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Investing with Conviction | Sarah Guo, Founder of Conviction | Ep. 5

(If you enjoyed this, please like and subscribe!) I was pumped to chat this week with Sarah Guo. Sarah is a startup investor and the founder of Conviction, an investment firm purpose-built to serve intelligent software, or "Software 3.0" companies. Some of her investments include Harvey, Mistral AI, Sierra, Cognition, HeyGen, and Cartesia, among others. Prior to 2022, she spent nearly a decade incubating and investing as a General Partner at Greylock Partners. Sarah co-hosts a podcast with Elad Gil called No Priors where they discuss the AI revolution. We covered: - Compounding qualities of enduring firms - Brand building in the current market - Taking risk by having an opinion - Learnings from her time at Greylock - AI discourse compared to previous cycles Timestamps: (0:00) Intro (0:11) What a VC firm is at its core (2:27) Compounding qualities of enduring firms (6:44) Intentionality behind building Conviction’s brand (13:01) Correlation or causation between brands and returns (16:33) Shape of the current VC market (27:15) Learnings from experience at Greylock (32:06) Market vs founder driven (33:55) AI conversation shifting from inputs to outputs (36:28) More billion dollar companies than ever before (42:44) Agency being the last human resource (44:40) Important skills for kids to learn Linktree: https://linktr.ee/uncappedpod Twitter: https://x.com/jaltma Email: friends@uncappedpod.com

Jack AltmanhostSarah Guoguest
Apr 3, 202546mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. Setting the stage: why venture firms feel “wispy” compared to startups

    Jack frames the core question: a company has a clear product-to-revenue loop, but a VC firm seems less tangible. Sarah sets up how she thinks about venture from the founder’s perspective and why the job still matters despite the squishiness.

  2. What a VC firm is at its core: money, people/beliefs, and advantage

    Sarah breaks venture down into a bundled value proposition. Money is commoditized, while people, beliefs, brand, and practical advantage are the real differentiators—though harder to make durable.

  3. Why the best VC firms compound over decades: ethos, tribal knowledge, brand, network

    They discuss what persists at firms like Sequoia and Greylock across generations. Sarah argues durability comes from institutional ethos, learned patterns (and biases), and compounding networks and brand reputation.

  4. How founders choose investors: brand vs individual partners, and how needs change by stage

    Sarah explains that founders aren’t homogeneous: some buy prestige/halo effects, others pick specific people. Repeat founders may care less about the firm logo and more about who they want in the trenches with them.

  5. Building Conviction’s brand intentionally: solving information asymmetry with “partner marketing”

    Sarah shares an experience losing a deal to Andreessen that shaped her thinking about differentiation. She describes brand building as making founders care and demonstrating the network in scalable, accessible ways—similar to a startup marketing funnel.

  6. Opinionated investing as identity: why “Conviction” is about taking risks on beliefs

    Beyond being “AI native,” Sarah positions the firm’s ethos as being willing to have opinions and take risks. Publishing LP letters exemplifies this: some predictions will be wrong, but having a worldview can be grounding for founders in a dynamic era.

  7. Do brand and returns cause each other? What “success” means to founders

    They probe whether strong brand leads to strong returns or vice versa—and whether founders should care about VC fund multiples at all. Sarah argues returns are mostly a proxy for taste and quality; founders ultimately care about association, learning, and outcomes that help their company.

  8. The 2025 VC market map: big platforms, spin-outs, and distorted growth incentives

    Sarah gives a candid read: raising money is easier than making money in venture. Structural incentives push firms to grow AUM like businesses, while LP behavior lags due to backward-looking performance from pre-ZIRP vintages—creating likely return compression.

  9. Can small early-stage funds still win when mega-firms subsidize seed?

    Jack asks if mega-firms distort early-stage economics by using seed as pipeline. Sarah acknowledges the risk but argues early-stage remains non-homogenous: small firms can win by being distinct, selective, and high-conviction without needing huge headcount or capital.

  10. Where alpha comes from: taste, controversial bets, and choosing earlier without “waiting”

    Sarah downplays optimizing for “where the best risk-reward is” across stages; she focuses on what she’s good at—early-stage taste. They discuss alternative winning strategies (community ownership, contrarian picks) and why early-stage firms must choose before markets settle.

  11. Lessons from Greylock: market understanding, transitions, and matching talent to shifts

    Sarah credits Greylock and Asheem with teaching her core investing patterns. She highlights a powerful traditional approach: understand incumbent markets, identify technology transitions, and back the right people—often emerging from incumbents.

  12. AI creates new software markets: from enterprise categories to services and “non-software” spend

    Sarah argues AI enables companies to attack markets that weren’t historically software spend categories (law, support, creative services). They contrast SaaS’s growth limits (software saturation) with AI’s potential to expand what’s worth buying—unlocking new budgets.

  13. From inputs to outputs: Microsoft’s pragmatism, signals of adoption, and agent pricing pressure

    They discuss Satya Nadella’s reframing toward measurable economic output rather than AGI rhetoric. Sarah emphasizes revenue and capital efficiency as adoption signals, while acknowledging that agent pricing is currently benchmarked to labor and will face long-term competitive pressure.

  14. Agency as the “last human resource” and what kids should learn in an AI world

    Sarah is skeptical that intelligence alone was ever sufficient; she prioritizes force of will, point-of-view formation, and navigating uncertainty as founder traits. For children, she focuses on behaviors (focus, frustration tolerance, upskilling) and structured reasoning (decomposition/debugging), while staying flexible about future education paths.

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