Skip to content
a16za16z

Substack Cofounder on AI Slop Content & the Decline of Social Media

What if the future of media isn’t controlled by algorithms or legacy institutions—but by independent voices building directly with their audiences? In this episode, Erik Torenberg is joined by Chris Best, cofounder and CEO of Substack, along with a16z general partners Katherine Boyle and Andrew Chen. We trace the origin story of Substack and its cultural impact, including how it reinvented the business model for independent media. We also explore the evolution of blogging, the rebundling of media, and what the future holds as attention becomes the scarcest resource. Timecodes: 0:00 The Future of Media & Substack’s Role 0:48 The 2020 Media Landscape and Free Speech 3:19 Substack’s Founding Philosophy 6:10 The Evolution of Blogging and Business Models 8:27 Building Direct Connections with Audiences 11:41 The Vision and Growth of Substack 17:57 Algorithms, Networks, and Creator Incentives 22:00 High Value Audiences and Advertising 23:48 AI, Content Creation, and the Value of Attention 29:17 Unbundling, Rebundling, and the New Media Economy 33:01 The Future of Media 38:10 Academia, and Long-Form Writing 43:53 Substack’s Ambitions and Recent Fundraising Resources: Find Chris on Substack: https://cb.substack.com/ Find Chris on X: https://x.com/cjgbest Find Andrew Chen on Substack: https://andrewchen.substack.com/ Find Andrew on X: https://x.com/andrewchen Find Katherine on X: https://x.com/KTmBoyle Find Katherine on Substack: https://boyle.substack.com/ Stay Updated: Let us know what you think: https://ratethispodcast.com/a16z Find a16z on Twitter: https://twitter.com/a16z Find a16z on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/a16z Subscribe on your favorite podcast app: https://a16z.simplecast.com/ Follow our host: https://x.com/eriktorenberg Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details, please see a16z.com/disclosures.

Erik TorenberghostChris BestguestKatherine BoyleguestAndrew Chenguest
Sep 2, 202547mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. Attention becomes scarce: Substack’s bet on “better culture”

    The conversation opens with a framing that media’s core scarcity has flipped: content is abundant, but worthwhile attention is limited. Substack positions itself as an economic engine that helps people spend attention on higher-quality writing and culture.

  2. 2020’s speech crackdown and why Substack became a refuge

    Katherine Boyle revisits the 2020–2021 media climate: firings, social pressure, and high-profile deplatforming created fear around heterodox expression. She argues Substack’s decision to protect free speech meaningfully shaped today’s cultural landscape.

  3. Founding philosophy: independence as the main pillar (not partisanship)

    Chris Best explains that free speech is foundational but not the primary mission; the core goal is independence for creators through better economic incentives. Substack aims to give writers editorial freedom, direct audience relationships, and a sustainable way to earn.

  4. Saving blogging: from dead ecosystem to ‘blogging with a business model’

    Andrew Chen describes the decline of the open blogging era (spam, hacks, no monetization) and why Substack mattered as a clean, paid model. Best embraces the early criticism that Substack was “just blogging with a business model,” arguing that’s precisely the point—and it expands beyond writing.

  5. Direct audience ownership: email, portability, and the ‘right to exit’

    The discussion highlights Substack’s commitment to letting creators export their audience—counter to typical platform lock-in. Best argues portability forces Substack to continually earn loyalty, creating healthier incentives and long-term trust.

  6. Overriding the algorithm: subscriptions as a creative risk tool

    Best argues subscriptions provide more than revenue—they provide a reliable channel to reach people directly, enabling creative experiments that algorithms might suppress. This reduces dependence on ‘pleasing the feed’ and enables creators to call on audience trust for non-obvious work.

  7. From newsletters to network: why Substack built a destination (Notes)

    Best explains the evolution from a paid newsletter tool to building a broader network—because creators still depended on Twitter/Facebook/LinkedIn for discovery. Substack’s long-term goal is a discovery network with different ‘laws of physics’ that actually benefits creators and readers.

  8. Algorithms aren’t evil—objective functions are

    Rather than rejecting algorithms, Best argues the problem is what they optimize for (often ads and engagement). Substack’s aspiration is to use algorithms that optimize for user value—helping people find what they deeply care about instead of maximizing screen time.

  9. Advertising and sponsorships: adding revenue without importing toxic incentives

    The hosts explore whether Substack might build an ad network and the trade-offs of ads vs subscriptions. Best says advertising can be powerful, but copying legacy ad models would import misaligned incentives; the challenge is designing an aligned, creator-friendly version.

  10. AI slop vs creative leverage: production tools and the fight for attention quality

    AI is framed as a force multiplier that can either flood feeds with low-value ‘slop’ or give serious creators leverage to produce higher-quality work across formats. The group argues AI highlights the shortage of extraordinary content and increases the premium on trust and taste.

  11. Two futures of media: wireheading entertainment vs culture that makes you better

    Best outlines a bifurcating future: hyper-addictive entertainment optimized like a drug, and a second path where media supports culture, agency, and self-improvement. Substack’s goal is to make the ‘better’ future compelling enough to compete with addictive feeds.

  12. Beyond journalism: academia, books, and long-form’s cultural supply chain

    The conversation broadens to adjacent institutions. Best critiques academic publishing and peer review, while Andrew contrasts the slow, scarce book pipeline with instant internet distribution; they argue moral panics focus on medium rather than the continuity of reading and ideas.

  13. Unbundling and rebundling: creators become founders and build new media companies

    Substack is described as enabling value capture and experimentation: top writers can earn far more independently, and some build larger ‘Substack-first’ media companies. Best compares this to venture’s effect on software—unleashing talent increases variance and creates breakthroughs.

  14. Why raise $100M now: scaling the network era of Substack

    Best explains the fundraising as fuel for a new phase: Substack’s network is now “alive” and needs investment to grow into an internet-scale destination aligned with independence. The company aims to rebuild product and organization to match that expanded ambition.

Get more out of YouTube videos.

High quality summaries for YouTube videos. Accurate transcripts to search & find moments. Powered by ChatGPT & Claude AI.

Add to Chrome