World-Renowned Physicist: The Truth About Aliens! UFOs Are Definitely Robotic - Michio Kaku

1. 0:00 – 3:23

   Intro

   1. MKDr. Michio Kaku0:00

      Immortality is tantalizing close

   2. SBSteven Bartlett0:02

      And you think it's possible within the laws of physics and biology?

   3. MKDr. Michio Kaku0:05

      Yeah. In fact, we know that there's a clock in our body called the telomeres that tracks how long we're gonna live, and there's something called telomerase which stops the clock, which means that we can live forever. That's the good news. But the bad news was we found out that cancer also uses telomeres and telomerase to live forever. And so the question is, can we apply that to humans without wakening up the cancers? But this is not science fiction, this is the future.

   4. SBSteven Bartlett0:30

      And for seventy-one years you've been studying physics and how science will shape human destiny. So how is life likely to be different in the future?

   5. MKDr. Michio Kaku0:37

      Well, decade by decade we see the enormous progress that we humans have made. For example, we'll probably be on the Moon, maybe onto Mars, and also the artificial intelligence will help us to cure cancer and many diseases. However, for the first time in human history, we have the potential of destroying ourselves with designer germs, nuclear weapons, perhaps artificial intelligence. [laughing] Like this is a quantum computer. This is so powerful that even the CIA is worried about the fact that these could break into any known computer

   6. SBSteven Bartlett1:07

      Including banks, even Bitcoin.

   7. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:09

      That's right. So capitalism would vanish. Society would come to a halt.

   8. SBSteven Bartlett1:14

      And what about humanoid robots?

   9. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:15

      I would look seriously at the possibility of merging with them so that we don't have a civil war. Realize that we're at the edge of a knife. You tilt it the wrong way and there's world war. You tilt it the other way and there's food and luxury for everyone, and it's up to us to decide which way the knife will go.

   10. SBSteven Bartlett1:32

       Dr. Michio Kaku, I've waited a long time to ask someone these questions. Where do you believe we came from?

   11. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:38

       Well-

   12. SBSteven Bartlett1:38

       Do you think it's plausible that, in fact, we are living in a simulation? And then is there any evidence when we look out at the stars that there is non-human life out there?

   13. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:49

       Okay. So first of all-

   14. SBSteven Bartlett1:55

       This is super interesting to me. My team give me this report to show me how many of you that watch this show subscribe, and some of you have told us, according to this, that you are unsubscribed from the channel randomly. So favor to ask all of you, please could you check right now if you've hit the subscribe button if you are a regular viewer of the show and you like what we do here. We're approaching quite a significant landmark on this show in terms of a subscriber number. So if there was one simple free thing that you could do to help us, my team, everyone here, to keep this show free, to keep it improving year over year and week over week, it is just to hit that subscribe button and to double-check if you've hit it. Only thing I'll ever ask of you. Do we have a deal? If you do it, I'll tell you what I'll do. I'll make sure every single week, every single month, we fight harder and harder and harder and harder to bring you the guests and conversations that you wanna hear. I've stayed true to that promise since the very beginning of The Diary of a CEO, and I will not let you down. Please help us. Really appreciate it. Let's get on with the show. [upbeat music] Dr. Michio Kaku.

   15. MKDr. Michio Kaku2:51

       That's right.

   16. SBSteven Bartlett2:53

       For anyone that isn't aware of you and your work, and they're wondering whether they should listen to what you have to say today because they don't know your work and they've not gone through the, the books and the interviews that you've done, how would you describe your experience?

   17. MKDr. Michio Kaku3:06

       I work in something called string theory, which we think is the theory that eluded Einstein for the last thirty years of his life, the theory of everything, the theory that explains the Big Bang, the formation of stars, galaxy, formation of the Earth, life. I'm a physicist working in the theory

2. 3:23 – 4:18

   What Is The Theory Of Everything?

   1. MKDr. Michio Kaku3:23

      of everything.

   2. SBSteven Bartlett3:23

      What is the theory of everything?

   3. MKDr. Michio Kaku3:25

      An equation perhaps no more than one inch long that will allow us to, quote, "Read the mind of God." These are Einstein's words. The theory of the Big Bang, the theory of creation itself, the theory of, of everything.

   4. SBSteven Bartlett3:38

      I wanna explain this in terms that even the most sort of novice viewer could understand. The theo- theory of everything is a f- is an equation that explains-

   5. MKDr. Michio Kaku3:46

      Everything

   6. SBSteven Bartlett3:47

      ... physics.

   7. MKDr. Michio Kaku3:48

      No, no, no. Everything. Because from physics comes chemistry.

   8. SBSteven Bartlett3:52

      Mm-hmm.

   9. MKDr. Michio Kaku3:52

      Comes ch- chemistry, comes biology.

   10. SBSteven Bartlett3:54

       Mm-hmm.

   11. MKDr. Michio Kaku3:55

       And from that comes our universe.

   12. SBSteven Bartlett3:57

       Is it things like gravity and-

   13. MKDr. Michio Kaku3:59

       That's right

   14. SBSteven Bartlett3:59

       ... space and time?

   15. MKDr. Michio Kaku4:00

       Gravity, uh, light, uh, the nuclear force. Uh, there are four fundamental forces of the universe. There's the gravitational force, which keeps us here, the electromagnetic force, which lights up our, our world, and the two nuclear forces. We want a theory that explains all four.

3. 4:18 – 5:14

   What Viewers Really Want To Know About The Universe

   1. SBSteven Bartlett4:18

      You know, when people watch your interviews and they read your books, what do you think is the fundamental question that they're typically seeking to answer?

   2. MKDr. Michio Kaku4:28

      What does it mean for me?

   3. SBSteven Bartlett4:31

      What does what mean for me?

   4. MKDr. Michio Kaku4:32

      The physics of the future. That as we physicists create the future, we're the ones who understand what is possible, what is not possible, and what is plausible. How does that affect the average person?

   5. SBSteven Bartlett4:43

      And there's an element of, of all of us that's just trying to figure out how we got here, where our place is in the universe.

   6. MKDr. Michio Kaku4:51

      Yeah. Uh, if, if... Especially for people who are philosophical or religious, they wanna know, what does it all mean? I mean, where did I come from? Where, where is the universe going? They wanna know the answer to the big questions, the question of meaning, and that's what we physicists do.

   7. SBSteven Bartlett5:07

      And they wanna know if we're alone in the universe.

   8. MKDr. Michio Kaku5:09

      Oh, yeah, that too. That's a byproduct of what we do, is look for extraterrestrial intelligence.

4. 5:14 – 5:56

   Our Biggest Misunderstanding About Reality

   1. SBSteven Bartlett5:14

      You've been doing this for many, many decades now. You've been studying the nature of the universe and physics. Is there a fundamental misunderstanding that you're aware of that the average person still believes?

   2. MKDr. Michio Kaku5:27

      Yeah. People think that physics is for eggheads, that it's just, uh, doing equations on a blackboard and totally divorced from the average person. They don't realize that everything about their life, about electricity, about magnetism, about the nuclear force, about industry, everything comes from physics. But the average person thinks that physics is for eggheads. It's for equations you put on a blackboard in a cartoon. Nope. It's everywhere.

5. 5:56 – 7:16

   Are We Alone In The Universe?

   1. SBSteven Bartlett5:58

      In the last couple of weeks, you've been asked to do lots of interviews becauseTrump has released the UFO files

   2. MKDr. Michio Kaku6:05

      That's right

   3. SBSteven Bartlett6:06

      Before we get into lots of other subjects and physics generally, probably start by just tackling this question head-on. Do you think that we are alone in the universe?

   4. MKDr. Michio Kaku6:17

      No. We're not alone because the galaxy has 100 billion stars, of which maybe 10% have planets that are Earth-like or s- or are similar to Earth. But the question is, can they visit us? A, uh, Saturn V rocket would take 70,000 years just to reach the nearest star. Hop, skip, and a jump, 70,000 years. So a civilization that could reach the Earth would be hundreds, thousands of years more advanced than us. So I'm a physicist. We look at that. Space warps. Is it possible that a flying saucer race could create a space warp so they can visit us?

   5. SBSteven Bartlett6:56

      Space warp?

   6. MKDr. Michio Kaku6:57

      Bending space.

   7. SBSteven Bartlett6:59

      Is that possible?

   8. MKDr. Michio Kaku7:00

      Well, gravity bends space all the time. The question is, can you bend space enough so that you can go faster than the speed of light so you can visit the nearest star? That's a question mark. We physicists look at that, but we have no definite answer. But it's, it's possible.

6. 7:16 – 9:35

   Are UAP Sightings Evidence Of Extraterrestrial Life?

   1. SBSteven Bartlett7:16

      So when these people say that, you know, I had a podcast, uh, recently where two people explained to me that there's been some very unusual sightings of UAPs.

   2. MKDr. Michio Kaku7:26

      Mm-hmm. Right.

   3. SBSteven Bartlett7:27

      And they use this as evidence to say that aliens exist.

   4. MKDr. Michio Kaku7:30

      Mm-hmm.

   5. SBSteven Bartlett7:31

      Do you think those sightings are actually extraterrestrial life, or do you think it's just, uh, people hallucinating and seeing, I don't know, light orbs and misunderstanding what they're looking at?

   6. MKDr. Michio Kaku7:43

      Well, there are three types of observations. Close encounters of the first kind is when you see something in the sky.

   7. SBSteven Bartlett7:49

      Mm-hmm.

   8. MKDr. Michio Kaku7:49

      First kind. Close encounters of the second kind is when you have something tangible, an engine, uh, a body, a wreckage of a UAP. That's second kind. Close encounters of the third kind is when you actually encounter them and shake their hand. [laughs] Now, where are we? We're at close encounters of the first kind, where we see things floating in the sky, but we don't know what they are. We don't have anything tangible. Now, in science fiction, we've captured the flying saucer, we have the aliens in a cage, or so what. [laughs] That's the movies. We have yet to see an alien in, in a laboratory. We have yet to see an alien ship. In other words, people say, "I saw something." Now, what does that mean? I'm a physicist. We go where the, uh, we go where the observation goes, and we have no observations to verify what you saw. Except, of course, sensationalists who say, "I've seen the bodies." Okay, show us.

   9. SBSteven Bartlett8:50

      So from that, I conclude that you don't believe alien life has arrived here on Earth before-

   10. MKDr. Michio Kaku8:56

       No, I, I, I'm open to the possibility. Ninety-five percent of the sightings we can, we can, uh, explain using the known laws of physics. Five percent are either optical illusions or they're evidence of visitation. You can't rule that out. So I'm open to the idea that maybe they're here. Now, uh, President Trump has released the first mountain load of 160, uh, encounters of alien technology, we think. But we haven't yet seen a close encounter of the second kind. When that happens, that's the game changer. When we have a piece of, uh, UFO hardware, that would, that would nail it to the wall right there.

7. 9:35 – 10:24

   Would Governments Hide Aliens From Us?

   1. SBSteven Bartlett9:36

      There's a, a narrative that the US government or generally governments around the world wouldn't want the people to know about aliens because they're not ready for it. Do, do you buy that?

   2. MKDr. Michio Kaku9:46

      That's the traditional, uh, excuse for not revealing these things. But the other excuse is that it's a cover. It's a cover for the stealth bomber. It's a cover for the fact that the military does experiment with aerodynamically, uh, novel forms of transport. And so those are the reasons why the military keeps it a secret and actually lies about these things. But now, the, it's leaking out. Congress, the President of the United States, they're demanding these, these, uh, sightings to be declassified. So we physicists now are analyzing them to see whether or not they're really real or not.

8. 10:24 – 11:22

   Could Life Exist On Planets Close To Earth?

   1. SBSteven Bartlett10:24

      Is there any evidence when we look out at the stars that there is non-human life out there? Is there anything that you've seen when you look at other planets and how they're operating that might suggest there's a different type of life there?

   2. MKDr. Michio Kaku10:40

      Oh, yeah. But there, there's no tangible evidence for it yet, though.

   3. SBSteven Bartlett10:43

      Give me one example.

   4. MKDr. Michio Kaku10:45

      Well, uh, for example, take a look at Alpha Centauri, the closest star system to the planet Earth, right?

   5. SBSteven Bartlett10:50

      How far away is that?

   6. MKDr. Michio Kaku10:51

      Four and a half light years. And if you take a look at the Alpha Centauri system, the closest system to the Earth, you have, uh, red, uh, red stars that could, could have life on them. We're not sure. They're not super hot, super large, in which case it would be very difficult to get life forms off the ground. But the point I'm raising is that the Milky Way galaxy, our backyard, has 100 billion stars, and the probability of life existing among those stars is on, uh, almost 100%.

9. 11:22 – 11:53

   Could Humans Ever Travel Across The Universe?

   1. MKDr. Michio Kaku11:22

      The question is, can they reach us? That means, is it possible to create a space warp such that you can break the light barrier so that you can travel across the galaxy and visit the Earth?

   2. SBSteven Bartlett11:33

      And did you say that was theoretically possible?

   3. MKDr. Michio Kaku11:36

      It's theoretically possible, yeah. But of course, you need energy, fantastic amounts of energy. But the laws of physics do allow for the possibility of space warps. I mean, you've seen space warps on Star Trek, but where does Star Trek get the word space warps? [laughs] It comes from physics.

10. 11:53 – 14:04

    The Star Mysteriously Losing 20% Of Its Light

    1. SBSteven Bartlett11:53

       I also heard you telling, um, I think it was Joe Rogan, you were telling a story of one particular star that reduces in its intensity by 20%.

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku12:05

       Yeah, there is a star that, that oscillates.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett12:07

       What does that mean?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku12:08

       So it drops by about 20%.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett12:10

       So it's, it's, it's reducing its-... light-

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku12:14

       Output

    7. SBSteven Bartlett12:15

       ... by 20%?

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku12:16

       That's right.

    9. SBSteven Bartlett12:16

       How often?

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku12:17

        We don't have to wait for centuries. It's within a matter of, of months to years.

    11. SBSteven Bartlett12:21

        A star that reduces, frequently reduces its light output by 20%.

    12. MKDr. Michio Kaku12:26

        Yeah, which is very unusual. It's the only one we saw s- we've seen so far.

    13. SBSteven Bartlett12:30

        You explained one of the theories, I think, when you first talked about this, was that a civilization might have built something around that star?

    14. MKDr. Michio Kaku12:38

        Oh, yeah. That's one of several theories, that a civilization that advanced would have tremendous energy needs.

    15. SBSteven Bartlett12:43

        Mm-hmm.

    16. MKDr. Michio Kaku12:44

        And the easiest way to get energy is by encircling the mother star with an envelope, and the envelope then would absorb most of the energy. In fact, that was an episode of Star Trek. They meet a star that is totally enveloped by a metal shell. The, uh, aliens left it, uh, c- centuries ago, but, you know, it can't be ruled out.

    17. SBSteven Bartlett13:06

        The theory goes that an advanced civilization will surround it with, like, a metal sphere to capture its energy.

    18. MKDr. Michio Kaku13:12

        Yeah.

    19. SBSteven Bartlett13:13

        And that would explain why we see a 20% reduction in the light output?

    20. MKDr. Michio Kaku13:19

        Uh, no. They think that it's probably an orbiting, an orbiting globe that eclipses the mother star-

    21. SBSteven Bartlett13:26

        Oh

    22. MKDr. Michio Kaku13:26

        ... rather than envelops the mother star. It simply goes around the mother star and eclipses it.

    23. SBSteven Bartlett13:32

        Oh.

    24. MKDr. Michio Kaku13:32

        That's the theory.

    25. SBSteven Bartlett13:33

        So it'd be like a big ball that, that circles the star-

    26. MKDr. Michio Kaku13:35

        That's right

    27. SBSteven Bartlett13:36

        ... obstructing its energy.

    28. MKDr. Michio Kaku13:36

        And that would cause a dip, that would cause a dip in the intensity of light.

    29. SBSteven Bartlett13:40

        As far as we see it.

    30. MKDr. Michio Kaku13:41

        As far as we see it, right.
11. 14:04 – 15:39

    What Really Happened During The Big Bang?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett14:04

       You've, um, you've written a lot of books-

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku14:09

       Mm-hmm

    3. SBSteven Bartlett14:10

       ... about the universe and physics and everything in between. I've waited a long time to ask someone this question, and it's a very broad question. And the question is: where do you believe that we came from? Where do you believe that life came from? Where, where do you believe this universe came from?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku14:28

       Well, the universe came from the Big Bang. The question is, where did the Big Bang come from, right?

    5. SBSteven Bartlett14:35

       Okay, so what is the Big Bang?

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku14:36

       The Big Bang is a cosmic explosion that took place around 14 or so billion years ago that, uh, created the expanding universe.

    7. SBSteven Bartlett14:46

       How do we know that happened?

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku14:48

       Because we have evidence of this expansion that took place, you know, 14 or so billion years ago. We see the stars moving away from us. So think of a big balloon, a big balloon with, uh, points of light on the balloon, and the balloon is expanding, and the stars are moving away from each other.

    9. SBSteven Bartlett15:07

       Mm-hmm.

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku15:07

        That's what we see today. Not moving toward each other. All the stars are moving away from each other like the sphere is expanding. And so we believe in the ex- in the, uh, the Big Bang Theory, and we believe that the universe is expanding rather than contracting.

    11. SBSteven Bartlett15:22

        Expanding into what?

    12. MKDr. Michio Kaku15:24

        Hyperspace.

    13. SBSteven Bartlett15:26

        What's that?

    14. MKDr. Michio Kaku15:27

        Uh, well, we live in a four-dimensional universe. Three dimensions of space, one dimension of time. We live in a, in a four-dimensional universe. But in string theory, we believe that there are 11 dimensions altogether.

12. 15:39 – 19:31

    What String Theory Could Reveal About Reality

    1. SBSteven Bartlett15:39

       String theory is something that you came up with.

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku15:43

       I came up with string field theory, which is one of the branches of string theory, right.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett15:47

       And what is string theory?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku15:49

       String theory says that what is a proton? What is an electron? They're nothing but vibrations of a string. So from a distance, this looks like a point particle. From a distance, this is an electron. But if you could magnify that, we find that it's not really a point at all. It's really a vibrating string. And each vibration corresponds to a node. So this would be a proton. This would be an electron. This would be a neutron. This would be a neutrino. That's why we have so many subatomic particles.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett16:26

       Okay, so to, to simplify this in a way that I understand, you're saying that at the very base layer, particles are the same, but they're just strings that are basically vibrating differently.

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku16:38

       That's right.

    7. SBSteven Bartlett16:38

       And that would be the, the sort of foundational matter of everything.

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku16:41

       That's right. Everything is basically a vibrating string. So when the string vibrates in this direction, we call it an electron. If it vibrates in this way, we call it a proton. So why do we have so many subatomic particles? How many of them are there? Hundreds. We've seen hundreds of subatomic particles. And how could Mother Nature be so malicious to create a universe at the fundamental level based on hundreds of different kinds of, of, uh, strings vibrating in different directions? Well, it's really just one string, one string that can vibrate in different modes. Each mode is called a particle.

    9. SBSteven Bartlett17:21

       Why does it need to be a string?

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku17:23

        We don't know why things are. We just... I'm a physicist. We just try to figure out the way things really are. But it would explain why there's so many particles. We used to think there was an electron, a proton and a neutron, and that's it. That's it, period. Nope. We've seen pi mesons. We've seen lambda particles, omega particles, hundreds of subatomic particles. Why do we build atom smashers outside Chicago, outside Geneva? Huge, gigantic atom smashers smashing atoms apart. Why? Because then from the debris, we begin to figure out these vibrations are particles. We can categorize them. We can give them names, and that gives us a, quote, "a theory of everything." So we have what is called the Standard Model, which explains all the subatomic particles other than gravity, and it- and we create these particles with our atom smashers.

    11. SBSteven Bartlett18:18

        Which is the big machines where they fire atoms at each other in, in Geneva and so on around the world-

    12. MKDr. Michio Kaku18:22

        That's right

    13. SBSteven Bartlett18:23

        ... to figure out-

    14. MKDr. Michio Kaku18:23

        That's, that's the Large Hadron Collider, right. But now we realize that there's another octave, there's another layer even [laughs] beyond what we see with the Large Hadron Collider. Dark matter. Dark matter is invisible matter that surrounds the Milky Way galaxy, and we don't know what it is. There's a Nobel Prize waiting for somebody who could figure out what dark matter is. It's invisible matter, invisible matter that surrounds the entire Milky Way galaxy. We think, though we cannot yet prove, that it's nothing but the next octave.

    15. SBSteven Bartlett18:55

        What do you mean by octave?

    16. MKDr. Michio Kaku18:56

        Vibration. In other words, this would be the lowest vibration, which is, corresponds to an electron, but there are other vibrations much bigger, and they, they would correspond to a higher octave.

    17. SBSteven Bartlett19:06

        How do we know it's there if it's invisible?

    18. MKDr. Michio Kaku19:08

        Well, this is a guess, but it turns out that when you do the math and you look at the vibration of a string and you look at the higher vibrations, some of them are invisible. In other words, they don't interact with light. Now, we know that this interacts with light, therefore we can see it.

    19. SBSteven Bartlett19:23

        The table.

    20. MKDr. Michio Kaku19:24

        But these are the lowest vibrations. Some of the higher vibrations are invisible, and so we think that's what dark matter is.

13. 19:31 – 21:50

    What Caused The Big Bang?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett19:31

       I guess this all comes back to the question, we were talking about the Big Bang. You know, scientists tend to agree that there was some kind of Big Bang, 'cause when you look at the universe, it's expanding outwards. So one would, if you re- rewind time, at some point, there was a central point where something, where a big, uh, an explosion occurred if you reverse time. I, I mean, it begs the question, what caused the Big Bang?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku20:00

       Well, we don't know, but there are theories. String theory is a theory even before the Big Bang. It's a theory of everything. The Big Bang, in some sense, is a misnomer 'cause it disguised the fact that we're ignorant. We're ignorant of what caused the thing to bang. String theory, there was no bang. That is, it did collapse, if you go backwards in time, it did collapse with a very small thing and then came out again. It bounced.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett20:27

       Oh, okay.

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku20:28

       So we think that there could be a bubble bath of universes.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett20:32

       What do you mean by a bubble bath of universes?

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku20:34

       Our universe is a bubble of some sort, and the bubble's expanding, and that's called the Big Bang theory, which fits all the data, but we think there are other bubbles out there. In other words, string theory says that we live not just in a four-dimensional world, but in a 11-dimensional world. These other dimensions we cannot see, but we think that the universe coexists with other universes. There's a bubble bath. Think of bubbles, soap bubbles floating in, in, uh, the vacuum.

    7. SBSteven Bartlett21:04

       What about marbles? So when you're th- talking about bubbles, you know, could, what, you mean like, kinda like this?

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku21:12

       Right. Okay, give me the big one.

    9. SBSteven Bartlett21:15

       I have all of them.

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku21:17

        All right. Okay. So let's say this is the Sun.

    11. SBSteven Bartlett21:20

        Yeah.

    12. MKDr. Michio Kaku21:21

        And these are planets, asteroids, whatever, and they're going around, they're going around the Sun.

    13. SBSteven Bartlett21:28

        Mm-hmm.

    14. MKDr. Michio Kaku21:29

        Why? Why are they going around the Sun like that? Okay. It's because this exerts gravitational force that is pulling these things toward, toward the Sun.

    15. SBSteven Bartlett21:41

        Mm.

    16. MKDr. Michio Kaku21:41

        The Earth is just one. Asteroids are another the other. Saturn, Jupiter, they're nothing but planets going around the mother star.

14. 21:50 – 23:21

    Why Planets Orbit The Sun

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku21:50

       And so then the next question is why? Why is it that planets are going around the Sun? It's because the Sun is warping the space around it. It's creating a shallow depression. Space is not flat. This is Einstein's achievement. You go in this direction, seems flat. You go in this direction, everything seems to be flat, right? But no, the Earth, for example, is round, but it looks flat, but it's not. The universe looks flat, but it's not. It's curved. And that's why planets go around the mother star, because gravity is the byproduct of the warping of space, and that's why we are sitting on this chair right now. Why are we here? How come we're not flying in outer space? The Earth is spinning, right?

    2. SBSteven Bartlett22:40

       Mm-hmm.

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku22:41

       If the Earth is spinning, we should be flung out into outer space. So how come we're here?

    4. SBSteven Bartlett22:45

       Gravity.

    5. MKDr. Michio Kaku22:46

       Grav- but what is gravity though? [laughs] That's just a word, right?

    6. SBSteven Bartlett22:49

       Isn't it just because the mass of the Earth is so much greater than us that it pulls us in?

    7. MKDr. Michio Kaku22:54

       Okay, well, why is it pulling us in? Einstein says that the reason why the Earth is pulling us in is because the Earth warps the space around us, and it's pushing us into the floor. That's why the solar system works the way it does, 'cause the Sun grabs the planets and forces the planets to move in a curved line because it's curved space that is causing it to move this way.

15. 23:21 – 24:08

    Is There Any Evidence For The Multiverse?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett23:21

       And going back to what you were saying about the bubble bath idea.

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku23:25

       Right. Then the question is, are there other stars? Yes. Are there other galaxies? There are billions and billions of planets out there. We think that the whole shebang is curved. We're nothing but inhabitants on the skin of this gigantic bubble. Now we're saying that maybe there are other bubbles out there, a multiverse, a multiverse of universes, parallel universes. In fact, where multiverse has gotten into the literature, comic books now refer to the multiverse, Spider-Man and things like that. So it's even part of the vernacular, the, the common language of the average person, that we believe in parallel universes. So yeah, these parallel universes come from physics.

16. 24:08 – 27:27

    What Black Holes Really Are

    1. SBSteven Bartlett24:10

       And the other thing that comes from physics is black holes.

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku24:13

       That's right. If this star becomes so massive that its gravity is so great that it pulls the entire shebang in-Like this

    3. SBSteven Bartlett24:26

       Mm-hmm

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku24:27

       And then that would be a black hole. And we now believe that at the center of almost every galaxy we see, and there are trillions of galaxies, we think that at the center of these galaxies, there's a black hole

    5. SBSteven Bartlett24:40

       Even our galaxy, the Milky Way?

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku24:41

       Even our galaxy, right. If you look in the direction of Sagittarius, the constellation Sagittarius, there's a black hole there. So tonight, go outside, look for the constellation Sagittarius, and there's a black hole at the center of our own backyard that holds the Milky Way galaxy together.

    7. SBSteven Bartlett25:01

       So how did it get there?

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku25:02

       Well, we think that it's a remnant of the Big Bang, that when the Big Bang exploded, clusters of matter began to contract other clusters of matter-

    9. SBSteven Bartlett25:11

       Yeah

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku25:11

        ... and this is where the galaxies and the planets come from. The condensation of the matter ejected out of the Big Bang gives you the galaxies, the solar systems, and the planets.

    11. SBSteven Bartlett25:23

        So if I use this as an example, there was the Big Bang, and all the pieces flew everywhere.

    12. MKDr. Michio Kaku25:29

        Mm-hmm.

    13. SBSteven Bartlett25:30

        And then because of gravity, the pieces came together, and they got so, so, uh, so big, so much mass that they collapsed inwards?

    14. MKDr. Michio Kaku25:40

        We're not sure about exactly which came first, the galaxy came first or the black hole came first. But let's assume for the moment that the black hole came first. Gas concentrated into a small area called a black hole, and then it drew all the other, uh, stars and galaxy around it to create the Milky Way galaxy. We're not sure, but that's one possibility of where it came from. And where did that come from? That, in turn, came from the explosion that created the universe roughly fourteen billion years ago.

    15. SBSteven Bartlett26:12

        Am I right in thinking black holes, they are extremely dense, like, areas of matter, and they, if you were to go near one, e- everything that goes near it gets sucked in?

    16. MKDr. Michio Kaku26:21

        That's right, and you never get out again. If this is a, a black hole, there is a ring or a sphere surrounding it, a point of no return. You go towards the black hole and you pass this, this ring, and then you go into the black hole, never to be seen again. It's a point of no return.

    17. SBSteven Bartlett26:40

        How do we know that?

    18. MKDr. Michio Kaku26:41

        Well, we've never seen it happen, but we can calculate the escape velocity. In other words, if you want to leave the Earth, how fast do you have to move to leave the Earth? Seven miles per second. Our astronauts travel seven miles per second to reach the moon, okay? That's called escape velocity. So every gravitating piece of matter has an escape velocity. For the Earth, it's seven miles per second. What about escape velocity of a black hole? It's the speed of light. That's why if you fall through the event horizon of a black hole, you never come out, 'cause otherwise you would have to go faster than the speed of light, which is not possible. So you go in, but you never come out. That's why it's called black

17. 27:27 – 28:57

    What Could Be Inside A Black Hole?

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku27:27

       holes.

    2. SBSteven Bartlett27:27

       What's in there?

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku27:30

       If you knew, you'd win a Nobel Prize.

    4. SBSteven Bartlett27:33

       This area has loads and loads of mass inside it. It's sucking things into it. So one would assume that there was a lot inside there. But it's tiny, right? Black holes are tiny?

    5. MKDr. Michio Kaku27:43

       We don't know how big they are. We think at the very center it could be very small. We're not sure. No one's ever been there, because if you go past the event horizon, you never come out again. [laughs]

    6. SBSteven Bartlett27:53

       What do people think is inside a black hole? 'Cause I'm thinking of it's just this area in space that looks black on a, when you look at it, and thi- it can suck in planets, anything.

    7. MKDr. Michio Kaku28:06

       If I were to take a guess, I would say that it's an entrance. It's a gateway, perhaps to another universe. We think, for example, if I have a warp space and you fall into warp space, if, if the warp space is powerful enough, it may come out again on the other side.

    8. SBSteven Bartlett28:27

       Mm-hmm.

    9. MKDr. Michio Kaku28:28

       So there may be another universe on the other side of a black hole. We're not, we're not sure, of course. If you were to go to Alpha Centauri with a Saturn V rocket, it would take seventy thousand years to reach the nearest star with our most powerful rocket. Very impractical. You need a shortcut, and that's, uh, that's the gateway called a wormhole, which is very similar to a black hole. A little bit different, but very

18. 28:57 – 29:49

    Why I Set Out To Finish This Man's Life's Work

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku28:57

       similar.

    2. SBSteven Bartlett28:58

       How long have you been studying physics and the universe now?

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku29:01

       Since I was eight years old, I've been studying the universe.

    4. SBSteven Bartlett29:05

       Seventy-one years.

    5. MKDr. Michio Kaku29:07

       Yeah. When I was eight years old, a great scientist had just died. It was in all the newspapers, and the newspaper said that he failed on his last try to create a theory of everything. So I was fascinated by this idea that this man was attempting to find the final theory.

    6. SBSteven Bartlett29:29

       You're talking about Einstein?

    7. MKDr. Michio Kaku29:30

       That's right. Later I found out the man's name was Albert Einstein, and at that point I said to myself, "That's for me. That's what I want to work on. I want to be part of this great journey to complete Einstein's dream of a theory of everything." And that's what I do for a living. I work with Einstein's equations.

19. 29:49 – 30:59

    A Physicist's Perspective On God

    1. SBSteven Bartlett29:50

       So for seventy-one years you've been trying to understand the universe and create this theory for everything. In that time, how has your perspective on God developed?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku30:04

       Yes. Most of my family were Buddhists-

    3. SBSteven Bartlett30:07

       Mm-hmm

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku30:08

       ... coming from Japan. But my father was a Christian-

    5. SBSteven Bartlett30:13

       Mm-hmm

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku30:13

       ... and put me in Sunday school. So I had the benefit of two religions as a child. Now I'm a physicist, and physicists are, quote, "agnostic". They don't take a position. They simply go where the physics takes them, into areas that are distasteful, mysterious, whatever. You go where the evidence goes, and that's what I am today.In other words, we have the laws of physics. We have string theory, which takes us to the instant of the Big Bang and even before, even before the creation of the universe. But then the next question is, where does string theory come from? Okay. At that point, we have to say that that's where our ignorance takes over. We simply don't know.

20. 30:59 – 33:28

    Could We Be Living In A Simulation?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett30:59

       What about simulation theory?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku31:03

       Well-

    3. SBSteven Bartlett31:03

       Do you think it's plausible that in fact we are living in a simulation?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku31:08

       I would say the answer is probably no.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett31:10

       Probably no.

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku31:11

       That's right. Simulation theory is basically saying that the universe is a puppet show, and there's a script. We're, we're living out the script because somebody's pulling our strings. First of all, that violates quantum theory. Quantum theory believes in probabilities, probabilities that I'm sitting here today, probabilities that maybe one day I'll go into outer space. We can calculate the probabilities of atomic events, chemical events with accuracy that is incredible, but simulation theory [laughs] is not one of them.

    7. SBSteven Bartlett31:46

       The theory which was, um, proposed by philosopher Nick Bostrom says that there's three possibilities logically. Either number one, that, um, human-like civilizations always destroy themselves before they get to the point where they can do advanced hyperrealistic simulations. And if you think about things like, I know virtual reality at the moment or video games, and you imagine them on a spectrum, if they just get one percent better a year, at some point they are indistinguishable from this reality that we're experiencing now. So theory one, we wipe ourselves out before we get to the point where we're advanced enough in hyperrealistic simulations. Theory number two or possibility number two is that advanced civilizations do exist, but they have zero interest in simulating their ancestors, which would be us, or theory number three is that we are a simulation and civilizations do survive and they do run millions of simulations because there would be millions of fake universes and only one can be base reality in this scenario and the mathematical odds are incredibly high that we are currently living inside one of those simulations and not in base reality.

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku32:52

       Well, my personal point of view is, is there's option four that you don't mention, and option four is that there is no simulation at all, that all this talk is nothing but fairy tales, fairy tales that we tell our children to amaze them about the universe. But you see, the universe is based on probabilities, probabilities that uranium will fire, for example, which gives us nuclear weapons, probability that hydrogen can fuse and that gives us stars. So the universe is based on probabilities, not on simulations.

21. 33:28 – 37:04

    Why Your Reality Is Only A Fraction Of Reality

    1. SBSteven Bartlett33:28

       Do you think what we're seeing, uh, this is a strange question to ask because again, there's so many defins- definitions within it, but do you think what we're seeing is real? Like, do you think this is... You know, 'cause people do psychedelic drugs and I hear about things like DMT. You inhale a little bit of smoke and suddenly everything you see is different and you meet, people talk about how they've met other types of life when they've taken an, uh, an inhale of DMT. They've interacted with some type of other life form. So I guess all this is to say that if our perceived reality is that fragile where we inhale one of smoke and suddenly we're amongst a different life form, then it makes us question whether this is real at all. And also like, uh, just to extend that a little bit further, if one inhalation of smoke, and I guess you could think about that as a bunch of small particles, can interrupt something in my brain that causes me to believe that I'm in a different universe, then doesn't that prove that my reality is just the projection of a very fragile small amount of particles that are right now lined up so that I see you and this?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku34:40

       Well, I think the answer to that is that what you consider to be reality is really a partial fiction, that your senses are limited by what your senses can retrieve from the outside world, but it's only a teeny weeny little fraction of what actually exists. Look at the electromagnetic spectrum of light, for example. You can't see all the ultraviolet radiation, the infrared, X-rays. This room is full of realities that you can't see. Most of what you see is a fragment, a teeny eensy weensy little fragment of reality. You can't see cosmic rays. You can't see ultraviolet radiation. So what I'm trying to tell you is that you live in an illusion. It's a good illusion for survival, but in terms of being able to see the full spectrum of reality as it exists, no, [laughs] there's no way. So you think reality is everything. Nope. It's only a tiny, tiny, eensy weensy little fragment of r- of reality. And then talking about this reality, [laughs] that's a fantasy on top of a fantasy. The first fantasy is that you think that what you see is real and everything. That's the first fantasy. The second fantasy is there's a fantasy within the first fantasy. So you're, you're going layer upon layer of fantasies. Now let me give you another example. Let's say you hear rustling in the forest. You think it's a tiger there. Nine times out of ten, there's no tiger there. But how come your senses are constantly alerting you to the tiger? And that is evolution. Evolution gives you the ability to see things that are not really there at all because it's good for survival. One time there is a tiger and it saves your butt. In other words, why are we here today? We're here today because our senses are overactive. Our senses think there's a lion, there's a tiger there when there's no lion or tiger there at all, but it was good for our survival-Okay? So our senses are only necessary for our survival. That's why we cannot see infrared, we cannot see ultraviolet, we cannot see the whole spectrum of reality, radio, everything. We can't see it all because it was not necessary for our survival.

22. 37:04 – 38:50

    Why Life Matters In An Infinite Universe

    1. SBSteven Bartlett37:04

       Why does life matter in the universe? Like what, what function does life have in the universe?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku37:10

       I think we create our own meaning individually.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett37:13

       But why would it-

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku37:14

       I think there's no universal meaning for life in general, but I think each of us create our own meaning.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett37:21

       I was saying this because you were talking about, you know, survival, and I was just wondering if there was some universal reason why survival is so important to the universe. But, uh, and-

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku37:31

       Survival is important for the universe 'cause we-- survival writes history. If there's no survival, there's nothing to write. There's no memories, there's no, uh, stories to tell, nothing. There's just the vacuum of space.

    7. SBSteven Bartlett37:44

       I was, I was also asking that, I guess, because you were saying how we only see o-one version of reality.

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku37:50

       Mm-hmm.

    9. SBSteven Bartlett37:51

       And so one would assume therefore that there's another version of reality that we can't even see. I mean, I've heard this f-before from physicists, you know. And if you just think about different animals, the bat sees a different version of reality to the whale.

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku38:03

        Like sonar, for example.

    11. SBSteven Bartlett38:04

        Sonar, for example. Even my dog. My dog seems to see a completely different version of reality than the one I see.

    12. MKDr. Michio Kaku38:09

        It smells much better than you. Olfactory nerves of a dog are infinitely better than our olfactory nerves in our nose. They have a different reality.

    13. SBSteven Bartlett38:19

        I guess it begs the question, like, what is all of this then?

    14. MKDr. Michio Kaku38:22

        We're talking about the meaning of life, for which I have no answer. Sorry about that.

    15. SBSteven Bartlett38:27

        I guess that was what I was asking, but I wasn't asking-- That wasn't what I was intending asking, but that's the base question, which is, what's the point?

    16. MKDr. Michio Kaku38:34

        I'm not even sure if the universe has a point, but my personal attitude is we create our own point. We create our own world and meaning within that world. It could be different from another person's meaning and understanding of the world, but it's good enough for me.

23. 38:50 – 40:50

    How Religion Could Be A Consequence Of Evolution

    1. SBSteven Bartlett38:50

       What do you think of the, um, human sort of pr-proclivity to imagine a god and to assign meaning and morality to that god and say, well, you know... 'Cause we do have this, we do live with this kind of God-shaped hole in our lives where we don't really know where we came from, we don't know what the point is. So I understand why it's tempting to say this book that someone wrote once upon a time that says, "This person, this thing created us, and these are the rules, and this is what good is, this is what bad is. This is what we get if we follow the rules." You know, as humans, we want that.

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku39:23

       Yes, and I think there's a reason for that, and the answer is evolution. What holds animals together? The alpha male, the top dog. As humans became more intelligent over millions of years, humans bicker. We argue. We challenge the leader, and then tribes would fall apart because you need some glue. You need some glue to hold it together, and if everyone becomes intelligent uniformly, there's no glue anymore. Everyone bickers. "I'm the leader." "No, I'm the leader," so on and so forth. So what happens is one person comes up and says, "I'm stronger than you, and I talk to somebody even stronger than me, God. And if you disobey me, then God will strike you down." In other words, God is a glue. God is a glue that holds sentient beings together when there's no reason to hold them together anymore, and they bicker, and they, the tribe falls apart. What holds the tribe together? God. Who is God? Well, God is not here, but the Son of God is here, and the Son of God says, "You gotta do this, you gotta do this, you gotta do this, and you gotta obey me. Why? 'Cause I'm the messenger. I'm the Son of God." So I think religion has a definite purpose. The purpose of religion is a glue to hold sentient, intelligent beings together.

24. 40:50 – 43:08

    What Consciousness Reveals About Being Human

    1. SBSteven Bartlett40:50

       What, what do you think consciousness is?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku40:52

       Consciousness, I think, is a question of awareness, the ability to create ideas about, you know, why. I mean, what does it mean? Meaning, to give meaning to things. Otherwise, things become meaningless. So I think that's the purpose of consciousness, is to give us an awareness of meaning.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett41:12

       Do you think, um, these big questions will ever be answered around, like, where we came from, what the point is? Do you think we'll ever have answers to these things?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku41:20

       Probably not. However, we have this instinctive urge to, to explore-

    5. SBSteven Bartlett41:26

       Mm-hmm

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku41:27

       ... to look for new territories and new ideas, and that is what I think keeps us going. Animals do not have that. You can't tell a dog, "Aren't you thrilled that we're going to this new, new house, this new whatever," right? And dog says, "No, just give me my, my dinner." So I think that humans are different. The purpose of the front part of our brain, the cerebral cortex that holds us together, is a time machine. It asks the question, what's gonna happen in the future? If you don't believe me, go to your dog tonight and ask your dog, uh, what did he do last night? Uh, and the dog will just bark. No interest in what happened yesterday, what's happened tomorrow. We constantly think about the future. We can't help it. We are constantly thinking about what's for dinner tomorrow. Who's my friend? Who's my enemy? What's gonna-- What am I gonna do next year? What college am I gonna go to? We c- are obsessed with the future. That's what separates us from the animal kingdom. Animals do not care about the future. They just care about survival. We, on the other hand, are obsessed with the future 'cause that's where our survival lies. And why is that? Because we don't have claws. We don't have fangs. We don't have huge muscles. We can't run very fast. We can't fly. We're not like the animals.We are dependent upon the front part of our brain, and that's why we ask these questions that you just asked. Why are you asking these questions? 'Cause you're programmed to ask these questions. Animals

25. 43:08 – 47:29

    Why AI Is Not As Smart As You Think

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku43:08

       are not.

    2. SBSteven Bartlett43:09

       I mean, on the subject of intelligence, there is now new types of intelligence amongst us. One of them, um, is referred to as artificial intelligence, which is actually modeled on how the brain works. You know, I've sat here with some of the experts in AI, and they've told me that they learnt a lot about the human brain, um, and how it reasons and, um, how it processes information with these neural nets, as they call it, which is, um, a, a concept that, that has been inspired by the brain. And with that, they've started to build these very intelligent machines, which a lot of people are now using in terms of large language models like ChatGPT, but, but we're going further and further into the world of artificial intelligence. So, I mean, one's gonna... one would reason that the future looks very, very, very different because of this new type of intelligence, and that it's gonna accelerate maybe a lot of the discoveries and, you know, that we've, we've pondered about today, but also that it's gonna change life as we know it. And I mean, some people even think that human life won't be the dominant form of intelligence in such a world. What, what do you think?

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku44:11

       Yes, I think that is a definite problem. Right now, I think a lot of our robots have the intelligence of a bug-

    4. SBSteven Bartlett44:18

       Mm-hmm

    5. MKDr. Michio Kaku44:19

       ... an insect. They don't plan. They can't, uh, articulate their thoughts and so, so forth, but they carry out orders very well. But eventually, it's only a matter of time before they become as smart as a mouse, then as smart as a rabbit, then as smart as a dog or a cat, and finally as smart as a monkey. At that point, they are potentially dangerous.

    6. SBSteven Bartlett44:43

       The AI models, though, that are available now are PhD level in terms of intelligence.

    7. MKDr. Michio Kaku44:50

       Uh, no, you cannot talk PhD physics with them. Uh, they're programmed. They're programmed to have certain f- uh, ways of thinking about certain things, but they're not original. You can't come up with a new theory of physics talking to a robot. They basically take what is programmed into them and work with that. Now, eventually, they may become creative, okay? But I think that's gonna take several decades before we are at that point.

    8. SBSteven Bartlett45:19

       When you say creative, what's your definition of creative in that context?

    9. MKDr. Michio Kaku45:23

       Robots right now take what is available to them and rearrange things, like writing a book.

    10. SBSteven Bartlett45:28

        Isn't that what humans do? Don't we take information and rearrange it?

    11. MKDr. Michio Kaku45:31

        Uh, yeah, but we come up with new ideas-

    12. SBSteven Bartlett45:33

        Based on that information

    13. MKDr. Michio Kaku45:34

        ... new concepts.

    14. SBSteven Bartlett45:35

        The AIs can make a photo that has never existed before, so isn't that by definition-

    15. MKDr. Michio Kaku45:40

        On the basis-

    16. SBSteven Bartlett45:40

        ... creative?

    17. MKDr. Michio Kaku45:40

        ... of what did exist before. In other words, something new, but basically a rearrangement of something that already existed.

    18. SBSteven Bartlett45:47

        So I'm saying, you know, the Michael Doc- Jackson documentary's just come out recently, and you see Michael Jackson, the way he moves, and you look at it and go, "Wow," like, "No one's ever moved like that before." And then my friend sent me this video, um, which was what Michael Jackson was actually inspired by. And it's this, um... I'll throw it up on the screen so other people can see. But it was something that came before Michael Jackson, and it was this guy who moved in this very interesting way. And when I watched this guy, I saw Michael Jackson.

    19. MKDr. Michio Kaku46:14

        Mm-hmm.

    20. SBSteven Bartlett46:14

        And so you look at someone like Michael Jackson, and you go, "Oh my God, an unbelievable creative genius artist," but even he was inspired by, by... See if I can get it to play. Even, you see, even he was inspired-

    21. MKDr. Michio Kaku46:25

        Mm

    22. SBSteven Bartlett46:25

        ... by this individual. And then if I, if I play it forward, I mean, this is how Michael Jackson moved.

    23. MKDr. Michio Kaku46:30

        Right. Well, art, the bottom line of art is mimicry. That's the bottom line of art, except you arrange things in an original way so it looks fresh.

    24. SBSteven Bartlett46:40

        Am I right in thinking that with Newton, he took the existing laws of physics and he-

    25. MKDr. Michio Kaku46:48

        Which were negligible. [laughs]

    26. SBSteven Bartlett46:50

        And he proposed-

    27. MKDr. Michio Kaku46:51

        There were no laws of physics before Newton.

    28. SBSteven Bartlett46:53

        And he proposed a question.

    29. MKDr. Michio Kaku46:55

        Mm-hmm.

    30. SBSteven Bartlett46:56

        And then he tested that question and found an answer.
26. 47:29 – 47:56

    Could AI Unlock New Scientific Discoveries?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett47:29

       Do you believe people like, uh, like the big, um, AI CEOs and Elon Musk when they say that AI will lead to new discoveries in science?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku47:38

       That's possible because there's so many laws in physics that are known that many of the new laws of physics are imitative, and you rearrange them and combine them in different ways. So it's possible that the big breakthroughs of the future will be guided by breakthroughs of the past. There's nothing wrong

27. 47:56 – 48:58

    Should We Be Worried About AI?

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku47:56

       with that.

    2. SBSteven Bartlett47:57

       Hmm. Are you concerned about AI at all?

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku47:59

       I'm concerned about AI in the larger perspective, that one day they could l- learn to do things that are bad, learn to kill, learn to maim, to, to, to harm people. Realize that every invention that we've made in the past, like the bow and arrow, could be used for good and bad. Everything, okay? The, the bow and arrow could be good for game, for food, for eating, but a bow and arrow could be good for slaughtering your, your next door neighbor. Any new invention has a double-edged sword to it. And so I think that so far, most of the, uh, uh, applications of artificial intelligence have been positive. We're talking about labor costs. We're talking about creating wealth. We're talking about making things faster, cheaper, better. That's all great. But you can also create artificial intelligent weapons as well.And the battlefield is where it's happening.

28. 48:58 – 49:23

    What Humans Can Do That AI Still Can't

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku48:58

       And if you take a look at what's happening in the Ukraine and, uh, Russia, already we're talking about aerial weapons that can use wires to li- lock onto their target.

    2. SBSteven Bartlett49:14

       Mm-hmm.

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku49:14

       And they use artificial intelligence to guide them with this wire, and they cannot be stopped using the usual techniques.

29. 49:23 – 51:31

    Ads

    1. SBSteven Bartlett49:23

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30. 51:31 – 52:28

    Could The Big Bang Be A Bubble Bath?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett51:31

       Going back to th- this, this question of the, the Big Bang and where we all came from, if you had to posit a guess as to what caused the Big Bang, would you land on this bubble bath theory that you talked about, where there's just lots and lots of universes, some of them are contracting and expanding? Is that where you would personally land?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku51:51

       Probably. If you take a look at empty space, we now believe that empty space is frothing, frothing with little bubbles, bubbles that pop into existence and then annihilate and go back into nothingness again. So even pure nothingness is chock-full of activity. And one day, we think, one day, one of these tiny little bubbles decided not to go back into the vacuum, but to keep on expanding and expanding, and that became the Big Bang. And so the theory says that the universe is dynamic and that universes are being created all

31. 52:28 – 54:37

    Do The Stories In The Bible Hold Up?

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku52:28

       the time.

    2. SBSteven Bartlett52:28

       What about Adam and Eve and this story?

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku52:32

       What about Adam and Eve?

    4. SBSteven Bartlett52:33

       You don't think the story is true that there was a, a garden, Adam and Eve, Adam ate the apple, put your clothes on, behave yourself, and then, you know, we all come from there?

    5. MKDr. Michio Kaku52:43

       Well, I think there's evolution, and evolution did create life forms that are single-celled, multi-celled, and then cells with a nervous system like fish, and then fish became land, uh, moving, uh, organisms. So I think there's a linear progression.

    6. SBSteven Bartlett53:02

       But you don't believe the stories told in the First Testament of the Bible around how humans came to be. God created the world in seven days. You don't believe that stuff 'cause you're-

    7. MKDr. Michio Kaku53:11

       Well, I think it's a fairy tale. I think it's a very compelling fairy tale. But I think that even the people who teach religion realize it as a metaphor, that we don't really mean twenty-four hours in a day 'cause that deals with the Earth. In the universe, there could be other worlds where a day is not twenty-four hours. A day does not look like what the Bible says in Genesis. So I think it's a, um, it's a way to organize your religion into a way that is digestible and, and people can understand it, and it touches people, which is, uh, which is the purpose of religion. The purpose of religion is to touch people, to bring them together into a commonality, and that's what the story of Genesis does. Religion, in some sense, is a way to help people, to show people guidance, the good life, so that you don't terrorize other people, that you make life better for other people. Not that it explains the meaning of existence, but it gives you a reason for existence.

    8. SBSteven Bartlett54:16

       And you would consider yourself to be an atheist?

    9. MKDr. Michio Kaku54:18

       No, uh, I'm agnostic. I believe that there's a lot of truth because it's a way of behaving. It's a way of learning how to be good to your neighbor. It's a glue that holds things together. Not that it gives meaning for life, but it shows the way.

    10. SBSteven Bartlett54:35

        It shows the way.

32. 54:37 – 58:03

    Where Morality Really Comes From

    1. SBSteven Bartlett54:37

       And, and the subject of morality is often so intrinsically linked to religion, which is what is good and what is bad. Where does your morality come from, Doctor?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku54:45

       Well, I was in the United States Army for two years, and at that point, I had to face death, and I had to face war. It was the height of the Vietnam War-There were 500 GIs dying every week, every week. Life Magazine published an issue where they had the pictures, just the pictures with no commentary of all the GIs that died that week. With no commentary, no "I told you so," just the pictures of those people that died. And then I realized that I would have to put my life on the line 'cause my number was up, and people were going into the military. And people were realizing, well, war is the way people, you know, will work out their differences. But then I began to realize, being in the military, that there is a morality there. I began to realize that the people that we were fighting had their own religion. They had their own way of looking at good and evil and whatever, and they were willing to sacrifice their life for their own freedom. I began to question religion at that point. Is it just a glue that holds people together? Is there a deeper meaning to the whole thing? So one day, I was learning how to throw hand grenades, and our, our sergeant, who was extru- explaining to us how to throw a hand grenade, had scars on one side of his face, big scars on his neck. And we asked him why. And he said, well, one day, a little Vietnamese boy came up to him, and the Vietnamese boy says, "Candy, candy. You want candy?" And the GI says, "No, no, no. Get away from me. I don't want candy." Well, the little boy showed what was in his hand. It was a hand grenade. It was not candy at all. And the little boy threw the hand grenade at the sergeant. Well, the sergeant immediately saw what the danger was, and he hit the ground as soon as he could, flat on the ground. The grenade exploded, and one half of his body got saturated with shrapnel. And then you have to ask yourself a question, why would a young boy do something like this? It's because he believed in something. And I think that was a, a real big lesson for me, and that is you have to believe in something. You have to believe in the goodness of men and also the fact that men can do evil, and you have to fight for what you think is right. And therefore, it's not just a question of we're number one, we're gonna win this war. I used to sing a song in the morning, "I wanna go to Vietnam, I wanna kill a Charlie Cong." I used to sing that every morning at 4:00 in the morning. And then I ask myself now, why? Were we on the right side or the wrong side? And then at that point, you begin to question what is right and what is wrong. And then you realize maybe I'm on the wrong side.

33. 58:03 – 59:09

    Is Warfare Built Into Human Nature?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett58:03

       Maybe I'm on the wrong side. I mean, it goes back to all the conflict happening at the moment because we're ideologically captured by whatever our own religious beliefs are, and that's causing us to turn against each other and, uh, each other and cause so much pain and suffering in the world. Do you think there's any chance that this could at all change, or is this just part of the human condition?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku58:24

       Well, if you take a look at the human condition, you realize that warfare has been an integral part of our evolution as a species. Even in the animal kingdom, animals will fight against other animals. And so my hope, however, is that we're different from the animals. We have a brain. We can make moral decisions. Animals do not understand the meaning of a moral decision. Animals is survival, is who's stronger, who has the food. We don't necessarily have to engage in that conflict. And so I would hope that we use the brain that we have to think through and create a better world.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett59:08

       One of the

34. 59:09 – 1:00:55

    Are There Infinite Universes?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett59:09

       things I heard when I was very young about the universe, and I guess this was inspired by some theory within physics, was that there are infinite amounts of worlds out there. And I heard this-- I heard someone say, "If the world is infinite, that means that there's a, someone like me, a Steven Bartlett, who has an identical life to me up there somewhere out in the stars, who's living a identical life to mine, maybe other than instead of in this cup, there's lemonade instead of coffee." This is what they call, is it called the many worlds theory, where they think there's theoretically-

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku59:41

       There's a version of the many worlds theory. But most many worlds theory simply says that there's an infinite number of universes and worlds out there. None of them necessarily identical to ours, but independent of us, that that is a distinct possibility.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett59:58

       But if there's infinite numbers, that means there's one just like this, identical to this.

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:00:02

       Not necessarily. You can have an, an infinite number of things that don't repeat. So in other words-

    5. SBSteven Bartlett1:00:06

       Oh, okay, yeah

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:00:06

       ... you don't necessarily have to have another civilization that is exactly like ours. You could, but it's not necessary if you believe in an infinite universe.

    7. SBSteven Bartlett1:00:17

       That's true, I guess. Do you think that's plausible, that there's an infinite number of-

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:00:21

       It's plausible. When you look at the, when you look at the night sky, [laughs] you're overwhelmed by the majesty of the night sky, and then you realize that we're nothing but a dot, a dot on this gigantic disk called the Milky Way galaxy. And if this is the Milky Way galaxy, then here we are thinking that this is the entire universe. [laughs]

    9. SBSteven Bartlett1:00:42

       This is just-

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:00:42

        We're nothing but a pinpoint on the Milky Way galaxy. And how many galaxies are there? We're talking about trillions of galaxies that are out there, each one containing roughly a hundred billion stars.

35. 1:00:55 – 1:02:49

    Why The Scale Of The Universe Makes Us Feel So Small

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:00:55

       How are we supposed to feel about this? I, I did this, um, star tour, um, a couple of months ago in LA where it-- all it was was a guy took me out to a field, not even a field, it was the desert in Joshua Tree at nighttime, and he just explained how far away all the stars are. And then I looked through a telescope and he was like, "Okay, this thing you're seeing here is a galaxy, and it's a gazillion miles that way, and this one is a galaxy as big as the Milky Way, and it's a gazillion miles that way." It made me feel a lot of things. It made me feel, one, irrelevant from a cosmic perspective. It also relieves one's anxiety. If anyone's anxious about this life, you kind of feel like you're not-- you don't matter that much. But also it can make you feel like it doesn't matter, like there's no point. Because I think there's a certain ego to humans where we wanna think it really, really, really matters. Now, it might matter to us, but does it actually matter to the universe? Does, does our lives matter to the universe?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:01:49

       Well, I like to think of it slightly differently. I think on the other side of the Milky Way galaxy, there's an alien-

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:01:55

       Mm-hmm

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:01:56

       ... who's writing the same equation that I'm writing down right now in different language, in different notations, but he's also discovering string theory. And there are a lot of galaxies out there, each one with an individual saying, "Gee, I think I discovered something new about the universe." And these laws are universal. The equations that I'm writing down right now are identical, in different language, with the equations that they're writing down billions of light-years from us, and that gives me a sense of oneness. It gives me a sense that, wow, we're part of a, a fellowship. We're part of a camaraderie. We're on the same quest, a quest to understand the nature of matter and energy. We're on the same boat. Even though we speak different language, even though we're on different sides of the universe, we're all part of the same club.

36. 1:02:49 – 1:05:23

    Will Humanity Destroy Itself Before Finding The Answers?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:02:49

       Don't you think it's plausible that we're gonna destroy ourselves before we, we ever figure that answer out, or before we get to meet these aliens? Because the technology we've been able to create so far, like nuclear weapons and even things like AI, you play this forward just on, you know, you talked about probabilities being the most important thing. The probability that one of these egomaniacs who has the launch codes for a nuclear weapon at some point decides that they're unhappy or they feel threatened is pretty high if you just extend time. I mean, the probability goes up theoretically with every year that passes that someone is gonna do-- make a mistake that wipes us out. And the more advanced our science gets, presumably, I mean, again, I'm just theorizing, the higher the probability that we create something that can destroy ourselves.

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:03:39

       Well, I like to look at it slightly differently. I say to myself, "What is the smallest unit of history?" And I say it's the decade. Anything smaller than a decade, you get random fluctuations, noises, accidents taking place in a decade. But if you look at human history decade by decade by decade, you realize that, oh my God, just a few decades ago it was horse and buggy. Before that, we, we just, uh, had plows. Before that, we were barbarians. And you begin to realize that we've come a long ways. Not that we hit the end, but we've come a long ways just in the decade-by-decade analysis of the history of the human race.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:04:23

       And we've got closer to being able to destroy ourselves.

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:04:25

       That, that's true, too, because before we couldn't destroy ourselves. Now, for the first time in human history, we have the potential of destroying ourselves with designer germs, with nuclear weapons, with perhaps artificial intelligence. We didn't have that capability before, and it's only been in the last eighty years or so as a consequence. So I think that, first of all, it means that every decade tremendous progress is made. There's no doubt about that. But second, we're on a knife's edge. You tilt it the wrong way and there's world war. You tilt it the other way and there's food and luxury for everyone. And it's up to us to decide which way the knife will go. But my point is, decade by decade, we see the enormous progress that we humans have made. The next question is, what about the next few decades? [chuckles] That's a big question mark.

37. 1:05:23 – 1:06:32

    Will Humans Ever Travel To Other Planets?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:05:23

       Do you think humanity are gonna be able to travel out there amongst the stars and become multi-planetary like someone like Elon Musk is, um, planning?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:05:31

       Well, I think it's for certain that we're gonna go not just to the Moon, but to Mars, and maybe even beyond that. Maybe not in our lifetime, but in our grandchildren's lifetime, we may break through and visit other planets within our, our solar system. Now, to go beyond that would require some sort of warp drive. Because of the fact that the nearest star is probably orbiting Alpha Centauri, which is four and a half light-years away from the planet Earth. So you realize it would take hundreds, if not thousands, of years to begin the colonization of the nearby star systems. [page flips]

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:06:14

       There should be a button just down below here, and if it says "subscribed" you're already subscribed. If it says "subscribe," that means you're not yet. And if you're not subscribed, please could you do us a favor and hit that button? It helps the show more than you know, and according to the algorithm, you're someone that watches our show, but you haven't yet hit that button. Thank you so much. [page flips]

38. 1:06:32 – 1:07:51

    The One Mystery Of The Universe Worth Solving

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:06:32

       If you could answer any one mystery of the universe, you know, I just-- I have it down here, the answer. What, what would you seek to answer?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:06:42

       Well, it's what I'm seeking for my entire life, and that is we want that one equation which is the secret of the universe. We have the electromagnetic force equation that's like half an inch long. We have the equation for gravity that's also about half an inch long.So why not the theory of everything maybe an inch long? We're not there yet, but I think it does exist. And if we were to find it, that would give us an understanding of the entire universe. And I think we're very close.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:07:15

       You think we're close?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:07:15

       I think we're close.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett1:07:17

       What makes you think w- we're close?

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:07:19

       Because so far, the theories that we do have are almost like magic. You look at the history of the equations of physics, and you realize they get, they get simpler and simpler and simpler with time. You can write down Newton's equation, Maxwell's equations, the equation for the nuclear force on one sheet of paper. One sheet of paper. The force that governs gravity, we don't have that yet, but we have the other forces, and the equations are very simple. And that's why I think that the final equation will also be simple.

39. 1:07:51 – 1:08:37

    The Hidden Patterns Behind Nature

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:07:51

       One of the things that, uh, that sometimes inspires me is that when you look at nature or when you look at something like the human brain, you see the same patterns as you see when you look up out at the stars. And one of the-- I mean, I'm so fascinated by the nature of the human brain because it seems to be so, so powerful, and it also seems to have patterns we see in the wider universe. Do you ever think about this, about the brain and how astonishing it is as a, as a thing?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:08:17

       Well, when I look at the animals, that makes me triply impressed. The fact that animals cannot share in that, that we see a universe that the animals cannot see. We see patterns. We see meaning. We give rhyme and reason to what we see. With animals, it says, "Where's my dinner?"

40. 1:08:37 – 1:08:53

    Is The Brain As Fascinating As The Universe?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:08:37

       Do you think the brain is as fascinating as the universe is fascinating?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:08:42

       I think the universe is more fascinating. No matter how fast we are with physics and the mathematics of physics, pure mathematics is still more, more profound.

41. 1:08:53 – 1:09:57

    How Life Could Change By The Year 2100

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:08:53

       You wrote this book called The Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100. If I was alive in 2100, based on everything you know about physics, what am I likely to see, experience? How is life likely to be different in that future?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:09:11

       Well, I think we'll probably be on the Moon, maybe onto Mars, and perhaps even dream about sending the first space probes even beyond that. We're talking about being able to use artificial intelligence to send probes out there. Of course, we're not gonna go to the stars. That's, that's a few hundred years into the future. But I think that we will begin to s- to understand the solar system within this century. And this also means that we'll have artificial intelligence, a cure for cancer, and maybe one will a-aid the other. Maybe artificial intelligence will help us to cure cancer and many diseases. And longevity, perhaps we'll begin the process of solving the immortality crisis.

42. 1:09:57 – 1:11:43

    The Secret To Immortality

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:09:57

       Do you think we will be able to live forever in the near future?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:10:00

       I think there's a possibility that we may have an indefinite lifespan. I think that's a possibility.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:10:05

       And you think it's possible within the laws of, I guess, physics and biology?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:10:11

       Yes. Um, at the end of our chromosomes, every cell, there's something called the telomeres. And the telomeres are like a clock. They get shorter every time a cell reproduces. And when the telomere gets so short, it frays, falls apart, and you die. So we have a time limit. We've also discovered telomerase, a chemical that stops the clock. This was incredible when it was first announced, that if there's a clock in our body called the telomeres that tracks how long we're gonna live, and there's something called telomerase which stops the clock, then can we live forever? Well, that was the good news. Then the bad news was we found out that most of our-- to our shock, cancer also uses telomeres and telomerase to live forever. Why does cancer kill you? Because they are immortal. In principle, they could, they could live forever. And so it means that the secret of immortality is tantalizing close. We do know that there are cells that make immortality possible, but there's a price to pay. The price to pay is you don't want cancers to also follow you. So here's the trick of the game. We have a whole bunch of top people in the sciences and medicine looking for ways to extend the human lifespan with the telomeres without wakening up the cancers that make c-cancer possible.

43. 1:11:43 – 1:13:45

    What Quantum Computers Could Change Forever

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:11:43

       One of the, uh, things you wrote a book about two years ago, or three years ago now in 2023, that's when it was published, um, is this thing here.

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:11:53

       That's right.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:11:54

       What is this?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:11:56

       This is the future. This is a quantum computer. It's a computer that computes not on transistors, which is old-fashioned. It computes on atoms. Think about that. The ultimate object beyond the transistor that you can compute with is the atom. And how do transistors work? Transistors can be up or down, up or down. It's called digital.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett1:12:21

       Can you demonstrate that on there? And this is your other little-

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:12:24

       Yeah. So think of this as a cell, and the cell could either be switched on-

    7. SBSteven Bartlett1:12:29

       Yeah

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:12:29

       ... or switched off. If you take a computer and open it up, what do you find? Switches like this. They're called transistors. Transistors that tell you whether it's on or off.

    9. SBSteven Bartlett1:12:39

       Mm-hmm.

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:12:39

        Now, that's digital. This is the revolution of today. This is the revolution of tomorrow. Not just up or down, of in between. How many states are there between zero and one? [chuckles] In principle, an infinite number of states between zero and one. So this is the basis of a digital computer.

    11. SBSteven Bartlett1:13:02

        Mm-hmm.

    12. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:13:02

        This is the basis of a quantum computer. Quantum computers are so powerful that even the CIA is worried that one day, perhaps in the future, they'll be so powerful they'll be able to break into any known digital code.So even the CIA is worried about the fact that these could become so powerful that they'll allow you to break into any known computer. So these are called quantum computers. Why are they powerful? Because they compute not on transistors, they compute on atoms. And you can't get much smaller than an atom and have stable matter. But that's what quantum computers can do. And they exist. This is not science fiction.

44. 1:13:45 – 1:16:14

    Google's Quantum Computer Warning

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:13:45

       They already exist.

    2. SBSteven Bartlett1:13:46

       So just to simplify this in a way that I can understand it, normal computers are very, very simple like this switch. They, they kind of exist in a linear direction.

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:13:55

       Up or down, on or off.

    4. SBSteven Bartlett1:13:56

       Kind of binary yes or no.

    5. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:13:58

       That's right.

    6. SBSteven Bartlett1:13:58

       Whereas a quantum computer is more like this, where it can, it can process information in so many different directions-

    7. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:14:05

       Right

    8. SBSteven Bartlett1:14:05

       ... at the same time, so that it's gonna be m- way more powerful.

    9. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:14:08

       Way more powerful than up and down.

    10. SBSteven Bartlett1:14:10

        Way faster. And I was looking recently and Google, um, did an announcement, uh, uh, actually this year, where they basically set a deadline for the cybersecurity world and they started to warn governments and banks and other tech giants that because they have a qu- quantum computer now that is very, very powerful, they're worried that it'll be able to crack a lot of the digital worlds that we all rely on, including banks, even Bitcoin, which was quite interesting. And they've set 2029 as the, the deadline for everybody to get their shit together. This is a massive threat to things like Bitcoin, which is, Bitcoin is e- essentially secured by a equation that they believe quantum computers are gonna be able to very easily crack. And if they do that, then everyone's Bitcoin, for example, is, um, is at jeopardy. But beyond Bitcoin, what does the world look like in a world where we have these incredible computers?

    11. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:15:05

        Well, first of all, who's doing this work? And it turns out the CIA is following this work very carefully because with this you'd be able to crack any code. Why is it that a thief cannot steal your bank account today? It's because that thief does not have your digital code. If a thief has your digital code, [laughs] there goes your life savings out the window. Capitalism would vanish. Society would, would come to a halt. There'd be civil war. There'd be all sorts of chaos taking place. But codes are there not to be broken. To break a code, you have to have another code. And so the CIA and other organizations create these very complicated codes that you have to master. Quantum computers can do it. But we're not there yet. But it's coming. I don't know when. Some people say in a few decades. Some people say sooner. I don't know. I just know that the world is gambling that we'll find a way to stop quantum computers from breaking into digital computers.

45. 1:16:14 – 1:17:58

    How He Built An Atom Smasher In High School

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:16:14

       You've been working on physics for the last, what, s- we said, what, 71 years? Uh, as a kid, I, I was reading about how you started making your own atom smasher, I guess you'd call it, a, a particle collider machine.

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:16:29

       That's right. When I was in high school.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:16:31

       That's a very strange thing for a high school kid to be doing.

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:16:35

       Well, I was fascinated by the work of Einstein and the work of people working on subatomic particles, and I got interested in antimatter.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett1:16:44

       Antimatter?

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:16:45

       Antimatter is the opposite of matter. When I combine matter and antimatter, I get a bomb. So you have to be very careful that you don't marry matter with antimatter. And antimatter behaves the opposite of ordinary matter. If ordinary matter goes clockwise in magnetic field, antimatter goes counterclockwise in that same magnetic field. And so as a science project, I wanted to photograph the tracks of antimatter. So I got hundreds of miles of copper wire, built a cloud chamber, and I was able to prove that I could photograph the tracks of antimatter. And for that, I won grand prize at the San Francisco Science Fair, and that began my, my career. Just before I graduated from high school, I decided to top that by creating an atom smasher. A 2.3 million electron volt betatron particle accelerator. It consumed six kilowatts of power. Everything that my mother's house had, it would absorb, and that was the goal. To build a machine that would create my own beam of antimatter. So I got started very early, and I said to myself, "This is for me. This is what I wanna do

46. 1:17:58 – 1:20:11

    Ads

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:17:58

       for a living"

    2. SBSteven Bartlett1:17:59

       Every time I've tried to improve something in my life, like my businesses, my health, my relationships, I've noticed that the biggest shifts have come from being better informed. And when it comes to our health, most of us know very, very little. So when our team was approached about partnering with Function Health, it felt very much aligned. Their team has developed a way of giving you a full 360-degree view of your health, many of the things that are going on in your body, in the form of different tests. You do one blood draw, and it gives you access to over 160 lab results. Hormones, heart health, inflammation, stress, toxins, the whole picture. I use it and so have many of my team members.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:18:34

       You sign up and you schedule your tests, and once you're done, you get a little report like the one I have here. I can see my in-range results, my out-of-range results, and there's a little AI function too. So if I have any questions about my out-of-range results, I can just go in there and ask it any question I want. And these tests are backed by doctors and thousands of hours of research.

    4. SBSteven Bartlett1:18:51

       It's $365 for a yearly membership. Go to functionhealth.com/doac and use the code DOAC25 for $25 off your membership. I've done almost 700 interviews with some of the most interesting people in the world, and one of the things you learn, which is unexpected, is that vulnerability is the doorway to connection. And after sitting here for two, three hours with a guest, I feel a deep sense of connection to them. And as they leave, what I get them to do is to write a question in The Diary Of A CEO. We've taken all of the questions from The Diary Of A CEO. We have put the questionHere on this card with the name of the person that wrote it. So you can sit at home as I do with my fiancée and my colleagues at work and other people in my life. Whenever we get a minute, we play The Diary Of A CEO conversation cards, and it is incredible what happens. These are great if you're in a romantic relationship and you want to connect your partner more. These are also great if you're in a team and you want to bond your team together. And I have to say they're also great for families that want to learn more about each other and that need a good excuse to spend some time in a digital world, in the analog environment, connecting human to human. It is remarkable what the right question at the right time can do. Go to thediary.com and you can get these conversation cards right now.

47. 1:20:11 – 1:21:19

    What Made Him More Open Minded About Reality

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:20:11

       Is there anything you discovered through your work in physics that changed your day-to-day behavior and life? How you treat people, how you show up, what you think matters?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:20:22

       No, but the one thing that did change my attitude toward life, other people, was being in the Army. Yeah, that was a game changer. That changed everything I knew, or which I thought I knew. Before then, I was single-mindedly focused on physics. Just physics. Do physics well. That was my life. But after seeing warfare up close, I began to realize there's more to life than warfare.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:20:49

       I think I ask this in part because last time I spoke to a physicist and he talked to me about how the nature of reality is not what I think it is, and that there's multiple, I guess, dimensions, and that I'm only seeing a fraction of what is real, um, which I think all physicists agree upon. It sounds a bit like a conspiracy theory or something, but actually, logically, it makes a lot of sense to only see what you need to see to survive. And actually-

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:21:12

       That's right. What you see, your conception of the three-dimensional world is only the tiniest sliver of actually

48. 1:21:19 – 1:22:20

    Do Ghosts Really Exist?

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:21:19

       exists.

    2. SBSteven Bartlett1:21:19

       And when I heard that, it made me open-minded to a lot of the things I thought were conspiracy nonsense. It made me open-minded to ghosts. Maybe ghosts are real.

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:21:32

       Well, I wouldn't go that far. [laughs]

    4. SBSteven Bartlett1:21:34

       Well, you know, maybe another dimension where there's another-- there's spirits that can see me, but I can't see them.

    5. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:21:40

       Well, there could be other spatial dimensions. That's within the realm of possibility.

    6. SBSteven Bartlett1:21:45

       What do you think happens when we die? Do you think, do you think that's it? Or do you think there are-- there's a possibility that there's ghosts and that our spirit, our soul goes somewhere?

    7. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:21:54

       I don't see it happening because your brain, your personality, your thoughts are electrical. And when you die, the electricity turns off. There's nothing propelling thinking anymore. Thinking requires a lot of energy. Even in ghosts. If ghosts exist, they would still require a lot of energy to keep the thoughts going. But that's why I don't believe in ghosts, because I don't see an energy source that propels the ghosts.

49. 1:22:20 – 1:23:01

    Are Energy And Auras Real?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:22:20

       People talk a lot about spirituality. They talk about, you know, things like chakras and a lot of spiritual people talk about vibrations. It's a phrase that I often hear in the spiritual communities. Do you believe in anything like that in terms of humans having energies and being able to feel each other's energies?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:22:39

       Well, I think that if a person emanates a certain, uh, aura or a vibe, that doesn't necessarily mean they're radiating something.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:22:47

       But is there any physics behind that idea?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:22:50

       I think it's psychological that you are tuned, tuned into a certain personality, a certain way of movement. I think it's psychological rather than physical.

50. 1:23:01 – 1:23:35

    The Belief He Has Not Proven Yet

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:23:01

       What is, what is something you believe that you haven't proven?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:23:04

       Well, there's a lot of things that haven't been proven. All I can say is maybe, maybe not. Like flying saucers. I don't say they don't exist or they exist. I say maybe. I just haven't seen concrete evidence for them, that's all. So there's a lot of things that I'm not gonna definitely say no, like ghosts. I don't think there are ghosts, but I can't prove it. Maybe there is some afterlife of some sort, but it does go against what is measurable. We've seen no measurement of somebody that's been able to pick up vibrations from a

51. 1:23:35 – 1:24:35

    Does Legacy Really Matter?

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:23:35

       ghost.

    2. SBSteven Bartlett1:23:36

       How would you like to be remembered someday, long after you're gone? Do you care about being remembered? Do you care about legacy?

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:23:44

       Well, I care about leading a good life that I feel comfortable with.

    4. SBSteven Bartlett1:23:48

       Mm-hmm.

    5. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:23:49

       And if you, if your books and your teachings and your lectures, if they live on beyond you, that's a bonus. It means that you had an impact. It means you touched people. You touched people's lives with ideas. And when I go down the street, quite a few people come up to me and they say, "I saw you on this show. I saw you on that show." And that gives me a nice feeling. Of course, after I'm gone, there's no, no, nothing to feel. But when you're still alive, it gives you a nice feeling knowing that you've had an impact, knowing that you've changed somebody's life. Several people have come up to me and said, "I became a physicist because of you." So that's, uh, a nice, nice way to view reality, that you touch people.

52. 1:24:35 – 1:25:32

    Do His Predictions Always Come True?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:24:36

       Is there, is there anything that you used to think was a conspiracy theory that you now know to be true?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:24:42

       Well, I like to debunk, so as soon as someone says something outlandish, I say to myself, "Sure, sure."

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:24:49

       But that's what I mean, like you've, you know, you're, you're a debunker. So at some, some stage in your life you must have had the experience of thinking something can't be true and being proven wrong.

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:24:58

       Usually when I make predictions, they come out to be true. Maybe the timeline is a little bit exaggerated, but they turn out to be true. So I haven't made any predictions or observations that were later shown to be false.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett1:25:12

       What predictions are you making now then about the, the nature of reality in the future?

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:25:16

       Well, I talk about the nature of string theory in the future, whether or not we really will have a theory of everything. Flying saucers, I talk about the fact that even though we have no evidence today, you know, there's a mountain of these things being declassified now. Maybe we'll pick up shreds of evidence.

53. 1:25:32 – 1:26:36

    What The UFO Files Actually Revealed

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:25:32

       Did you look at the declassified information that Trump released on UFOs?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:25:35

       Yeah, I've looked at the whole, the whole batch. A hundred and sixty or so sightings.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:25:40

       Was there anything in there that was compelling to you?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:25:42

       No, just lights dancing in the sky without any commentary, so you don't know what they are.But they could be extraterrestrial. But you see, these things are two-dimensional. They're taken by a camera which is-- flattens the image.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett1:25:57

       Hmm.

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:25:57

       Therefore, to judge distance is very tricky.

    7. SBSteven Bartlett1:26:01

       Do you believe that you're looking at extraterrestrial life forms when you watch these videos of UFOs?

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:26:08

       I'm open to the idea. I don't think there's any smoking gun yet-

    9. SBSteven Bartlett1:26:12

       You-

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:26:12

        But I'm open to the idea that these are extraterrestrial.

    11. SBSteven Bartlett1:26:14

        You see some of them going up and then down and then into the ocean and coming back up again. Do you-- When you watch that, do you think these are aliens or do you just think it's people that have misunderstood what they're looking at?

    12. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:26:24

        I leave open the probability that it could be one or the other. There's no aha moment where I say that it's nothing but reflection, it's nothing but an optical illusion. There's no aha moment.

54. 1:26:36 – 1:28:47

    Has Non-Human Life Visited Earth?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:26:36

       If you had to bet everything you love and cherish on either side of the fence that non-human life had made contact with the Earth at some point in some form or not, which side would you place everything you love and care about on yes, aliens have made contact with us Earth in some form or no?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:26:56

       Well, I would have to say I don't know.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:26:58

       If you, but if you had to.

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:26:59

       I know it's, it's a cop-out.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett1:27:01

       No, but, uh, you know, as if everything on the, was on the line, one would have to move yet to yes or no. And I would personally, I would personally probably say probably no, if you made me bet everything.

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:27:16

       I'd say maybe yes.

    7. SBSteven Bartlett1:27:17

       You'd say yes?

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:27:18

       But no, no, no, no, maybe yes. Very important, the word maybe. I'm a, I'm a scientist, and somebody's gonna use that against me by saying, "You said on television that this and this is true." No, I said maybe. That doesn't mean it actually is true. It just means I open the possibility that it's true.

    9. SBSteven Bartlett1:27:35

       But if you were held at gunpoint, doctor, and at gunpoint they said, "Right, you've got to say yes or no, and if you're right or wrong, that determines your fate."

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:27:48

        I would have to say maybe. [laughs] I know what you're getting at. You wanna like, you know, corner the fox, right?

    11. SBSteven Bartlett1:27:54

        Yeah, well to some degree, yeah, I'm trying to corner the fox. Um, but I'm, but I'm doing it to understand where your intuition or your, your bias lands because-

    12. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:28:05

        I say there's not enough conclusive evidence. There's no aha moment. I do see a lot of maybes.

    13. SBSteven Bartlett1:28:11

        A lot of maybes. Hmm. Yeah, I think, I, I mean, I think that's probably the intellectually honest answer is maybe. Um, but if I was forced to fall on one side of the fence, I'd, I'd probably say no, because I don't have s- enough conviction to say yes. I see no evidence to say yes other than, you know, some sightings of some things. But I'm open-minded. Maybe it'll change. Um, doctor, we have a closing tradition on this podcast where the last guest leaves a question for the next guest not knowing who they're leaving it for. And the question left for you in my diary is:

55. 1:28:47 – 1:29:20

    The Best Way To Deal With Failure

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:28:48

       What is the best strategy to deal with failure?

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:28:54

       I think the best strategy to deal with failure is try it again. I think on the first try you're bound to make mistakes 'cause it's a learning curve, and that learning curve is, is instructive. It teaches you. It teaches you to try it again, but make a slight change. Make a slight change and hope that change is in the right direction. If not, make another change and see whether that puts you in the right direction.

56. 1:29:20 – 1:30:14

    The Advice He Would Give His 8 Year Old Self

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:29:20

       If you could, um, go back to when you were that seven-year-old kid that was just getting into physics and you-

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:29:24

       Yeah, eight-year-old. Yeah.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:29:25

       Eight-year-old. And give him any advice that would best serve him for the next seventy years, what advice would you have given him?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:29:34

       I'd say carry on. I've made, made a lot of decisions that I feel good about, decisions that made me a better person. For example, when I went into the Army, at that point I thought, what could be worse than facing death on the battlefield to die on some unnamed hill in some unnamed land? And then I began to realize, well, yeah, that's a possibility, but there's another possibility that you may survive, that you may learn from that experience. If you're not here to learn, okay, so be it. But if you are here to learn, you gain wisdom by being in the military, and that I think is a positive thing.

57. 1:30:14 – 1:32:47

    Would Aliens Have Empathy?

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:30:14

       We, we were talking about UFOs and alien life, um, at the start of this conversation, and one of the questions that's adjacent to it is if alien life were to come here at some point, do you think they would have empathy for us or do you think that's potentially a human trait? Do you think they-- You know, 'cause in the movies they attack us.

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:30:33

       Well, if I were to shoot in the dark, I'd say first of all they're robotic. They're not organic at all.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:30:38

       Really?

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:30:39

       Because they exhibit maneuvers that would crush the bones of any, any living creature that we know of. These flying saucers can zigzag. They can dive from seventy thousand feet all the way down. They can dive underwater. These require skills and tensions and vibrations that would crack any known US device in half, and there they are executing these things. Either they're fake or they're extraterrestrial. So I think that they have a technology that we can only dream of.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett1:31:13

       So when we're looking at these UAP images and videos, if they are to be real, then you're saying there's no life in them at all and it's actually just machine intelligence?

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:31:23

       That's right. In fact, that's probably one reason why they don't come out and greet us like in the movies. In the movies they always come out and say, "Hello, Earth man." No, I personally think they're robotic.

    7. SBSteven Bartlett1:31:34

       This question of empathy, do you posit that they might be empathetic? Do you f- do you posit they would want to destroy us? I mean, what would-

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:31:40

       Will they destroy us or will they want to? The answer I think is no, because they could have done it years ago. You realize that if you go back even the Bible makes reference to a UFO. If you take a look at Ezekiel-Ezekiel saw the wheel in the sky, and some people say there was no wheel, [chuckles] that was a UFO. So who knows for sure. But if the aliens really wanted to destroy us, they could have done it years ago. They don't have to wait. But if you go to a zoo, even if the zoo is lifelike to the point where the animals themselves don't even know they're in a zoo, it's peaceful, that you can observe them without necessarily, uh, revealing your presence. And in that sense, it could be like living in a zoo. Not that they wanna gawk at us and laugh at us, but just observe us.

    9. SBSteven Bartlett1:32:34

       So you think that they will be-- they won't want to destroy us, which is comforting to hear.

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:32:39

        I think if they had the chance to destroy us and they wanted to, they could have done it decades ago. But here we are.

58. 1:32:47 – 1:35:00

    How Humanity Should Treat Alien Life

    1. SBSteven Bartlett1:32:47

       It's an interesting idea. Uh, [clears throat] when you talked about, um, this extraterrestrial life potentially being robotic, it does-- my, my-- it kind of makes sense to me because we're on a course to create humanoid robots and robots that, um, can... I was w- actually watching this morning, there's a video that one of these humanoid robot companies are streaming, and it's, they're streaming a humanoid robot working on a production line for four hours straight so everybody can watch. And all it's doing is sorting packages out, but it's been going for four days straight. And if you play this forward, you go, this robot can go walk across the office, and it can charge itself back up once it runs out of battery, and then they show it going back to work again. When I say play it forward, I mean, imagine this technology continues to improve on the trajectory it's on. The battery technology gets better, the intelligence gets better, and then theoretically, this robot will be able to build a spaceship, theoretically, and travel into the universe, theoretically, at some point.

    2. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:33:42

       Yeah.

    3. SBSteven Bartlett1:33:42

       If you imagine any rate of improvement. So it's theor- theoretical that, okay, humans might not be able to survive the crushing forces of that speed, but a, a robot could.

    4. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:33:52

       My personal attitude is that we should eventually merge with them.

    5. SBSteven Bartlett1:33:55

       Merge with the robots?

    6. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:33:56

       That's right. That's my personal feeling, 'cause people talk about whether they're good, whether they're bad, so on and so forth. Well, the bottom line is they are gonna become more powerful. And not now, but who knows, maybe in the next century they'll begin to make reasonable choices. They'll reason. They'll plot future histories. And at that point, they could be potentially dangerous. So what do we do? Either we become super powerful and meet the challenge, or we merge with them.

    7. SBSteven Bartlett1:34:27

       When you say merge with them, what do you mean?

    8. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:34:31

       Become like them. Become part robotic ourselves. Become superhuman.

    9. SBSteven Bartlett1:34:34

       As in when we're born as kids, maybe we have an implant and it makes us, turns us into a robot, or?

    10. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:34:40

        Yeah. In other words, we are still looking the same, except we have superhuman abilities, and our brain is connected, either directly or by remote control, to a central nervous system that does the calculations and performs these calculations much better than we can, and, um, we become

59. 1:35:00 – 1:36:36

    What Jobs Will AI Take First?

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:35:00

       superhuman.

    2. SBSteven Bartlett1:35:01

       This is the, uh, the video that I'm talking about. This is actually a live video. So this is live as we're watching.

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:35:06

       Mm-hmm.

    4. SBSteven Bartlett1:35:06

       What they've got is they've got a human being here who's sorting the packages.

    5. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:35:11

       Mm-hmm. Yeah.

    6. SBSteven Bartlett1:35:11

       And they've got, they've got the humanoid robot here.

    7. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:35:14

       Right.

    8. SBSteven Bartlett1:35:15

       And they're just counting how many packages each of them can sort.

    9. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:35:19

       Mm-hmm.

    10. SBSteven Bartlett1:35:20

        And this robot has been doing this for four days straight.

    11. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:35:23

        Yeah.

    12. SBSteven Bartlett1:35:24

        Anyway, you play this forward and it asks a big question about the future of humanity-

    13. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:35:30

        Mm-hmm

    14. SBSteven Bartlett1:35:30

        ... when there's humanoid robots that-

    15. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:35:31

        Well, I think menial jobs will go out the window like this. Jobs that are repetitive, jobs that just require your arms and legs, those jobs will be gradually phased out, and new jobs will open up. New jobs that require thinking, human relations, organizing, directing other people. Robots can't do any of that stuff. Robots simply do what they're told to do, repetitively, okay? We make decisions. We know how to interface with other things. We plot, we plan. Robots can't do that. Now, that doesn't mean they can't eventually, but it just means that the next step beyond this will be robots that can do a little bit of mental work, and it means that we have to retrain the workforce so that they can become, uh, masters of the robots. In other words, we are masters of tools, hammers, saws, whatever. We're the master of them. They're not the master of us, okay? We tell the hammer and the ch- and the chisel what to do because we lord over

60. 1:36:36 – 1:39:11

    How AI Agents Execute A Plan

    1. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:36:36

       them.

    2. SBSteven Bartlett1:36:36

       Have you used AI agents before?

    3. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:36:39

       I've used AI before, but not necessarily... Which, which agent are you talking about?

    4. SBSteven Bartlett1:36:42

       So I've got, like, on my phone, I can say, "I need a new umbrella for my patio outside my house."

    5. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:36:47

       Yeah.

    6. SBSteven Bartlett1:36:48

       And it'll go on the internet, it'll look at the prices, it'll look at everything. It'll-

    7. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:36:50

       Yeah. Well, I can just type on the computer screen a question.

    8. SBSteven Bartlett1:36:54

       Mm.

    9. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:36:54

       Uh, and the computer will come up with an answer.

    10. SBSteven Bartlett1:36:57

        But, uh, you, you were talking about planning there, so I was saying that the agent basically makes the plan and then it spends a couple of-- it could spend an hour executing that plan.

    11. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:37:05

        Oh, you mean not just coming up with the plan, but actually executing-

    12. SBSteven Bartlett1:37:08

        Yes

    13. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:37:08

        ... the plan.

    14. SBSteven Bartlett1:37:09

        Yeah, yeah, yeah. It can do both. But I'm just saying you were talking about how, um, humans have this, you know, this ability to make decisions. I'm saying that the AI agent is making decisions like a human would.

    15. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:37:19

        No, you tell it what to do. The computer's probably programmed to look for a reference, like in encyclopedia, a handbook, the internet. In other words, if you say, "I wanna know the best car," it'll carry that out by looking at the internet, going through different cars.

    16. SBSteven Bartlett1:37:36

        Mm.

    17. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:37:36

        It doesn't need you to tell that. But if you were to ask something more complicated, "Go to the supermarket and buy me some eggs," no robot can do that.

    18. SBSteven Bartlett1:37:45

        Have you been to LA? 'Cause if you're in LA, there's all these robots just strolling around the streets delivering food. They deliver food in LA.

    19. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:37:52

        Oh, yeah, but that's just crawling on a sidewalk. [chuckles]

    20. SBSteven Bartlett1:37:55

        That's what, that's what humans do.

    21. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:37:56

        I thought you meant driving a car. Driving a car and going up the stairs and whatever. That's just going on a sidewalk.

    22. SBSteven Bartlett1:38:03

        Which is what a human does.

    23. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:38:05

        [chuckles] Yeah, but humans can do a lot more.

    24. SBSteven Bartlett1:38:08

        [laughs] Okay. Thank you so much, Doctor. I appreciate your time today, and I've learned so much about all of these fascinating things, and as always, when I w- listen to your content, I find myself more curious about the nature of reality, and I realize how little we know, which makes me, and I would guess thousands of other people that have followed your work... 'Cause I was going through your videos earlier on, and so many of the top comments are people saying that you're the reason they worked harder in their physics classes.

    25. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:38:32

        Oh, really?

    26. SBSteven Bartlett1:38:33

        Yeah. I was on a, a couple of the podcasts that you've been on, and so many of the top comments say exactly that. They say, "You're the reason I worked harder. You're the person that made me more curious." And I just think that's such a wonderful thing because-

    27. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:38:42

        Mm-hmm

    28. SBSteven Bartlett1:38:42

        ... as you said at the start, physics is the basis of everything.

    29. MKDr. Michio Kaku1:38:44

        Yeah.

    30. SBSteven Bartlett1:38:45

        And, uh, the more we understand, the better the lives we could live-

Episode duration: 1:39:11