Those are the tools being provided to the advertisers to, like, you know, optimize their campaigns. But for the first time, you have an AI in your hands, a COMET assistant-
- MMMarina Mogilko
That works for me.
- ASAravind Srinivas
-that works for you. It doesn't work for the advertiser. It actually protects you. It actually gives you power against them. You have intelligence on your demand to summon and do your bidding based on the prompt, and your memory, and your preferences, and so that's a contract between you and the agent, and that's giving you power against the big tech. Uh, and, and therefore, uh, some of that money can flow back to you for the first time.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
So that, that-
- MMMarina Mogilko
I love that.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
I love the way you think about that.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
I hope everybody who's creating AI agents thinks [chuckles] the way you do.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- 20:07 – 20:54
Which jobs will disappear because of AI
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
What about other jobs? So I asked Perplexity, I asked it to analyse my portfolio.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Okay.
- MMMarina Mogilko
And I asked it whether I should fire my financial advisor, and it was like: "Yes! You should do this immediately." [chuckles] Like, that, that's the first time I saw something that definitive from AI because it said, you know, "This is the strategy he's utilising. He's buying very expensive mutual funds." Like, what's gonna happen to these professions, financial advisors, real estate brokers?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Because Perplexity does it now-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah
- MMMarina Mogilko
... and it created the whole strategy for me-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah
- MMMarina Mogilko
... to rebalance and everything.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah. I've thought about this, actually. The way I think about it is, like, real estate agents, getting the listings on, like, Redfin or Zillow, with, like, a Comet, like, browser or say you just have a recurring task that's running. It's not, it's not yet there, so people who watch this, I'm gonna try it. It doesn't work yet, but um, it's gonna work pretty soon, which is you could just have a task that says
- 20:54 – 22:50
How you can save your job in the AI era
- ASAravind Srinivas
ev-- you know, every morning, just look at all the new listings on Redfin. Uh, you know, these are the preferences I have. I know Redfin kind of already has some of these features, but it's not-- it's very hard-coded, and there's a lot of selector drops, and filters don't really work properly. But you could have something like, "Every time there's a house below a certain budget, uh, and, and that's within this neighbourhood, make sure to, like, send me a push notification, uh, and, and submit an application on my behalf, and schedule a meeting or a visit. You have access to my calendar, everything."
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
You can, you can... So-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Just take-
- ASAravind Srinivas
So if your agent only shows you listings on Redfin and Zillow, I, I think they're useless. But if your agent is doing off-market deals for you, they're still pretty useful because tho- those things do not exist on the web.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Okay.
- ASAravind Srinivas
I feel like having the power of, like, intelligence and compute at your hands, it, it always comes back to that, means you can push, uh, the existing industry to, like, like, work harder for you. Uh, same thing with private wealth management or financial advisors. Like, what are... If the job of the financial advisor is tell you, like, what stocks to buy, then I don't think it's useful. They're not gonna be smarter than Perplexity, which you can go and summon and, and ask it to go read all the, uh, analyst reports in every stock and, like, all the morning day news, and, like, come back to you and tell you, like, the impact in your portfolio. Uh, what would Warren Buffett do with, if, if he had exact- exactly your portfolio? Like, like, it can answer questions like that, that no financial advisor can.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
But if your financial advisor does more stuff for you, like getting you some access to, uh, certain funds, like private equity or hedge funds, or, or access to, like, funds or Citadel or something like that, that you cannot... Or like some start-ups, venture capital, which you cannot get through, uh, just the public markets, then maybe they're useful.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Right? It's all about, like, you have this new power in your hands, so go and ask the people who are actually taking your money to do more work for you, or the contract between you and them ends.
- MMMarina Mogilko
And it looks
- 22:50 – 23:33
Will entry-level jobs disappear entirely?
- MMMarina Mogilko
like those entry-level jobs are disappearing, right? Because they are... An entry-level financial advisor, you're gonna only do, like, managing stocks. What do you think is gonna happen?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah, I, I, I certainly think so. Like, people need to push further. Like, if you're just literally managing portfolio, you're not doing much. Like, I, I have some private wealth managers, too, and, uh, I think the way I use them is, like, like helping me move money around, those kind of things, 'cause I, I don't have time to manage all this myself. There, they help me through, uh, their time, and, and they also give me some, um, advice on, on, like, you know, what to do with stuff, how to save taxes a little bit-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... uh, those kind of things. So your value add should expand further than just managing a portfolio.
- MMMarina Mogilko
If we apply this to any market,
- 23:33 – 26:24
Does education still matter in the AI era — and what it can give you
- MMMarina Mogilko
how can you do this as a recent graduate?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Mm-hmm.
- MMMarina Mogilko
And do you believe people still need to do their PhDs like you did, or-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah
- MMMarina Mogilko
... that era is over? [chuckles]
- ASAravind Srinivas
The fundamental thing you learn in a PhD is, uh, learning to learn. Like, I, I did a lot of research in my PhD, which doesn't matter today, but I got the ability to, like, go learn a new topic, dig deep, understand everything, gather my information, consult, like, whoever is the best, uh, expert, which by the way, is not needed anymore because you have tools like Perplexity. But let's say, you know, you, you, you, you have the ability to ask the right questions.... and then you acquire a certain level of subject expertise to go make decisions and like, you know, branch out. That is what you acquire, that skill.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Is it worth four years?
- ASAravind Srinivas
That's the thing.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
I would say, like, I decided to do a PhD for many reasons. Um, and one of them obviously was my own interest in the topic, but the other was my-- that was my only way to get to America. A lot of Indians come here for masters, um, but you gotta realize that in, in order to come here for masters, you need to be able to fund your own tuition fee. Uh, and I, I didn't have that ability, so PhD, the university pays for you. Masters, you pay the university. So, uh, that was one of my, uh, one, one of my reasons, not the only reason. So obviously, just because someone gives you a free entry ticket to the United States, doesn't mean you should, you should do a PhD because it's a pretty gruelling journey. Uh, so I had a deep passion for the topic. I loved AI, I loved the ability... I, I, I like digging deep into things. I'm, I'm fundamentally, like, curious about, you know, learning deep- deeply about any topic. So those are attributes that you think you align with. I think that journey is very, very, very useful in your life. I don't believe that you need a PhD to be contributing positively to AI as, as a topic, either as a researcher or an engineer or entrepreneur. But I think if you zoom out and think beyond materialistic goals, like, just foundationally as a person, you become a lot more grounded in, like, the, the willingness to seek truth, the relentless questioning, the Socratic method of learning, uh, and, uh, learning to learn.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Uh, and, and, and I feel like these three qualities are, like, like reflective of this proverb or phrase, right? Like, "Give a man a fish, you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, you feed him for a lifetime." Like, that's how I feel about PhD.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Uh, and, and, uh, so that's why I, I would still recommend people to do it if you truly want to be someone, uh, that enjoys, like, learning about new things. Like, maybe I, I can stop doing this thing, and I can still find a new field or a new topic to go, and I, I, I can still bet on myself to, like, learn that and be successful at it.
- MMMarina Mogilko
So if you were eighteen today-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah
- MMMarina Mogilko
... in the US and had to start all over-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Mm-hmm
- MMMarina Mogilko
... again, would you still do a bachelor's, PhD?
- ASAravind Srinivas
I actually came here when I was twenty-two. I finished my undergrad and came here.
- MMMarina Mogilko
But if you
- 26:24 – 28:43
Why he’d Still Do a PhD in the Age of AI
- MMMarina Mogilko
were in the US and you had to start your career from scratch-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Mm-hmm
- MMMarina Mogilko
... what would you do?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Look, I would definitely pursue my interests, but eighteen is too early to know what you're interested in. A lot of people, like, think they know what they're interested in, but I feel, my, my personal opinion is that, uh, eighteen is still pretty early, so I would just pick something and try to do it well. I think people underestimate the importance of, like, having that inner confidence in you to, uh, bet on yourself, that no matter what you do, you can do it well. So unless you've done some things like that in your life already, like, try to actually go and do something. Like, commit yourself to one, one thing, and do it for a sustained period of time, because it's very hard to be good at something if you just do it for, like, a couple of months.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
You need a year or two to actually get really good, like top-notch at something. Uh, it could be programming, it could be math, it could be AI, it could be, like, writing apps. Doesn't matter. It takes time to actually be really, really good. So I would suggest them to, like, like, go deep into something. It could be your undergrad education, it could be, like, finding a, a software job at one of the existing companies. You could start off as an intern if they don't hire you full-time, uh, and then convert and, like, put in the hours. Like, I, I regret, like, watching YouTube video. I, I know you're a YouTuber, so it's kind of weird. [chuckles]
- MMMarina Mogilko
[chuckles]
- ASAravind Srinivas
People are saying... And then we're, we're doing a whole YouTube thing. So yeah, you should watch YouTube and, and, and get knowledge out of it. Uh, but I remember telling, uh, Sundar when I talked to him that, "Hey, like, YouTube's a great app, but I wish you'd focus more on knowledge and learning," and he agreed with me. Because it's not just that, right? Um, so I, I regret how, the amount of time I wasted on YouTube just watching like, useless stuff. When you're very young, just ut- utilize the time, surround yourself with like, like peers who would push you to be better. Learn a lot, like, be a learning machine. Um, or like, like, like, work really, really hard.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Uh, and, um, and then you, you acquire that ability to go and, like, be good at anything. You can bet on yourself. Okay, like, how do you take on hard, hard tasks in life? You can only take it on if you have some confidence that, you know, you can keep persisting if things are not going your way, and, like, you, you, you'll see the light at the end of the tunnel. You have to have had to do it at least once in your life to, to bet
- 28:43 – 30:29
The ONE thing you should bet on to be successful
- ASAravind Srinivas
on yourself for the next, next set of-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Is that where your confidence come, comes from?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah, I've done like-
- MMMarina Mogilko
'Cause you're like, "We're gonna take over Google. We're gonna take over this." [chuckles]
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah, exactly so.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Where does that come from?
- ASAravind Srinivas
I mean, you never know. You don't need to take over like you can just, you know, be successful in your own way. But when you have a competitor like Google, it's very hard to... Like, that's what turns most people off. Like, like, sorry, what turns, turns most people away is, like, uh, how do you, uh, compete in a space where... Okay, let's say when we started, there were some other startups that were trying to do the same thing. They're all not around anymore. Like, they either sold or, like, they pivoted. So as you keep going every stage from the seed round to, like, where we are today, your set of competitors keep, you know, going away, too, and, and you're, like, surviving, surviving, surviving.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
It's like Squid Games. And then, um, finally, you're ending up with in a, in a scenario or the arena where it's just Google, OpenAI, and yourself. And, uh, funding-wise, you know, like, we raised a billion dollars. OpenAI has raised close to, um, eighty billion or seventy billion. Google has, like, a hundred billion in just the cash, and they make two hundred, three hundred billion a year in revenue. So you, you are obviously competing with, like, giant monsters, so you have to, like, bet on yourself to, like, still figure out ways. Despite the whole world screaming at you that you have to sell to Apple, you have to sell to Meta, the game is over, like, you're, it's gonna die in, in a couple of years. I bet, I can bet my entire savings that this company is gonna go to nothing. And you have to be able to read all that and, like, still motivate yourself, and also motivate the people who have trusted you to, like, uh-... be the investors or the employees who are working here. I always see, like, those who take equity in our company, they're basically trusting the leadership and the company to, like, deliver.
- MMMarina Mogilko
What do you tell yourself when you read those comments?
- ASAravind Srinivas
I tell myself that,
- 30:29 – 31:07
The main trait that defines who he is
- ASAravind Srinivas
"I'll prove you wrong."
- MMMarina Mogilko
And it keeps you going?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
That's, that's amazing. Is-- Do you think that's your main trait that made you who you are, your confidence?
- ASAravind Srinivas
One of, one of my important traits. I wouldn't say that's the singular-- I, I would say the single main trait at the end is, uh, it, it's not primal or anything. I, I, I, I generally just like to learn a lot about any topic, and I enjoy the intellectual aspects of it. That's my most important trait, I would say. People have multiple traits, and so do I. And, uh, the survival instinct is definitely, like, something that's, you know, served me very well.
- MMMarina Mogilko
I love that.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
I love it. I-
- ASAravind Srinivas
I mean, immigrants are all survival-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... survivors, right?
- MMMarina Mogilko
[chuckles] We are.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- 31:07 – 33:13
Is he really working 24/7?
- MMMarina Mogilko
Uh, do you still work twenty-four/seven?
- ASAravind Srinivas
No one can work twenty-four/seven.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Well, al- almost-
- ASAravind Srinivas
I-
- MMMarina Mogilko
... the time you're, you're awake.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah, I... Technically, no, I, I spend-- I, I do spend, like, time working out. I do spend time with my family. Uh, so I do work or think about work almost every waking hour. So it's very hard for me to, like, not look at my phone or, like, not check notifications, uh, not be thinking about some problem in my head, uh, zoning out sometimes when someone's talking to me, trying to stay present in the moment. These are all, like, hard things. And so these are the things I would sacrifice in order to, like, do whatever I'm doing really well. People like to think like, "Oh, work is work. After you, uh, go back home, you just shut down Slack and, like, uh, your laptop, you never open it, and you're just, like, staying present in the moment at home." I, I, I cannot do that, and, uh, even on a walk, like, I, I'm thinking about something there's-
- MMMarina Mogilko
You're obsessed
- ASAravind Srinivas
... there's some phone calls.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
So, yeah, if that counts as work, yes. Uh, I mean, I've always... My mom, like, whenever I was young, like, always said, like, uh, "Anything that's not quality, like, time, undistracted time, does not really work."
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
And I, I've always believed that. Like, yes, I can be me- replying on Slack while I'm walking, taking a walk. Uh, that doesn't mean I'm really working. Some people like to count that as hours. And I know, I know E- when Elon says he works well hours a day, I, I'm sure he counts all that. But, uh, it's truly like, like, uh, the time I spend where I'm just looking at the product and thinking how to improve it or, uh, I'm, like, like, talking to some of our people internally on, like, what we can do to, like, grow the app more, or like, what, what are all the new ideas we can put into the app to make it even better? How can we improve the, uh, orchestration of the models even better? How can we reduce the cost? How can we ship new features? What are all the new things we could be doing? Like, those are the times when I think I'm uninterrupted-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm
- ASAravind Srinivas
... state, and I, uh, that, that's where I feel like I can do my best work, and that usually happens during the day. Um, other than that, I'm, I'm mostly just multitasking.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Couple last questions. For all-- everyone who's trying to build something
- 33:13 – 35:23
Top business niches for 2025
- MMMarina Mogilko
in AI, do you think opportunity still exists, uh, aside from... Like, everyone's building a GPT wrapper, [chuckles] right? Uh, do you say there is still opportunity for that, or people should switch, and what are the areas that they should be looking at?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Realistically, it's gotten much harder. Yes, like you, you would wanna build a GPT wrapper because building your own models, like, basically way harder.
- MMMarina Mogilko
It's almost impossible for big-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah, almost impossible
- MMMarina Mogilko
... for anyone.
- ASAravind Srinivas
And, and I, I don't even think people should be looking at it as, like, building a model once. So that, that's the mistake everybody made. It's whoever tried to build models around the time we started, was like: Yeah, how much does it cost to launch? I even had an investor, uh, who now went to Meta, and he's like: "Well, it's gonna cost two hundred thousand dollars to train a GPT-3 model, so why can't you do it? I'll, I'll give you, like, uh, a million, and you, you spend two hundred K on the model." Like, it, it's, it's not about, like, that one model. It's about that relentless exercise of iterating the models, building the next cluster, hiring the talent to go figure out, like, what the next model should be, and continually iterating, bringing down the cost, improving the capabilities, improving the reasoning, all that stuff. That requires a lab and a cluster, and the people, and the, uh, milestones, and, like, some way to, like, uh, actually turn all those models into, like, a product and, and, uh, a business and revenue. And then you end up basically, like, saying: "Oh, you have to build another open AI, another end product." Then what, what are you? Like, why do you need to exist? Like, okay, where is the talent arbitrage? So, uh, that's why I think product is actually at least, you know, a little more statistically probable. Uh, but even there, you have to compete with the likes of the labs themselves, which are building their own products-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... and the big tech companies-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... and, like, up- startups like us, and, and no one's gonna be like: "Oh, Perplexity is just gonna do, uh, research. I can go do the commerce stuff." [chuckles] No, like-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Perplexity is in commerce. [chuckles]
- ASAravind Srinivas
Exactly, right?
- MMMarina Mogilko
Right.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Like, everyone's building horizontal products.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
And, and, and that applies to us, too. "Oh, ChatGPT will never do shopping. ChatGPT will never do travel. Uh, it won't do finance." All that is, like, not true.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Like, everyone's gonna do anything that works.
- 35:23 – 37:00
“Do what you’re truly obsessed about”
- ASAravind Srinivas
So I, I would just say the bet you can make is do what you truly are obsessed about, because, uh, fundamentally, it's a bet on yourself.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
It's not a bet on the market. It's not a bet on, uh, ecosystem, like what competitors will do, will not do. Like, don't try to be this, uh, whiteboard, uh, strategy master. Like, it, it's completely pointless. Like, when, when your idea works and, and gets, like, hundred million or, like, billion in revenue, always expect the existing people to go after it.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Right.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Because everyone's looking for that incremental revenue in AI, because the CapEx is so high. So the only way to justify all this is to actually turn that into, like, business profits.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
And then so they'll go after you. So the only thing you can bet on is whether you're so obsessed about a topic that you will do it anyway, regardless of all the odds stacked against you, and then you'll prove the world wrong because you go so far deep into that, and, and no one cared about the problem more than you did.... and for us, like, for me, like, that's where the whole, you know, you asked me what my most important trait is, like, I love learning, and, and, um, this is one of the best apps for learning. It's designed for us, it's designed for our founders, like, we built it for ourselves. Key bet was everybody in the world loves learning. Everybody in the world loves having an AI that they can summon to go do stuff for them. Everybody wants more time in their lives. So I think, uh, build for yourself. Hopefully, uh, that's a thing that a lot of people in the world want, and therefore you can turn it into a scalable product and, and, and a scalable company.
- MMMarina Mogilko
And get acquired [chuckles] at some stage, I guess. Uh, thank you. That's, that's a great answer.
- 37:00 – 40:25
Aravind’s top 3 favorite apps
- MMMarina Mogilko
My last question: Do you use anything aside from Perplexity in terms of AI apps, and what are your top three favorite then?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Well, uh, as part of my job, I, I am required to use other apps, uh, to see, like, what they are doing better than us, uh, because no one's gonna be best at everything. So I, I, I have all the AI apps on my phone, with, you know, like, like ChatGPT, uh, Grok, Gemini, Claude, almost all of them I have it. Uh, I don't have Copilot and Claude, but maybe mainly because they're not that, that mainstream in terms of consumer distribution. But in terms of organic usage, like I, I do go pretty often and, and try. Uh, I would say I've, I've tested ChatGPT the most, but again, it, it mostly comes down to testing. Uh-
- MMMarina Mogilko
So you don't use any, like, wrapper apps that are specific for, I don't know, nutrition or-
- ASAravind Srinivas
No
- MMMarina Mogilko
... image editing. So if you need something, you will just ask Perplexity and-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah, if, if it doesn't work, I would ask it in ChatGPT.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
And if it doesn't work there also, um... For example, if I need to edit an-- I, I'll just do my usage, right? If I need to do image editing, I've done that. Uh, and if it doesn't work on both ChatGPT and, uh, Perplexity, then I would, I would just write code myself and do it.
- MMMarina Mogilko
I love that. [chuckles]
- ASAravind Srinivas
But that's, that's just me.
- MMMarina Mogilko
But that's you. [chuckles]
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Same thing with, like, uh, search. Like, if it does-- Like, for example, we have an integrated tennis scores, and I love tennis. I, I like following live scores, so I go to Google and, and, you know, get the score. We haven't all done currency conversions all the time. Like, like, we are still working on that, so I use Google for, like, some of the widgets they have. And then sometimes finding these needles in a haystack, like links, we-we're not, like, best product on that yet.
- MMMarina Mogilko
What do you mean by, by links?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Like, there are some really old links on the, like, some blog posts that I'm-- I definitely remember I read it, like, when I was a kid, and Perplexity sometimes helps me find that, but it's very old links. So, um, I still train to use Google with all the macros. Like, I know how to, like, suffix the dates and, like, all that stuff, so that's because we, we grew up like that, right?
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Like, uh, back then, like, Googling was actually a skill. So if you knew how to, like, search for links with those specific phrases-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... and, and, and/or contains and, like, those date suffixes, you can get whatever you want. And that also gives me ideas on how to improve the Perplexity product, too. Like, maybe teach the AI to, like, use some of these macros yourself and then, uh, against your index you're building, and, like, train that to, like, retrieve these things with these keyword arguments. So yeah, so my life, like, I, I think I would mostly say Perplexity, um, Google, ChatGPT, I think these are the three main apps I use. Uh, Midjourney sometimes, uh, because it has a pretty good aesthetic quality in it, and then, um, yeah, I feel like that's it.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Got it. Thank you so much-
- ASAravind Srinivas
I mean, it's a kind of a boring answer, I guess.
- MMMarina Mogilko
But, but yeah, well, that's, but that's you, right? [chuckles]
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah, that's me.
- MMMarina Mogilko
That, that's you.
- ASAravind Srinivas
But the, the thing is, like, Comet, uh, lets me do anything right now.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Like, I don't even have to go to these separate apps. Comet as a browser, um, you can... I-it, it actually does better search than even Perplexity because-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Will you make it free for everyone with all the features?
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- 40:25 – 41:11
When they will release the COMET app
- MMMarina Mogilko
Because I'm only using it on desktop.
- ASAravind Srinivas
That's right. So we just announced today that the Play Store, like, like, you can pre-register to get it. Uh, App Store pre-registering will be announced shortly. Uh, by end of the year, I think we should have it available on iOS and Android, um, and then also have it be, uh, generally available on desktop for both Windows and Mac.
- MMMarina Mogilko
I love it.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
It's... It generally, it, it is a game changer.
- ASAravind Srinivas
So that's the thing with Comet, by the way.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Mm-hmm.
- ASAravind Srinivas
You can summon it to go use Midjourney, go use, uh, Photoshop, and it will just do it for you.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah.
- ASAravind Srinivas
You don't even have to have these as apps-
- MMMarina Mogilko
Yeah
- ASAravind Srinivas
... you explicitly open. So it's, it's a super app. It's an everything app.
- MMMarina Mogilko
It is.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah.
- MMMarina Mogilko
It is. It is fascinating. Thank you so much.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Thank you.
- MMMarina Mogilko
That is so inspiring.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Thank you.
- MMMarina Mogilko
I feel like, uh, we're tapping into the future, like, actually-
- ASAravind Srinivas
Yeah
- MMMarina Mogilko
... right now. Thank you.
- ASAravind Srinivas
Thanks.
- MMMarina Mogilko
Thanks a lot.
Episode duration: 41:11
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