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How to Prevent & Treat Colds & Flu

In this episode, I explain the biology of the common cold and flu (influenza) and how the immune system combats these infections. I describe behavior, nutrition and supplementation-based tools supported by peer-reviewed research to enhance immune system function and better combat colds and flu. I also dispel common myths about how the cold and flu are transmitted and when you and those around you are contagious. I explain if common preventatives and treatments such as vitamin C, zinc, vitamin D and echinacea work. I also highlight other compounds known to reduce contracting and duration of colds and flu. I discuss how to use exercise and sauna to bolster the immune response. This episode will help listeners understand how to reduce the chances of catching a cold or flu and help people recover more quickly from and prevent the spread of colds and flu. Correction: I misspoke in the episode. A micron is 1/10,000 of a centimeter, not 1,000. Additionally, 1 millimeter equals 1/10 of a centimeter, not 1/100. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Articles A social chemosignaling function for human handshaking: https://bit.ly/3Lo5kK6 There is chemistry in social chemistry: https://go.hubermanlab.com/wIjg4eIiYT Alterations in Oral–Nasal–Pharyngeal Microbiota and Salivary Proteins in Mouth-Breathing Children: https://go.hubermanlab.com/pww3thWHYT Human nasal microbiota: https://go.hubermanlab.com/XWfDZyZBYT How (and why) the immune system makes us sleep: https://go.hubermanlab.com/TL09NaWxYT The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system: https://go.hubermanlab.com/XXvkR83eYT The effects of a single and a series of Finnish sauna sessions on the immune response and HSP-70 levels in trained and untrained men: https://go.hubermanlab.com/0uiWBVO5YT Retracted: Extra Dose of Vitamin C Based on a Daily Supplementation Shortens the Common Cold: A Meta-Analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials: https://go.hubermanlab.com/WxCUtZmXYT Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data: https://go.hubermanlab.com/POdJvqscYT Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment: https://go.hubermanlab.com/TLcxQb74YT Books Jaws: The Story of a Hidden Epidemic: https://amzn.to/3TUXc9Z Other Resources Non-sleep Deep Rest (NSDR): https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPNW_gerXa4P6-7EC4twzLBjR22rQYk3u&feature=shared Toolkit for Sleep: https://go.hubermanlab.com/AEUHya3EYT Foundational Fitness Protocol: https://go.hubermanlab.com/fyv8uNAsYT Dr. Roger Seheult (YouTube): https://youtu.be/fZ8rqZK_RiA Huberman Lab Episodes Mentioned Dr. Noam Sobel: How Smells Influence Our Hormones, Health & Behavior: https://youtu.be/cS7cNaBrkxo Sleep Toolkit: Tools for Optimizing Sleep & Sleep-Wake Timing: https://youtu.be/h2aWYjSA1Jc How to Enhance Your Gut Microbiome for Brain & Overall Health: https://youtu.be/15R2pMqU2ok Tools for Managing Stress & Anxiety: https://youtu.be/ntfcfJ28eiU Dr. Justin Sonnenburg: How to Build, Maintain & Repair Gut Health: https://youtu.be/ouCWNRvPk20 Fitness Toolkit: Protocol & Tools to Optimize Physical Health: https://youtu.be/q1Ss8sTbFBY Using Your Nervous System to Enhance Your Immune System: https://youtu.be/poOf8b2WE2g Guest Series with Dr. Andy Galpin: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPNW_gerXa4N_PVVoq0Za03YKASSGCazr Timestamps 00:00:00 Avoid Colds & Flu 00:01:58 Sponsors: Joovv, Helix Sleep & ROKA 00:06:00 Common Cold: Source & Transmission; Cold Temperature Myth 00:13:48 Spreading a Cold; Symptoms & Contagious Myths 00:17:43 Flu Virus & Transmission; Flu Shots 00:23:56 Tools: Injections & Safety; Charting Health Trends & Sickness 00:27:16 Sponsor: AG1 00:28:44 Spreading Cold & Flu, Symptoms 00:30:43 Immune System, Physical Barriers 00:39:33 Tool: Social Connection & Touch, Avoiding Flu & Cold 00:45:14 Innate Immune System 00:53:13 Sponsor: InsideTracker 00:54:15 Adaptive Immune System; Lymphatic System 01:00:19 Tools: Enhance Innate Immune System 01:06:19 Tool: Microbiome & Nasal Breathing 01:10:58 Tools: Enhance Gut Microbiome: Foods & Water Protocol 01:16:13 Exercise When Feeling Sick?, Sleep 01:21:39 Tool: Exercise & Preventing Sickness 01:28:13 Exercise When Sleep Deprived? 01:32:24 Tool: Exercise Recovery & Carbohydrates 01:34:52 Tool: Sauna & Enhance Immune System 01:42:20 Supplements: Vitamin C, Vitamin D 01:50:58 Echinacea, Zinc 01:55:08 N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Decongestants 02:03:42 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter #HubermanLab Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Andrew Hubermanhost
Jan 8, 20242h 5mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. 0:00 – 3:35

    Introduction: Goals, Myths, and Structure of the Episode

    Huberman frames the episode’s focus: what colds and flus are biologically, why we don’t have a cure for the common cold, and which science-based tools can help us prevent infection or shorten illness. He emphasizes that many popular remedies are myths, but there are validated behavioral and supplemental strategies that do work.

  2. 3:35 – 12:05

    Sponsor Segment: Light Therapy, Sleep, and Vision Products

    A series of sponsor reads for Joovv red light therapy devices, Helix Sleep mattresses, and ROKA eyewear. Though commercial, he weaves in general points about light, sleep quality, and visual strain that tie into overall health.

  3. 12:05 – 20:20

    What Is the Common Cold and Why There’s No Cure

    Huberman explains that the “common cold” is not one virus but over 160 rhinovirus serotypes, each with different surface proteins. This antigenic diversity prevents a single cure and allows multiple colds per season even after prior infections.

  4. 20:20 – 34:10

    How Colds Spread: Temperature Myths, Droplets, Surfaces, and Self‑Inoculation

    He debunks the myth that cold weather itself causes colds and clarifies real transmission mechanisms: respiratory droplets, aerosols, and contaminated surfaces. He stresses that virus stability on surfaces and eye-contact behaviors make simple avoidance of visibly sick people insufficient.

  5. 34:10 – 44:20

    Contagion Windows and Social Responsibility

    Huberman details when people with colds are most contagious and criticizes cultural myths that a few days of symptoms means you’re “no longer contagious.” He urges people to stay home and avoid public places while symptomatic, emphasizing the real health and economic costs of casual spread.

  6. 44:20 – 59:00

    Flu Viruses, H1N1, and Effectiveness of Flu Shots

    He introduces influenza A, B, and C, explains subtype naming (e.g., H1N1), and recounts the historical impact of the 1918–1920 Spanish flu. He then explains how yearly flu shots are targeted to predominant strains, their partial effectiveness, and his own choice pattern for vaccination.

  7. 59:00 – 1:16:30

    Personal Illness Patterns and Learning From Your Own Data

    Huberman shares how he tracks sleep, workouts, travel, and illness onset to identify personal patterns that precede colds or flus. He found overreaching in training plus sleep loss and travel reliably preceded his illnesses and advises listeners to do similar self‑forensics.

  8. 1:16:30 – 1:22:40

    Sponsor: AG1 and Immune–Gut–Brain Connections

    He briefly explains why he uses AG1 (a multinutrient drink with probiotics and adaptogens) to help meet micronutrient and gut support needs. He highlights emerging links between gut health, immune function, and neurotransmitter production.

  9. 1:22:40 – 1:29:00

    Flu Contagiousness and Viral ‘Intelligence’

    Huberman explains that both colds and flus start shedding virus roughly a day before symptoms. He characterizes viral evolution as a kind of ‘intelligence’ geared toward maximizing host-to-host spread and reiterates that symptom presence is a better contagion indicator than arbitrary day counts.

  10. 1:29:00 – 1:34:40

    Immune System Primer: Barriers, Innate, and Adaptive Arms

    He outlines the three major defensive layers: physical barriers (skin and mucosa), the fast, non‑specific innate immune response, and the slower, highly specific adaptive immune response. He previews how understanding these will clarify which interventions help at which stage.

  11. 1:34:40 – 1:47:00

    Physical Barriers: Skin, Eyes, Nose, Mouth, and Genital/Rectal Mucosa

    Huberman deepens the description of barrier immunity, emphasizing that skin and mucosal surfaces are chemically active, not inert. He explains how eyes and nasal passages are especially important for respiratory viruses and why the mouth and genitals have distinct microbiota and mucosal properties.

  12. 1:47:00 – 1:59:00

    Face-Touching, Chemosignals, and Why We Infect Ourselves

    Drawing on Noam Sobel’s research, he explains that humans unconsciously touch their face—especially eyes and upper lip—after social contact, likely to sample chemosignals. This behavior, though biologically informative, greatly facilitates self‑inoculation with cold and flu viruses.

  13. 1:59:00 – 2:11:40

    Innate Immune Response: Generalized Attack and Inflammation

    He walks through what happens once a virus breaches barriers: innate cells (neutrophils, NK cells, macrophages) respond rapidly, aided by complement proteins and cytokines, creating local inflammation and systemic ‘sickness behavior.’

  14. 2:11:40 – 2:19:00

    Adaptive Immunity: Antibodies, Specificity, and Immune Memory

    Huberman explains how the adaptive system refines the attack: initial IgM antibodies roughly fit viral surface proteins, followed by more precise IgG antibodies produced via stem cell instructions. The system then stores a ‘memory’ of this successful pattern, enabling rapid future responses.

  15. 2:19:00 – 2:29:00

    Innate vs. Adaptive: When You Feel ‘Off’ and How to Respond

    He links immune activity to subjective sensations: early malaise, fatigue, and throat tickle often reflect an active innate response that may still succeed without full-blown illness. He argues that how you behave in this window—rest vs. pushing through—can determine outcome.

  16. 2:29:00 – 2:34:20

    Sponsor: InsideTracker and Biomarker-Guided Health

    A short sponsor segment explaining InsideTracker’s blood testing and personalized recommendations. He underscores the importance of measuring biomarkers to adjust health protocols, including around immunity.

  17. 2:34:20 – 2:47:20

    Foundations: Sleep, Stress, Nutrition, and the Microbiome for Immune Readiness

    Huberman summarizes the core behavioral levers to keep innate immunity robust before you get sick: sufficient sleep, appropriate stress levels, well‑dosed exercise, adequate calories, and a healthy gut and nasal microbiome.

  18. 2:47:20 – 2:59:00

    Nasal Breathing, the Nasal Microbiome, and Infection Defense

    He makes a strong case for habitual nasal breathing as a simple but powerful defense against colds and flus. Research in mouth-breathing children and others shows increased infections and altered microbiota, while nasal breathing enhances mucosal defense and air conditioning.

  19. 2:59:00 – 3:12:00

    Gut Microbiome Support: Fermented Foods and Morning Swish Protocol

    Huberman explains why a healthy gut microbiome—stretching the entire digestive tract, not just the stomach—is central to immune function. He recommends low‑sugar fermented foods and introduces an unconventional but low‑risk ‘swish and swallow’ morning habit.

  20. 3:12:00 – 3:40:00

    Exercise Dosing: Boosting vs. Suppressing Immunity

    Leveraging a 2019 review, Huberman distinguishes immune‑supportive exercise from immune‑suppressive training loads. He provides practical guidance on intensity, duration, and how to adjust when sleep-deprived or under high stress.

  21. 3:40:00 – 3:51:00

    Carbohydrate Intake After Exercise and Immune–Inflammatory Balance

    He notes that post-exercise carbohydrate ingestion can moderate excessive inflammation from training—especially in fasted states—thereby protecting immune function. He ties this into practical morning training routines and nutrition choices.

  22. 3:51:00 – 4:12:00

    Sauna and Heat Stress: When It Helps and When It Hurts

    Huberman reviews a Finnish sauna study showing increased cortisol and leukocytes after repeated high‑heat sessions, especially in trained subjects needing stronger stimuli. He recommends sauna as an immune-priming tool when you’re well, but warns against its use during active illness.

  23. 4:12:00 – 4:39:00

    Supplements: Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Echinacea, and Zinc

    He systematically evaluates popular cold/flu supplements. Vitamin C and echinacea largely fail under scrutiny, while vitamin D and zinc show more promise, particularly when individualized to deficiency status or used acutely at specific doses.

  24. 4:39:00 – 5:03:00

    N-Acetylcysteine (NAC): Glutathione Support and Mucolytic Effects

    Huberman introduces NAC as both a glutathione precursor and potent mucolytic, sharing his own positive experience using it during a bad cold. He highlights a notable (though older and limited) study showing fewer symptomatic flu cases in NAC users and discusses clinical interest from ICU physicians.

  25. 5:03:00

    Closing: Practical Synthesis and Where to Learn More

    Huberman recaps the key behavioral and supplemental tools for preventing and shortening colds and flus and reiterates the primacy of sleep, sensible exercise, nasal breathing, microbiome support, and social responsibility around contagion. He points listeners to his other resources and thanks the audience for their interest in science.

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