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Using Temperature for Performance, Brain & Body Health | Dr. Craig Heller

In this episode, I am joined by Dr. Craig Heller, Professor of Biology at Stanford University and world expert on the science of temperature regulation. We discuss how the body and brain maintain temperature under different conditions and how almost everyone uses the wrong approach to cool off or heat up. Dr. Heller teaches us the best ways and, in doing so, explains how to offset hyperthermia and hypothermia. He also explains how we can use the precise timing and location of cooling on our body to greatly enhance endurance and weight training performance. He describes how cooling technology discovered and engineered in his laboratory has led to a tripling of anaerobic (weight training) performance and allowed endurance athletes to run farther and faster as well as to eliminate delayed onset muscle soreness. Dr. Heller explains how heat impairs muscular and mental performance and how to cool the brain to reduce inflammation and enhance sleep and cognition. We discuss how anyone can apply these principles for themselves, even their dogs! Our conversation includes many practical tools and mechanistic science. For an up-to-date list of our current sponsors, please visit our website: https://www.hubermanlab.com/sponsors. Previous sponsors mentioned in this podcast episode may no longer be affiliated with us. Social: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Twitter - https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab Website - https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter - https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network Links: Dr. Heller's Website - https://profiles.stanford.edu/h-craig-heller CoolMitt Technology - https://www.coolmitt.com Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introducing Dr. Craig Heller, Physiology & Performance 00:02:00 Sponsors: Roka, Inside Tracker, Athletic Greens 00:06:45 Cold Showers, Ice Baths, Cryotherapy 00:10:45 Boundary Layers 00:11:55 Cooling Before Aerobic Activity to Enhance Performance 00:14:45 Anaerobic Activity Locally Increases Muscle Heat 00:16:45 Temperature Gates Our Energy Use 00:19:00 Local Versus Systemic Fatigue: Heat Is Why We Fail 00:22:10 Cooling Off: Most Methods are Counterproductive 00:26:43 Exercise-Induced Brain Fog 00:27:45 Hyperthermia 00:31:50 Best Body Sites for Cooling: Palms, Foot Pads, Upper Face 00:38:00 Cooling Your Brain via The Upper Face; Concussion 00:41:25 Extraordinary (Tripling!) Performance by Cooling the Palms 00:45:35 Enhancing Recovery, Eliminating Soreness w/Intra-workout Cooling 00:50:00 Multiple Sclerosis: Heat Sensitivity & Amelioration with Cooling 00:51:00 Enhancing Endurance with Proper Cooling 00:53:00 Cool Mitt, Ice-Cold Is Too Cold, 3 Minutes Cooling 00:58:20 How You Can Use Palmer Cooling to Enhance Performance 01:01:15 Radiation, Convection, Heat-Transfer, Role of Surface Area 01:04:40 Hypothermia Story, Ideal Re-Heating Strategy 01:11:40 Paw-lmer Cooling for Dog Health & Performance 01:12:45 Warming Up, & Varying Temperature Around the Body 01:17:35 Cooling-Enhanced Performance Is Permanent 01:19:55 Anabolic Steroids versus Palmer Cooling 01:24:00 Female Athletic Performance 01:25:18 Shivering & Cold, Metabolism 01:26:55 Studies of Bears & Hibernation, Brown Fat 01:31:10 Brown Fat Distribution & Activation In Humans 01:34:18 Brain Freeze, Ice Headache: Blood Pressure, Headache 01:37:50 Fidgeters, Non-Exercise Induced Thermogenesis 01:39:44 How Pre-Workout Drinks, & Caffeine May Inhibit Performance 01:43:42 Sleep, Cold, Warm Baths, Screens, & Socks 01:48:44 Synthesis 01:49:30 Supporting the Podcast & Scientific Research Please note that The Huberman Lab Podcast is distinct from Dr. Huberman's teaching and research roles at Stanford University School of Medicine. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Huberman Lab Podcast, its employees, guests and affiliates assume no liability for the application of the information discussed.

Andrew HubermanhostCraig Hellerguest
Oct 4, 20211h 51mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. 0:00 – 21:20

    Introduction, Guest Background, and Sponsor Messages

    Andrew Huberman introduces the episode’s focus on thermoregulation and performance, presenting guest Dr. Craig Heller, a Stanford biologist and neuroscientist. He briefly reviews Heller’s research areas and outlines the central claim that temperature control is one of the most powerful levers for mental and physical performance. Huberman then delivers sponsor reads before the main conversation begins.

  2. 21:20 – 29:30

    Cold Exposure Basics: Ice Baths, Showers, and Vasoconstriction

    Heller explains the acute physiological response to first-time cold exposure, highlighting the adrenaline surge and vasoconstriction. He distinguishes between whole-body cold immersion and cold showers and introduces the concept of boundary layers of water near the skin. He emphasizes that while cold feels stimulating, it does not automatically translate into improved physiology or performance.

  3. 29:30 – 37:00

    Pre-Cooling for Aerobic Performance and Warm-Up Strategies

    The discussion turns to pre-cooling as a strategy to extend aerobic performance by increasing the body’s heat storage capacity. Heller explains how a brief cool shower or targeted cooling after warm-up can delay the onset of overheating during long runs or hot competitions. He notes that athletes can use this extra thermal ‘headroom’ either to go farther at the same pace or to go faster over the same distance.

  4. 37:00 – 47:00

    Muscle Overheating, Enzyme Shutdown, and the Real Cause of ‘Failure’

    Heller explains that in anaerobic exercise, specific working muscles can become locally hyperthermic even when core temperature remains moderate. He describes how muscle metabolism can increase 50–60 fold while blood flow cannot match it, leading to rapid heat buildup. Key metabolic enzymes, including those feeding fuel into mitochondria, are temperature-sensitive; when muscle temperature exceeds ~39–39.5°C, these enzymes shut down, causing sudden muscle failure.

  5. 47:00 – 1:00:00

    Why Cooling Thighs, Neck, or Torso Often Backfires

    Huberman and Heller dissect why popular cooling methods—ice towels on the neck, cold packs on large muscles, drinking ice water—are relatively inefficient or even harmful for performance. Heller introduces the brain’s thermostat in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus and explains how cooling some skin areas can send misleading signals. Cooling the thermostat region can reduce perceived heat and shut down global heat-loss responses while core temperature continues to climb.

  6. 1:00:00 – 1:10:30

    Discovery of Glabrous Skin Portals and AVAs

    Heller introduces glabrous (hairless) skin regions—palms, soles, and upper face—as specialized heat-loss portals in mammals. He explains arterio-venous anastomoses (AVAs), shunts that connect arteries directly to veins, bypassing capillaries and enabling very high blood flow for heat exchange. These structures evolved in mammals under fur, where only hairless pads and faces could dissipate heat effectively.

  7. 1:10:30 – 1:25:00

    Performance Experiments: Dips, Push-Ups, and Golf with Palmar Cooling

    Heller recounts several key experiments where palmar cooling produced stunning gains in work capacity. An NFL tight end doubled his dip volume in one day and tripled it over a month, while naive students reached >800 push-ups in a single session. Golfers and elite military operators reported significantly improved performance and endurance in hot conditions by using the cooling devices between efforts.

  8. 1:25:00 – 1:34:20

    CoolMitt Technology and Practical, Low-Tech Cooling Attempts

    Heller describes the CoolMitt device: a palm-cooling system that circulates cool water at an optimal temperature to avoid vasoconstriction. He explains that too-cold stimuli like ice water shut down AVAs, making them ineffective. While the commercial device is in beta with pro teams, military, and federations, he outlines how people might experiment with crude methods like rotating cold packs or frozen items between hands, while warning about limitations.

  9. 1:34:20 – 1:48:40

    Hyperthermia, Hypothermia, and Updating Medical Protocols

    The conversation moves to clinical applications of temperature control. Heller describes how standard hyperthermia treatment (cold packs in groin, axillae, neck) performs poorly compared to portal cooling. He also recounts how his lab developed a negative-pressure limb-heating device that dramatically accelerated rewarming and stopped shivering in post-anesthesia patients, showing the clinical potential of targeting glabrous skin.

  10. 1:48:40 – 1:54:40

    Brown Fat, Shivering, NEAT, and Misunderstood ‘Thermogenics’

    Heller discusses brown adipose tissue, shivering, NEAT (non-exercise activity thermogenesis), and popular misconceptions about targeting brown fat. He notes that human brown fat is distributed and not concentrated between the shoulder blades as often claimed online. The idea of ice packs on the upper back ‘activating brown fat’ is mostly misdirected; any significant core cooling will activate sympathetic pathways, including brown fat. He also clarifies that any muscular activity—even fidgeting—produces disproportionate heat relative to movement work.

  11. 1:54:40 – 2:04:00

    Comparing Cooling to Steroids and Final Reflections

    In a provocative comparison, Heller notes that anabolic steroids in reputable bench-press studies yield roughly 1% performance improvement per week, while palmar cooling interventions can produce ~300% gains in a month for certain protocols. He emphasizes that cooling-induced adaptations (strength gains, hypertrophy) persist even when cooling is withdrawn, indicating true conditioning rather than a transient trick. The episode closes with discussion of sleep socks, thermal comfort, and Huberman’s closing remarks and resources.

  12. 2:04:00

    Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Why Cool Rooms Actually Help

    Heller briefly addresses sleep hygiene and the role of temperature in sleep. He endorses behavioral strategies like consistent schedules, avoiding screens before bed, and relaxing pre-sleep routines. Crucially, he clarifies that cool sleeping environments are beneficial because they allow passive thermoregulation by exposing or covering glabrous regions—especially hands, feet, and face—consistent with the circadian drop in the body’s temperature set-point.

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