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How to Prevent & Treat Colds & Flu

In this episode, I explain the biology of the common cold and flu (influenza) and how the immune system combats these infections. I describe behavior, nutrition and supplementation-based tools supported by peer-reviewed research to enhance immune system function and better combat colds and flu. I also dispel common myths about how the cold and flu are transmitted and when you and those around you are contagious. I explain if common preventatives and treatments such as vitamin C, zinc, vitamin D and echinacea work. I also highlight other compounds known to reduce contracting and duration of colds and flu. I discuss how to use exercise and sauna to bolster the immune response. This episode will help listeners understand how to reduce the chances of catching a cold or flu and help people recover more quickly from and prevent the spread of colds and flu. Correction: I misspoke in the episode. A micron is 1/10,000 of a centimeter, not 1,000. Additionally, 1 millimeter equals 1/10 of a centimeter, not 1/100. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Articles A social chemosignaling function for human handshaking: https://bit.ly/3Lo5kK6 There is chemistry in social chemistry: https://go.hubermanlab.com/wIjg4eIiYT Alterations in Oral–Nasal–Pharyngeal Microbiota and Salivary Proteins in Mouth-Breathing Children: https://go.hubermanlab.com/pww3thWHYT Human nasal microbiota: https://go.hubermanlab.com/XWfDZyZBYT How (and why) the immune system makes us sleep: https://go.hubermanlab.com/TL09NaWxYT The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system: https://go.hubermanlab.com/XXvkR83eYT The effects of a single and a series of Finnish sauna sessions on the immune response and HSP-70 levels in trained and untrained men: https://go.hubermanlab.com/0uiWBVO5YT Retracted: Extra Dose of Vitamin C Based on a Daily Supplementation Shortens the Common Cold: A Meta-Analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials: https://go.hubermanlab.com/WxCUtZmXYT Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data: https://go.hubermanlab.com/POdJvqscYT Attenuation of influenza-like symptomatology and improvement of cell-mediated immunity with long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment: https://go.hubermanlab.com/TLcxQb74YT Books Jaws: The Story of a Hidden Epidemic: https://amzn.to/3TUXc9Z Other Resources Non-sleep Deep Rest (NSDR): https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPNW_gerXa4P6-7EC4twzLBjR22rQYk3u&feature=shared Toolkit for Sleep: https://go.hubermanlab.com/AEUHya3EYT Foundational Fitness Protocol: https://go.hubermanlab.com/fyv8uNAsYT Dr. Roger Seheult (YouTube): https://youtu.be/fZ8rqZK_RiA Huberman Lab Episodes Mentioned Dr. Noam Sobel: How Smells Influence Our Hormones, Health & Behavior: https://youtu.be/cS7cNaBrkxo Sleep Toolkit: Tools for Optimizing Sleep & Sleep-Wake Timing: https://youtu.be/h2aWYjSA1Jc How to Enhance Your Gut Microbiome for Brain & Overall Health: https://youtu.be/15R2pMqU2ok Tools for Managing Stress & Anxiety: https://youtu.be/ntfcfJ28eiU Dr. Justin Sonnenburg: How to Build, Maintain & Repair Gut Health: https://youtu.be/ouCWNRvPk20 Fitness Toolkit: Protocol & Tools to Optimize Physical Health: https://youtu.be/q1Ss8sTbFBY Using Your Nervous System to Enhance Your Immune System: https://youtu.be/poOf8b2WE2g Guest Series with Dr. Andy Galpin: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPNW_gerXa4N_PVVoq0Za03YKASSGCazr Timestamps 00:00:00 Avoid Colds & Flu 00:01:58 Sponsors: Joovv, Helix Sleep & ROKA 00:06:00 Common Cold: Source & Transmission; Cold Temperature Myth 00:13:48 Spreading a Cold; Symptoms & Contagious Myths 00:17:43 Flu Virus & Transmission; Flu Shots 00:23:56 Tools: Injections & Safety; Charting Health Trends & Sickness 00:27:16 Sponsor: AG1 00:28:44 Spreading Cold & Flu, Symptoms 00:30:43 Immune System, Physical Barriers 00:39:33 Tool: Social Connection & Touch, Avoiding Flu & Cold 00:45:14 Innate Immune System 00:53:13 Sponsor: InsideTracker 00:54:15 Adaptive Immune System; Lymphatic System 01:00:19 Tools: Enhance Innate Immune System 01:06:19 Tool: Microbiome & Nasal Breathing 01:10:58 Tools: Enhance Gut Microbiome: Foods & Water Protocol 01:16:13 Exercise When Feeling Sick?, Sleep 01:21:39 Tool: Exercise & Preventing Sickness 01:28:13 Exercise When Sleep Deprived? 01:32:24 Tool: Exercise Recovery & Carbohydrates 01:34:52 Tool: Sauna & Enhance Immune System 01:42:20 Supplements: Vitamin C, Vitamin D 01:50:58 Echinacea, Zinc 01:55:08 N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Decongestants 02:03:42 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter #HubermanLab Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Andrew Hubermanhost
Jan 8, 20242h 5mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

Science-Backed Strategies To Prevent, Fight, And Shorten Colds, Flus

  1. Andrew Huberman explains what cold and flu viruses are, how they infect the body, and how the immune system’s three lines of defense—barriers, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity—work to fight them.
  2. He details how colds and flus spread (especially via the eyes, nose, and mouth), debunks myths about contagion and weather, and emphasizes behaviors that significantly reduce infection risk.
  3. The episode outlines evidence-based protocols involving sleep, exercise, nasal breathing, gut health, sauna use, and selected supplements (notably zinc and possibly N‑acetylcysteine) to bolster immunity and shorten illness duration.
  4. Huberman also clarifies where common interventions like vitamin C and echinacea fail to live up to the hype, and stresses not over‑training or using heat stress when already sick.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth—especially after handshakes and shared surfaces.

Cold viruses can live on surfaces for up to 24 hours (flu ~2 hours). Skin is an excellent barrier, but infection occurs when virus is transferred to mucosal entry points, particularly the eyes and then the mouth. Behavioral studies show people almost always touch their eyes/face shortly after shaking hands. Increasing awareness, washing/sanitizing hands before face-touching, and considering hand sanitizer after social contact can materially reduce infection risk.

Prioritize high-quality sleep and moderate, well‑dosed exercise to keep innate immunity strong.

Sleep deprivation and overtraining both suppress the innate immune system, increasing susceptibility to colds and flus. Regular exercise of ≤60 minutes at moderate to high intensity boosts natural killer cells, T cells, and beneficial cytokines, enhancing baseline immune readiness. By contrast, very long or extreme sessions (e.g., marathons, double sessions, >75–90 minutes hard work) temporarily depress immune function and raise stress/inflammatory markers to levels that increase infection risk.

Become a default nasal breather to leverage the nasal microbiome and temperature effects.

The nasal passages have a specialized mucosal lining and microbiota that are particularly effective at neutralizing inhaled viruses. Nasal breathing warms and conditions air in ways that reduce viral embedding in mucosa. Mouth breathing—especially habitual mouth breathing during sleep—is associated with more upper respiratory infections in both children and adults. Consciously favor nasal breathing when not talking, exercising intensely, or eating, and address chronic mouth breathing if present.

Use targeted exercise and sauna when well—but avoid both when you’re already sick.

When you feel healthy, daily or near‑daily exercise (20–60 minutes; one shorter HIIT session ~12 minutes weekly) and regular sauna use (e.g., 2–3 rounds of 15 minutes at ~176–210°F with brief cool‑offs) can upregulate leukocytes, natural killer cells, and heat shock proteins, priming innate immunity. However, if you already feel malaise, heavy limbs, throat tickle, or early cold/flu symptoms, pushing workouts or intense heat exposure increases stress load, impairs immune response, and tends to prolong or worsen illness. In that state, hot showers and extra rest are preferred.

Support your microbiome through low‑sugar fermented foods and simple oral–gut practices.

A diverse gut—and nasal/oral—microbiome is tightly linked to robust immune function. Consuming 2–4 daily servings of low‑sugar fermented foods (e.g., refrigerated sauerkraut/kimchi, live‑culture yogurt, kefir, low‑sugar kombucha, brined pickles) improves microbiota diversity and immune support. A simple, no‑cost protocol: on waking, before brushing teeth, swish and swallow a small amount of water to move oral microbiota into the gut, potentially seeding beneficial strains (logic‑based, but not yet supported by randomized trials).

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

If you are still exhibiting symptoms of the cold or flu, you are contagious.

Andrew Huberman

The primary entry sites for viruses to get into the body tend to be the eyes or the mouth.

Andrew Huberman

We are literally bringing the virus to ourselves.

Andrew Huberman

Exercise is a very potent tool… but it is a form of stress that induces adaptations.

Andrew Huberman

If you’re already sick and you have the symptoms of a cold or flu, you want to limit the amount of stress to your body. You do not want to exercise.

Andrew Huberman

Biology and types of cold and flu viruses (serotypes, influenza A/B/C, H1N1)Immune system architecture: barriers, innate immunity, and adaptive immunityTransmission routes and contagion myths (eyes/face touching, aerosols, surfaces)Behavioral immunity tools: sleep, exercise dosing, stress, nasal breathing, gut healthDeliberate heat exposure (sauna) and its immune effectsEvidence-based vs. overhyped supplements (vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, NAC, echinacea)Practical protocols for preventing infection and shortening colds/flus

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