Skip to content
YC Root AccessYC Root Access

The Startup Powering Billions In Trades Every Day

When Kelly Littlepage and Steven Johnson launched OneChronos in 2022, they weren’t just launching a new stock exchange — they were rewriting the rules of how markets work. After more than a decade of obsessing over an obscure auction theory from their undergrad days, and six years of quietly solving deep technical and regulatory problems, they built a new kind of trading venue from scratch — one that now handles billions of dollars in trades every day, accounting for over 0.3% of all U.S. equity volume. In this episode, they talk about growing up hacking computers in the suburbs, their unlikely path through Caltech and hedge funds, and the long road to convincing Wall Street to embrace a radically better way to trade. Chapters: 00:00 - Intro: A New Kind of Stock Exchange 01:15 - The Origin Story 02:45 - From Auction Theory to Wall Street 04:30 - The Idea Behind OneChronos 06:00 - How Trading Actually Works Today 06:45 - Going All In: Quitting Jobs, Joining YC 08:45 - Solving Two Deep Tech Problems 10:00 - The Regulatory Gauntlet 14:00 - Launching: From 200 Shares to Billions 15:15 - Sticking With It for 6 Years 17:00 - What Makes the OneChronos Model Unique 23:45 - The Future of Markets & Infrastructure 27:00 - Should You Leave a High-Paying Job to Build? 30:45 - What It Takes to Build for Wall Street

Jared FriedmanhostKelly LittlepageguestSteven Johnsonguest
Jun 30, 202533mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. OneChronos explained: atomic multi-stock trades on a new exchange

    Jared introduces OneChronos as a new stock exchange already handling a meaningful slice of U.S. equities volume. The core promise is letting institutions execute complex, multi-leg strategies as a single “all-or-nothing” trade to reduce risk and slippage.

  2. Co-founders’ early bond: tinkering, hacking, and long-term trust

    Kelly Littlepage and Steven Johnson describe meeting in middle school and staying close through high school and beyond. Their shared curiosity about computers (and occasional trouble) built the trust that later made co-founding easier.

  3. Auction theory roots: engineering better economic outcomes

    Kelly traces a key intellectual seed to studying economics under auction theorist Preston McAfee at Caltech. That experience reframed markets as computational design problems where mechanisms can be engineered for better outcomes.

  4. From hedge funds & cybersecurity to a market-structure insight

    Their professional paths—Kelly in trading/hedge funds and Steven in cybersecurity—converged on a shared diagnosis: modern electronic markets resemble distributed databases with latency-driven anomalies. This led to the early goal of designing an exchange resistant to “latency race” conditions.

  5. The long road to commitment: 2011 ideas → 2016 full-time → 2022 launch

    The founders outline a timeline that looks like an overnight success but wasn’t: early conceptual work began around 2011, they went full-time in 2016, and launched in mid-2022. They also discuss an early YC rejection that forced sharper MVP thinking while still aiming for a “do it right” launch.

  6. Two deep-tech problems: fast optimization + making combinatorial auctions usable

    What started as a single hard engineering challenge became two: scaling optimization to real-time market constraints, and translating a foreign mechanism (combinatorial auctions) into something traders could adopt. The second problem—productizing and explaining the model—was as critical as the math.

  7. How trading works today vs. OneChronos: beyond price-time priority

    Steven contrasts the standard limit order book model (price-time priority) with OneChronos’ approach, which emphasizes price and volume while deprioritizing time except for auction admission. This difference required extensive regulator education and a rethinking of “fairness” and matching logic.

  8. Regulatory gauntlet and operational reality: mission-critical details

    Building a regulated exchange meant navigating a large set of non-obvious operational constraints alongside the core technology. The founders describe everything from formal approvals to mundane requirements (like proving they could print in-office), plus cost-saving automation choices.

  9. Cold start: winning early liquidity when there’s no volume

    Even with approvals and tech in place, the exchange had to solve the marketplace chicken-and-egg problem. Early participants connected despite no liquidity because they believed in the mechanism’s advantage and valued being first movers with clients.

  10. Launch story: from ~200 shares to a real growth curve

    They recount the first production trades in late June 2022, which were mostly connectivity and pipeline validation. Meaningful commercial activity began to accelerate toward late August/September, forming the early “hockey stick” adoption pattern.

  11. Staying power: “people said we were right, just impossible”

    During six years before real traction, skepticism wasn’t about correctness but feasibility—printing a trade and bootstrapping liquidity. Their motivation came from conviction in the mechanism, repeated validation from experts, and a commitment to solving the problem rather than “starting a startup.”

  12. Combinatorial auctions 101: exposure problem and “ships passing in the night”

    Kelly explains why combinatorial auctions emerged (e.g., FCC spectrum auctions) and how complements/substitutes create inefficient outcomes in sequential auctions. Applying this to finance, OneChronos lets traders express true portfolio intent, reducing exposure risk and improving trade discovery.

  13. A new trading ‘API’: multi-symbol orders with constraints, built by a small team

    The founders describe OneChronos as changing the fundamental interface of trading from single-symbol orders to portfolio and constraint-based instructions. They also share the company’s engineering-led culture, a small-team philosophy, and a talent mix from non-finance engineers to veteran market-structure builders.

  14. Future scope: beyond equities—any market with complements, substitutes, and constraints

    They argue smart/combinatorial markets generalize to many asset classes and even real-economy markets where current exchanges can’t express non-price factors. The conversation ends with GPUs/compute as a vivid example of a fragmented market that fits the same mechanism-design toolkit.

  15. Career decision: leaving high-paying paths, minimizing regret, and building for Wall Street

    Jared prompts a discussion on the opportunity cost of leaving lucrative quant/tech roles. The founders emphasize preparing financially, choosing a problem you deeply care about, minimizing regret, and adopting a “critical systems” engineering mindset where you can’t ‘move fast and break things.’

Get more out of YouTube videos.

High quality summaries for YouTube videos. Accurate transcripts to search & find moments. Powered by ChatGPT & Claude AI.

Add to Chrome