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Using Meditation to Focus, View Consciousness & Expand Your Mind | Dr. Sam Harris

My guest is Sam Harris, Ph.D. Sam earned his bachelor’s degree in philosophy from Stanford University and his doctorate (Ph.D.) in neuroscience from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He is the author of multiple best-selling books and is a world-renowned public-facing intellectual on meditation, consciousness, free will, psychedelics and neuroscience. He is also the creator of Waking Up and the host of the Making Sense podcast. In this episode, we discuss meditation as a route to understanding “the self” and experiencing consciousness, not just changing one’s conscious state. Sam describes several meditation techniques and their benefits, including how meditation fundamentally changes our worldview and how it can be merged seamlessly into daily life. It can help us overcome universal challenges such as distractibility and persistent internal dialogue (“chatter”) to allow for deep contentment and pervasive shifts in our awareness, all while acknowledging the more immediate stress-lowering and memory-improving effects of meditation. We also discuss the therapeutic use of psychedelics and the mechanistic similarities between the benefits of a psychedelic journey and long-term meditation practices. And we discuss the rationale behind Sam’s recent decision to close his social media (Twitter) account. This episode should interest anyone wanting to learn more about the higher-order functions of the brain, the brain-body connection, consciousness and, of course, meditation and why and how to meditate for maximum benefit. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman Levels: https://levels.link/huberman WHOOP: https://join.whoop.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://www.insidetracker.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Huberman Lab Special Offer for Waking Up https://www.wakingup.com/huberman Huberman Lab Premium https://hubermanlab.com/premium Social & Website Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Twitter: https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman Website: https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter: https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network Dr. Sam Harris Waking Up app: https://www.wakingup.com/huberman Making Sense podcast: https://www.samharris.org/podcasts Website: https://www.samharris.org Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/samharrisorg YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@samharrisorg Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Samharrisorg Books Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion: https://amzn.to/3Z51pIb Making Sense: Conversations on Consciousness, Morality, and the Future of Humanity: https://amzn.to/3CgbIQ3 Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Sam Harris 00:04:36 Levels, WHOOP, Eight Sleep, Momentous 00:08:54 Sense of Self & Meditation, Dualism of Self 00:18:07 Sense of Self in Brain & Body 00:25:28 Consciousness vs. Contents, Meditation 00:28:25 Interrupting Sense of Self & Attentional Focus, Visual Saccade 00:33:30 Observer & Actor, Default Mode Network & Meditation, Blind Spot 00:40:48 AG1 (Athletic Greens) 00:41:57 Mediation & Paths to Understanding Consciousness, Non-Dualistic Experience 00:57:32 Sense of Self throughout Evolution 01:07:40 Sense of Self from Human Development, Language 01:18:42 InsideTracker 01:19:46 Internal Dialogue, Distractibility & Mindfulness 01:26:27 Time Perception & Mindfulness, Vipassana Meditation, Resistance & Pain 01:37:13 Consciousness & Sense of Control, Free Will 01:43:14 Authoring Thoughts: Storytelling & Ideas, Free Will 01:52:11 Meditation & the Paradoxical Search for Self 02:06:44 Meditation & Concentration Practice 02:11:58 Mindfulness, “Skylike Mind” & Thoughts 02:15:11 States of Self & Context, Dualistic Experiences 02:32:39 Distraction & Identification of Thoughts, Meditation & “Flow” States 02:42:58 Eyes-Open Meditations, Sense of Self, Visual Cues & Social Interactions 02:54:59 Paths to Meditation, Mindfulness Meditation Step-Functions 03:05:58 Psychedelics, MDMA & Experiences in Consciousness, Religion 03:21:11 Meditation, Psychedelic Journeys & Inner Truths 03:29:48 Psilocybin, Ego-Dissolution & Thought Expansion 03:40:09 Process vs. Achievement of Goals, Fulfillment in Present 03:54:29 Leaving Twitter; Conflict, Life Interruption & Politics 04:06:14 Social Media, Attentional Disruption & Deep Work 04:15:39 Meditation & Sense of Self 04:19:02 Sam Harris & Waking Up App, Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer: https://hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Andrew HubermanhostSam Harrisguest
Jan 2, 20234h 21mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. 0:00 – 13:00

    Introduction, Guest Background, and Reframing Meditation

    Huberman introduces Sam Harris’s background in philosophy and neuroscience and outlines the episode’s focus: meditation, consciousness, free will, and psychedelics. He explains his prior view of meditation as a way to change inner states (stress, focus, memory) and previews Harris’s deeper framing of meditation as a way to see consciousness itself. Huberman also flags upcoming discussions on the mind‑body problem, perception, time, and Harris’s Waking Up app.

  2. 13:00 – 38:00

    What Is the Self? Common-Sense Dualism and the Illusion of the Subject

    Harris distinguishes between everyday uses of ‘self’ and the specific sense of a subject inside the head, separate from experience, which he argues is illusory. He explains common‑sense dualism—the intuitive sense that mind and body can be separated—and how it underpins beliefs in the soul. Huberman adds neuroanatomical context, noting how lesions in certain brain areas alter personality and self‑experience, highlighting the brain’s special role.

  3. 38:00 – 57:20

    Consciousness, Contents, and Everyday Self-Loss

    Harris defines consciousness as the bare fact of experience—the ‘floodlight’ in which any content appears—distinct from its ever‑changing contents. He notes that people constantly lose their sense of self in flow states, sex, sports, or film, without recognizing it. Using visual system analogies like saccades and blind spots, he shows how significant phenomena can be present yet go unnoticed, just as selflessness can be hidden in plain sight.

  4. 57:20 – 1:21:00

    Mindfulness, Attention, and the Mechanics of Thought

    The discussion turns to how attention and inner dialogue construct the sense of self. Harris explains that most people are continuously talking to themselves, often redundantly, and that the ‘I’ is largely what it feels like to be immersed in that uninspected chatter. Huberman asks about internal vs external distraction and how default‑mode network research, hypnosis, and development shape self‑representation. Harris links default‑mode activity to self‑referential thinking and mind‑wandering, and notes that both meditation and psychedelics tend to suppress it.

  5. 1:21:00 – 1:58:00

    Time Perception, Frame Rate, and Non-Dual Insight

    Huberman proposes a multi‑stream ‘frame rate’ model of time perception—different attentional streams (external objects, inner thoughts) may run at different temporal resolutions. Harris responds that certain styles of mindfulness practice do seem to increase perceptual granularity, but emphasizes that the core non‑dual insight is less about micro‑discrimination and more about recognizing the absence of a separate subject. He uses analogies like random‑dot stereograms and vase/face illusions to describe how once seen, this shift becomes effortless and irreversibly available.

  6. 1:58:00 – 2:20:00

    Free Will, Thought Authorship, and Experimental Introspection

    Harris presents his argument against free will using everyday mental experiments. He asks listeners to notice how names, cities, or choices arise without prior authorship, and how rewinding the brain’s state would lead to the same outcome every time. Huberman explores evolutionary and developmental reasons for spontaneous neural activity and energy efficiency. Harris brackets the broader philosophical implications for later, but insists that from the first‑person view, the sense of being the conscious controller of thoughts and decisions does not withstand scrutiny.

  7. 2:20:00 – 2:54:40

    Development of the Self, Social Context, and Multiple Selves

    They examine how selfhood develops and fragments across contexts. Harris describes infants’ early social orientation and moral evaluations, then the emergence of self‑talk and being the object of others’ attention. Later, different ‘selves’ appear in different roles—student, parent, customer, celebrity. He illustrates how context can dramatically reshape self‑state, sharing anecdotes about accidentally exuding confidence to a stranger and alternately feeling like a failing grad student and a sought‑after author depending on which building he walked into.

  8. 2:54:40 – 3:26:00

    Dualistic vs Non-Dual Meditation: From Technique to View

    Harris lays out two broad modes of practice: concentration (narrow focus on one object) and mindfulness (open, non‑judgmental awareness of changing experience). Concentration can produce powerful, altered states but remains dualistic and brittle. Mindfulness begins as dualistic (a meditator watching breath, sounds, thoughts) but can transition into non‑dual practice, where the apparent meditator is seen as just another appearance. He uses parables—a missing tourist searching for herself, the impossibility of ‘getting to Central Park from here’—to show how the seeker itself must dissolve.

  9. 3:26:00 – 4:09:00

    Emotional Regulation, Pain, and Applying Mindfulness

    They return to practical implications: how mindfulness changes our relationship to pain, fear, and anger. Harris explains that much suffering arises from resisting sensations and weaving self‑stories around them. When you simply feel the raw sensory data of a neck injury or stage fright, the experience becomes more neutral and less ‘about you’. Huberman relates this to autonomic arousal and attentional narrowing vs broadening, and they discuss how training lets you treat emotional spikes as brief salience cues rather than ongoing emergencies.

  10. 4:09:00 – 5:02:00

    Psychedelics: Peaks, Orthogonality, and Integration With Practice

    The conversation shifts deeply into psychedelics: MDMA, LSD, psilocybin. Harris credits LSD and MDMA for convincing him, as a skeptical young man, that inner transformation was real. Huberman shares his clinical MDMA experiences, which clarified his values and reduced avoidance of difficult topics. Harris stresses that psychedelics are extraordinarily reliable at changing contents but don’t by themselves deliver non‑dual insight; they can even reinforce a grandiose or unified self. The real work is integrating what’s seen so it informs ordinary life and ethical behavior.

  11. 5:02:00 – 5:44:00

    Distraction, Social Media, and Deleting Twitter

    Huberman raises Harris’s widely noticed decision to delete his Twitter account. Harris describes his love–hate relationship with the platform: it was a powerful news feed and communication tool, but also a source of constant controversy and exposure to extreme bad faith. As a centrist criticizing both left and right, he received hostility from all sides. He realized Twitter was distorting his view of humanity, hijacking his attention, and spilling negativity into family life, leading him to delete his account abruptly on Thanksgiving. He reports feeling far less noise and a significant recovery of cognitive bandwidth.

  12. 5:44:00

    Closing Reflections on Practice, Purpose, and Present-Moment Fulfillment

    In closing, Harris articulates a unifying theme: most of life is process, not goal achievement, and we chase circumstances that we hope will finally allow us to rest in the present. Meditation reverses that logic by letting you access fulfillment and freedom before anything happens. This doesn’t negate ambition or ethical striving; it changes the ground from which you act. Huberman thanks Harris for reshaping his own understanding of meditation and self, and previews his intention to deepen his practice.

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