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Joe Rogan Experience #2419 - John Lisle

John Lisle has a Ph.D. in history from the University of Texas, where he is now a professor of the history of science. His two books on the intelligence community are "The Dirty Tricks Department" and "Project Mind Control: Sidney Gottlieb, the CIA, and the Tragedy of MKULTRA." https://www.johnlislehistorian.com https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250338747/projectmindcontrol/ Perplexity: Download the app or ask Perplexity anything at https://pplx.ai/rogan. Visible. Live in the know. Join today at https://www.visible.com Don’t miss out on all the action - Download the DraftKings app today! Sign-up at https://dkng.co/rogan or with my promo code ROGAN •GAMBLING PROBLEM? CALL 1-800-GAMBLER, (800) 327-5050 or visit https://gamblinghelplinema.org (MA). Call 877-8-HOPENY/text HOPENY (467369) (NY).Please Gamble Responsibly. 888-789-7777/visit https://ccpg.org (CT), or visit https://www.mdgamblinghelp.org (MD). 21+ and present in most states. (18+ DC/KY/NH/WY). Void in ONT/OR/NH. Eligibility restrictions apply. On behalf of Boot Hill Casino & Resort (KS). Pass-thru of per wager tax may apply in IL. 1 per new customer. Must register new account to receive reward Token. Must select Token BEFORE placing min. $5 bet to receive $200 in Bonus Bets if your bet wins. Min. -500 odds req. Token and Bonus Bets are single-use and non-withdrawable. Token expires 1/11/26. Bonus Bets expire in 7 days (168 hours). Stake removed from payout. Terms: https://sportsbook.draftkings.com/promos. Ends 1/4/26 at 11:59 PM ET. Sponsored by DK.

John LisleguestJoe Roganhost
Nov 27, 20252h 39mWatch on YouTube ↗

EVERY SPOKEN WORD

  1. 0:002:01

    From David Chase’s adaptation to MKUltra’s real-world victims and impunity

    1. JL

      (drumbeats) Joe Rogan podcast, check it out. The Joe Rogan Experience.

    2. JR

      Train by day, Joe Rogan podcast by night. All day. (instrumental music) John, what's happening, man?

    3. JL

      Not much. It's good to be here.

    4. JR

      Very nice to meet you.

    5. JL

      You too. Thanks for having me.

    6. JR

      Um, uh, I know you're in the middle of a project. You're doing a project with David Chase, right? That, it's about MKUltra and...

    7. JL

      Yes. He has gotten the rights to this, to this book.

    8. JR

      Yeah.

    9. JL

      You know, this book, Project Mind Control, and he's, yeah, interested in adapting it into a series.

    10. JR

      Well, I am endlessly fascinated with the subject, so as soon as I heard about it, and they said, "The series is coming, but you could talk to the guy who wrote the book," and I'm like, "Let's go."

    11. JL

      (laughs)

    12. JR

      So, here we go. Project Mind Control, Sidney, Sidney Gottlieb, the CIA, and the Tragedy of MKUltra, which really is a tragedy.

    13. JL

      Mm-hmm.

    14. JR

      Um, you know, I, uh, really got ... I mean, I knew about it, but I really didn't get completely obsessed with it until Chaos, Tom O'Neil's book.

    15. JL

      Yup. Mm-hmm.

    16. JR

      Have you read that?

    17. JL

      Oh, yeah.

    18. JR

      And, uh, when you realize what the MKUltra program involved and how long it ran, and how insane it is, and it essentially had no oversight.

    19. JL

      Yeah.

    20. JR

      And these people were just running these wild mind experiments on American citizens, and nobody went to jail for it.

    21. JL

      Yeah. That, th- that's part of the crazy thing. One of the things I, I really try to focus on in the book, especially the second half in the ... of the book, are the consequences of M- MKUltra in society, but also just what happened to these people afterwards.

    22. JR

      Right.

    23. JL

      The victims of MKUltra, they launched several lawsuits against the CIA, and basically, really, nothing much came out of it. They got paid a little bit of money, but the people who perpetrated MKUltra, they didn't really face any consequences. And so I'm glad you brought that up, because one of the things I really try to talk about in the latter part of the book are, what are the failures of oversight that-

    24. JR

      Yes.

    25. JL

      ... allowed this to happen? How is that possible? How could people within the CIA be doing these kinds of drug experiments on people unwittingly, and yet never face any hardly consequences for their actions? So, I, I delve into that pretty deeply.

  2. 2:014:50

    Lisle’s pathway into intelligence science: OSS roots and “Dirty Tricks” research

    1. JR

      How did you get interested in the subject? Like, what was your in- introduct- introduction to it?

    2. JL

      I feel like my introduction is a little bit different probably from most people because I didn't know that much about MKUltra, um, and I was doing my PhD at UT. And I, I studied the history of science, but my dissertation was on a group of scientists within the intelligence ... They had connections to the intelligence community. They were called the science attachés out of the State Department. The State Department would send these science attachés to different embassies, American embassies around the world, and the CIA was very interested in these people because, hey, we have these scientists going abroad. Maybe they can interrogate foreign scientists and figure out what kind of research they're doing. So that kind of led me into being interested in scientists within the intelligence community.

    3. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    4. JL

      And from that, I learned about, you know, Sidney Gottlieb, but also, m- mostly, my initial interest was this man named Stanley Lovel, who was essentially the Sidney Gottlieb of the OSS. So prior to the CIA, w- the US had the OSS, the Office of Strategic Services, during World War II, and that was the US kind of intelligence agency. And Stanley Lovel was in charge of a branch within the OSS called the Research and Development Branch, and that was the branch that was composed of a group of scientists whose job was to basically invent the deadly weapons, create ingenious disguises, forge documents for secret agents that are sent abroad. So my first-

    5. JR

      Fun stuff.

    6. JL

      Oh, yeah. (laughs)

    7. JR

      (laughs)

    8. JL

      My, my first book, The Dirty Tricks Department, it's about Stanley Lovel in that group, and one of the things they do are drug experiments and truth drug experiments, trying to find out whether it's possible to give someone, uh, you know, a captured enemy agent some kind of drug to make them tell the truth during an interrogation. And it turns out, when I was researching that book, I came across a series of depositions of which Sidney Gottlieb is one of the deportments who would later lead MKUltra. And in these depositions, he was talking about how when he was assigned to be in charge of MKUltra, he didn't really know where to begin. He didn't know anything about mind control. So one of the things that he did, he went into the old OSS files and was starting to look at the drug experiments that Stanley Lovel was doing. And so I thought, that's the connection between Stanley Lovel, my first book-

    9. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    10. JL

      ... and now this one. So that naturally led me into becoming interested in MKUltra. So a, a lot of the things that Sidney Gottlieb was up to with MKUltra, his blueprint was basically Stanley Lovel.

    11. JR

      Just imagine being a government agency, the CIA, the OSS, whatever it is, and then someone says, "Hey, figure out if we can control people's minds."

    12. JL

      (laughs)

    13. JR

      And that's where you start from.

    14. JL

      Yeah. (laughs)

    15. JR

      Right? It's not like Sidney Gottlieb was some expert-

    16. JL

      No. No.

    17. JR

      ... hypnotist or really was a psychologist who really understood human minds.

    18. JL

      Mm-hmm.

    19. JR

      No. They, they started a program going, "What can we do? How can we fuck with people's minds? How can we figure out how to control people's minds?" And they did it for decades.

    20. JL

      Yeah. Yeah. So and, and even-

    21. JR

      And they're probably still doing it now.

  3. 4:506:01

    Pre-MKUltra ‘truth drug’ experiments: THC acetate, irony, and early drug logic

    1. JL

      Well, even before MKUltra, so there are a couple programs that precede it. And I mean, you know, so during World War II, the OSS was already doing truth drug, drug experiments. Not with LSD because that wasn't really around then, but with THC acetate, they would inject it into cigarettes and have people smoke it and then-

    2. JR

      So they just get high?

    3. JL

      They would get high. And the idea-

    4. JR

      And tell the truth?

    5. JL

      The ... Well-

    6. JR

      Supposedly?

    7. JL

      Supposedly.

    8. JR

      (laughs)

    9. JL

      The idea was that it lowers their inhibitions and so maybe they'll be more amenable-

    10. JR

      Yeah.

    11. JL

      ... to talking and-

    12. JR

      Oh, that's hilarious.

    13. JL

      They would do-

    14. JR

      They just gave them spliffs.

    15. JL

      (laughs) Yeah, exactly.

    16. JR

      They basically gave them spliffs.

    17. JL

      They did.

    18. JR

      That's what Europeans smoke.

    19. JL

      Yeah. No, and, and so one of the guys who was actually on the Truth Drug Committee that was kind of overseeing these drug experiments during World War II was Harry Anslinger, who, of course, is launching this crusade-

    20. JR

      Oh, God.

    21. JL

      ... against marijuana, and at the same time, he's overseeing these experiments about dosing people with THC.

    22. JR

      Ah.

    23. JL

      So it's very ironic that that was the case.

    24. JR

      It's, it's really stunning the kind of damage those people did to just-... our trust in government, what we, you know, what, what we know about these psychedelic compounds and drugs and, like, what they did with them that completely changed our idea of what the future of legalization and all these... There's s- there's so much negative impact to what they did.

    25. JL

      Mm-hmm.

  4. 6:019:59

    Harvard, Ted Kaczynski skepticism, and WWII psych profiling’s bizarre extremes

    1. JR

      On top of what they did, they essentially created Ted Kaczynski.

    2. JL

      (laughs) Well, I- I'm, I'm a little s-

    3. JR

      Are you on the fence on that?

    4. JL

      I'm a little skeptical of whether MKUltra is connected to that. But-

    5. JR

      Well, it's certainly Harvard and the LSD experiments-

    6. JL

      Yeah, so-

    7. JR

      ... they did at Harvard. And I don't imagine they would do that without the involvement of the government-

    8. JL

      Yeah, well, the-

    9. JR

      ... without them wanting to have access to research. If you have people at Harvard that are doing, like, really critical LSD studies on people, humiliation studies.

    10. JL

      Yeah, well-

    11. JR

      Right?

    12. JL

      ... with, with him in particular, he, he, the, the study that he was involved in was Henry Murray was the guy who was running that. It's, like, a psychological experiment about, I think it was interpersonal relationships, where he would basically interrogate them and, you know, berate them and see how they reacted to it. Now, Henry Murray, who ran that experiment with Ted K- Kaczynski, he did have connections to the intelligence community. I just am not convinced that he had, was funded by MKUltra or something.

    13. JR

      Hmm.

    14. JL

      His connection, he has a couple of connections. One connection that I mentioned in my first book, The Dirty Tricks Department, he was tasked with creating psychological profiles of German leaders, like Hitler. And so the idea was that he would kind of figure out what their psychology was and maybe we could find ways to exploit that psychology.

    15. JR

      Hmm.

    16. JL

      So, Stanley Lovell, who was the head of this R&D branch of the OSS, he read Henry Murray's psychological profile of Hitler, and he decided, "Maybe I can figure out a way to kind of drive Hitler crazy by using this." So, Henry Murray-

    17. JR

      Whoa.

    18. JL

      ... Henry Murray said that Hitler had a very feminine kind of personality, he was on the border between masculine and feminine, and, you know, at least that's what Henry Murray is saying in this psychological profile. Stanley Low- Lovell reads that and he thinks, "Maybe I can exploit this by getting one of the gardeners near the Eagle Nest," where Hitler often had some meetings. There were some gardeners down there. "We can get an agent to slip a gardener some female sex hormone and that gardener-

    19. JR

      (laughs)

    20. JL

      ... that gardener can inject it into the beets that are destined for Hitler's plate.

    21. JR

      Oh my God.

    22. JL

      "Hitler's gonna eat it and it's gonna, like, exacerbate this feminine tendency and it's gonna make him go crazy," or something like that.

    23. JR

      That's-

    24. JL

      That was the plan. That never actually happened, but-

    25. JR

      Hilarious.

    26. JL

      ... that, so, Henry Murray is kind of connected to the OSS in that sense. And then later, he develops some personality tests for the OSS and CIA, I believe it was for recruits, to give these to recruits to determine whether they kind of have the psychological profile, file, that would amenable to being in an intelligence organization.

    27. JR

      Did you r- see that they recently, uh, did a scan of some blood that was found in Hitler's bunker and they determined that he has a very unusual, uh, gene expression? Can you find out what that is? It's, it's something that would lead to him potentially having a micropenis.

    28. JL

      (laughs)

    29. JR

      Yeah, which is-

    30. JL

      I hadn't heard that.

  5. 9:5911:24

    LSD in the military: British footage, shared hallucinations, and early data gathering

    1. JL

      Yeah. And, you know, with these, there are a lot of LSD experiments after World War II, within the CIA and MKUltra, of course, but also army LSD experiments that aren't really connected to MKUltra, so I don't go into them that much in this book. But there are, you know, the British are doing LSD experiments on their personnel. The US military does, too. And (laughs) , you know, it, it's, just some of the stories that come out of it are very silly and really and just insane. But there was, there was one document I found that talks about how they were giving these two army personnel, these two soldiers, LSD, to see how they reacted to it. And so each, each of them took the LSD. They were in, like, a padded room isolated with each other, so nobody else was there. And they started hallucinating and one of them pretended to, like, start smoking a cigarette. And he didn't actually have a cigarette. He had nothing, you know? But he just pretended to smoke a cigarette and the other guy was off in his own world. And then the first guy, he reached into his pocket and took out an imaginary pack of cigarettes. He didn't actually have one. It was just an empty hand, but he was just hallucinating that there was one. And he reached it out to the other guy, uh, basically to offer, "Hey, do you want a cigarette?" And the other guy looked at it and he said, "No, I couldn't take your last one." (laughs) It was just an empty hand. There was nothing-

    2. JR

      What?

    3. JL

      (laughs)

    4. JR

      No way he couldn't take your last one.

    5. JL

      They're having, like, this shared hallucination or something.

    6. JR

      Wow. Wow. I mean, a- also, back then, we didn't really know too much about that stuff, so they were kind of gathering information about what would happen if you gave someone LSD.

  6. 11:2416:50

    Why MKUltra existed: interrogation fantasies, discrediting enemies, and Castro plots

    1. JL

      Mm-hmm. Yep. That, that was, that's kind of the motivation for MKUltra in the first place. Th- there were several motivating factors. One of them is how do we get prisoners to speak during an interrogation? Maybe there's some, maybe there is some kind of truth drug that can get them to tell us the secrets that we want to know. Another is...... maybe we can use this to discredit individuals, like Fidel Castro.

    2. JR

      Hmm.

    3. JL

      Let's say we dose him with LSD before a big speech. He appears to be crazy, and his people are gonna lose trust in him because he's, he's making nonsense ... you know, he's just talking gibberish.

    4. JR

      Was that proposed?

    5. JL

      Oh, yeah. Yeah. Th- uh, there were proposed-

    6. JR

      Interesting.

    7. JL

      ... uh, a plan to put LSD into cigars that would sneak into Castro's, kind of, place-

    8. JR

      (laughs)

    9. JL

      ... that he would smoke before he gave a speech.

    10. JR

      What I don't understand about that is they were trying to kill him. So if-

    11. JL

      Yeah.

    12. JR

      ... if they couldn't get poison into his cigars, why did they think they could get acid in there?

    13. JL

      Well, like, they have ... N- n- ... The original plan was to discredit him, and then the later plan was to kill him.

    14. JR

      Oh.

    15. JL

      Yeah, so the- there were a couple of original plans to disc- discredit him. One is to sneak him LSD to make him appear insane so that his people will lose faith in him. Another one was to slip what's called thallium salts into his shoes, and these are depilatories, they make your hai- hair fall out. And so the idea was that, you know, he's got this mascunile ... masculine allure with his big beard, but if we can slip these depilatories into his s- shoes, and he puts them on, his beard's gonna fall out, and like Samson, he's gonna lose his power. You know, something like that.

    16. JR

      (laughs)

    17. JL

      (laughs) That was the idea. So Sidney Gottlieb was kind of involved-

    18. JR

      Wow.

    19. JL

      ... in some of these that I talk about in the book. Uh, another one-

    20. JR

      Wow.

    21. JL

      ... So you have the LSD, you have the depilatory, another one was to Photoshop images, basically, of Castro with a bunch of beautiful women around him, and a, like, a buffet of food in front of him, and to have a caption underneath it that said, "My ration is different," to indicate, like, "I'm getting all the benefits of, you know, this, uh," you know, "the spoils of society while my people are going hungry." And so, you know, the idea was to spread this around Cuba and have people resent Castro for indulging in all these

    22. JR

      Well, that one's actually reasonable.

    23. JL

      (laughs) Yeah, right?

    24. JR

      Right? 'Cause-

    25. JL

      A little bit more than the other two.

    26. JR

      That one's probably the closest to accurate.

    27. JL

      Yeah.

    28. JR

      Yeah.

    29. JL

      So tho- tho- those were attempts to discredit Castro, and then there were several attempts to assassinate him that Sidney Gottlieb and others involved, kind of, in this story do. So, some of the main assassination attempts on Castro involved his hobby of ocean diving. So he liked to dive in the ocean. And one idea was that, what if we get this really beautiful shell that he would just be unable to pass up? Like, it would be so beautiful that if anyone swam by it, they would obviously want to pick it up. We pack the shell full of explosives and put it on ... just have some kind of trigger mechanism for when you pick it up that detonates the explosives.

    30. JR

      Right.

  7. 16:5023:19

    Inside MKUltra’s machinery: 149 subprojects, prisons/hospitals, and heroin as leverage

    1. JR

      Yeah, it's ... It just ... What other drugs did they experiment with? Did they experiment with amphetamines as well?

    2. JL

      Oh, yeah. Yeah.

    3. JR

      Yeah?

    4. JL

      So, um, one of ... Well, I should mention that MKUltra was broken into 149 sub-projects.

    5. JR

      Whoa.

    6. JL

      So MKUltra was the umbrella term, and within MKUltra, there were, uh, 149 sub-projects that were kind of farmed out to, in many cases, independent researchers who might be working at a hospital or a prison or a university, something like that. One of the main people who was running these studies is a guy, uh, named Harris Isbell at the Lexington Narcotic Farm. This is where drug ac- drug addicts could go, um, to get treatment for their addiction. Prisoners could go there as well. And whenever Sidney Gottlieb-... found a drug that he was interested in, he would basically just give it to Harris Isbell, who could try it out on these prisoners to see how they reacted, and then Isbell would write reports back to Gottlieb. So, he tried psilocybin when that came out, LSD, but also stuff like, I mean, heroin. The CIA was particularly interested in heroin because if you can induce an addiction in a captured agent, let's say, then you can use that as leverage in int- interrogation, the- the withdrawal symptoms. So, you get them addicted to heroin-

    7. JR

      Mm.

    8. JL

      ... and then use the withdrawal symptoms saying, "Well, if you tell us about this, maybe I'll, you know, give you a little..."

    9. JR

      Right.

    10. JL

      So, that- that was at least the concept. But there were, I mean, dozens and dozens of different kinds of drugs they were testing just to see how people reacted to them if- and if any of them could be used as a potential truth drug.

    11. JR

      The heroin one actually makes sense. I never thought of that.

    12. JL

      Yeah. Well, one of the- one of the ironies as well about this experiment that I mentioned, you know, Harris Isbell and giving these prisoners all these drugs, the prisoners are in this place, it's called the narcotic farm because they're supposed to be getting off drugs, you know? They're- they're- they're supposed to be, you know, curing them of their addiction, at the same time, they're giving them all these drugs to test them out. And then as a reward for participating in these trials, they had two options. Either they could get like, a positive letter in the parole board and like, $100 or something, or they could go to the drug bank window, stick out their arm, and they would get a needle full of heroin as a reward.

    13. JR

      Oh my God.

    14. JL

      So, they were supposed to be getting off drugs, and yet you're incentivizing them to participate in these drug trials by giving them drugs.

    15. JR

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    16. JL

      Yeah. So, that's one of 149 sub-projects. (laughs)

    17. JR

      (laughs) Do you- are you aware that heroin was created as a- a- a- it was a substitute for people that were addicted to morphine?

    18. JL

      Uh, no, no.

    19. JR

      Yeah.

    20. JL

      (laughs)

    21. JR

      I think- W- Google- that- that's correct, right? Search that. I'm pretty sure that's correct. Yeah, they- they c- came up with heroin to treat people that were addicted to morphine.

    22. JL

      Hmm.

    23. JR

      It's... What? (laughs)

    24. JL

      (laughs)

    25. JR

      You know- you know, it's... Well, that's like OxyContin, giving them OxyContin if they're addicted to heroin.

    26. JL

      Yeah.

    27. JR

      It's like the same thing.

    28. JL

      Yeah.

    29. JR

      But getting someone addicted to that and then pulling it away from them seems like it would be very effective in terms of like, getting- getting them to give up information.

    30. JL

      Yeah, that was the idea. And-

  8. 23:1927:21

    Placebo mind control: the ‘truth drug’ threat, staged hypnosis, and deception tactics

    1. JL

      One- one- uh, I- I was just gonna say, one of the, uh, ironic things too with some of these MKUltra sub-projects, they're interested in finding these supposed truth drugs that could get someone to tell the truth during an interrogation. But it turns out the- even just the threat of giving someone a truth drug turned out to be a lot more effective than any drug that they actually tried out. So for instance, in an interrogation, if you tell someone that this is a truth drug and I'm gonna give it to you and, you know, it's gonna make you tell the truth-... that can lower their defenses in a, a bit, in a, in, in a, in a sense that the person who takes this, th- that might give them kind of the permission to be able to talk.

    2. JR

      Right.

    3. JL

      Because it makes them think, "Well, I couldn't have stopped myself. Well, if, you know, I mean, they gave me this truth drug, of course I'm gonna have to say this, so I can't be blamed. No one's gonna blame me." So it takes kind of the burden off their shoulders if they think they've been given a truth drug, even if they haven't and just give them a sugar pill. So that actually turned out to be a lot more effective than any of the drugs that they actually tried. (laughs)

    4. JR

      Oh, that totally makes sense.

    5. JL

      They did the same thing with hypnotism, too. Um, the hypnotism turned out to be not that effective in, at least in an interrogation. But if you could convince someone that they had been hypnotized even if they hadn't, then that could be effective. So for instance, this is what a guy called Martin Orne, he was one of the psychologists who was w- in charge of one of these sub-projects. Um, but he, he put forward what's called the hypnotic situation, not hypnotism but the hypnotic situation. So for instance, you pretend to hypnotize someone, the person you're interrogating, and they know they're not hypnotized. They obviously can tell that, you know, "You're not controlling me. This, nothing's happening." However, you start saying things like, you know, "I'm hypnotizing you, and your hands are getting warmer." And they're gonna think to themselves, "No, they're not." But under the table, you secretly implanted a heater and that their hands actually are getting warmer, because where they're sitting there's this heater under there that they don't know exists and it's making their hands warmer. So after a certain period of time, they start thinking to themselves, "Maybe I am being hypnotized. Like, the things that he's saying are actually happening."

    6. JR

      (laughs)

    7. JL

      And so if you can make them think that they've been hypnotized, again, that lowers their, um, resistance because, I mean, who could blame me for talking now? I've been hypnotized.

    8. JR

      Right.

    9. JL

      I couldn't help myself but talk. At least that's the idea. (laughs)

    10. JR

      Bl- it's just so fascinating to me how much time and effort was spent just studying how to control people's minds and t- and trying to come up with ways-

    11. JL

      Mm-hmm.

    12. JR

      ... to do it.

    13. JL

      Yeah. Yeah.

    14. JR

      So it must've been really exciting to be them.

    15. JL

      Um-

    16. JR

      I mean, I think what they did is horrible. I, I don't ... You know, I'm not c-

    17. JL

      Yeah.

    18. JR

      ... in any way forgiving MKUltra for what they did. However, boy it must've been fun just to have no oversight. No one even knows you exist.

    19. JL

      You, you kind of get this impression by looking at some of these MKUltra documents, especially at the beginning before the Frank Olson in- incident, and Frank Olson eventually dies after one of these experiments, and so that kind of, that definitely puts a damper on a lot of things that are going on. Before that, though, I do get the sense that it's almost like they're a bunch of guys just trying to, you know, play around with each other in a way, even though what they're doing is completely unethical. But they would just be dosing, like, the CIA coffee pot and see what happens to people who are taking drinks of it-

    20. JR

      (laughs)

    21. JL

      ... just to, to ... I mean, their rationale is that, "Well, if the Soviets possess some kind of hallucinogenic drug and they were gonna, going to release it into the water supply of a city, we need to know how people would react to that, 'cause we need to know how to defend against that. Therefore, we should be doing that to people just to see how they react to it so that we know what kind of signs to look for in case the Soviets do that."

    22. JR

      Didn't they dose up a town in France?

    23. JL

      Um, I, I don't think the CIA was connected to that. I mean, I think it actually-

    24. JR

      Somebody did.

    25. JL

      ... was, like, an ergot poisoning that came from the bread.

    26. JR

      Oh, it was ergot? Okay.

    27. JL

      From the ... I, I think so. But yeah, there, this-

    28. JR

      But there was some speculation-

    29. JL

      Mm-hmm.

    30. JR

      ... that it was purposeful.

  9. 27:2129:35

    Operation Midnight Climax: CIA brothels, George White, and ‘fun, fun, fun’ cruelty

    1. JR

      They're running brothels.

    2. JL

      Oh, yeah. Yeah, so-

    3. JR

      That's the crazy one. O- Operation Midnight Climax. Look it up, folks, 'cause it's really crazy. They, they had their own brothels, and they would use two-way mirrors with cameras behind-

    4. JL

      Mm-hmm.

    5. JR

      ... them, and they would dose the johns up. They'd give them a dr- "Would you like a drink? Have a seat." And they go, "Sure, I'll have a drink." And this poor guy, getting off of work, has a drink, thinks he's gonna be with a prostitute and have some nice sex. Next thing you know, he's just tripping out of his mind-

    6. JL

      (laughs)

    7. JR

      ... while he's being recorded by Jolly West. (laughs)

    8. JL

      Yeah, and, you know, the guy who actually ran that is a guy named George White, and he was involved in the OSS. So he was, you know, I, I mentioned Stanley Lovel and the THC acetate. George White was the guy who was hired to do that in the OSS. Then Sydney Gottlieb-

    9. JR

      Wow.

    10. JL

      ... when he's thinking, "I need to do these drug experiments for myself, who am I gonna get at, to, to do it for me? I need someone who has connections to the underworld, who has criminal connections," George White was a Bureau of Narcotics officer, and so Gottlieb was going through the OSS files and it turns out, "Oh, this guy's already done these experiments. I'm gonna hire him." So that's how George White eventually gets involved in the CIA stuff.

    11. JR

      Wow. I can't wait for this show. (laughs)

    12. JL

      (laughs)

    13. JR

      'Cause if David Chase gets ahold of a subject like this, it's g-

    14. JL

      (laughs)

    15. JR

      There's so much room. Like, it's so endlessly fascinating.

    16. JL

      Yeah. I'm, I'm really excited. Obviously, for me, I mean, it, it's just so lucky that he happened to be interested in this kind of topic. I mean, there are a lot of books out there on any number of topics that anyone could be interested in. But the fact that, you know, I mean, I do consider myself extremely lucky. I happened to write this book at the right time, and someone happened to be interested in it at the right time. So yeah. I, I can't wait for that to come out.

    17. JR

      Yeah. I'm, I'm very happy that you did write this book, and I'm very happy that this is happening 'cause I talk to people about the subject, you know, like normies per se, and they, they look at you sideways. Like, "What did they do? They do what? They're responsible for Manson. What? Huh?" And it's like, oh, my God, the rabbit hole is so deep. I don't have enough battery in my flashlight to take you down this rabbit hole. (laughs)

    18. JL

      Well, that's one of the things with MKUltra just in general. I mean, uh, initially reading about this, my first impression is that o- obviously that that's, like, a, you know, conspiracy theory-

    19. JR

      Right.

    20. JL

      ... or it can't be right. But some conspiracies are true, and the MKUltra stuff, they actually did this. They were dosing people, using prostitutes behind a one-way mirror.

    21. JR

      Yeah.

  10. 29:3537:34

    Psychiatric ‘blank slate’ experiments: Ewen Cameron, psychic driving, comas, and shock

    1. JL

      George White sitting on a toilet watching this happen. They're ... You know, I mean, even besides drugs, MKUltra is involved in, in a lot of psychological experiments. So not just LSD. Uh, most people associate MKUltra with LSD, but one of the-One of the most, uh, expansive of the sub-projects is Sub-Project 68. It was by this guy named Ewen Cameron. Have you heard- heard that name before?

    2. JR

      No.

    3. JL

      Cameron? Okay, Ewen Cameron, he is a psychiatrist up in Montreal in Canada, working at what's called the Allan Memorial Institute. And Gottlieb wanted to expand MKUltra besides drugs, because he already had a lot of people doing drug experiments, so he wanted to see if there were psychological techniques th- that, that could be used to manipulate a person. So not just in an interrogation, but can we actually, like, control a person's personality? Can we make them behave in certain ways, make them do something? So the idea that Ewen Cameron had come up with, before the CIA is involved, um, I- I should mention, Ewen Cameron is a behaviorist. So he thinks that all behavior is a result of nurture, not nature.

    4. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    5. JL

      So it's- it's the environmental input that causes a person to behave a certain way, and he thought that if you could bring a person back down to a blank slate, remove all the environmental inputs that have been put into them, and then you can build them back up in your image into whatever you want them to be. So his idea to bring someone down to the blank slate was to induce enough stress that they forgot who they formerly were. And so you reduce them to the blank str- slate, and then the CIA's really interested in if you could do that, then you could form them into whatever. So Ewen Cameron, his main goal is to try to figure out what can induce enough stress on a person to bring them down to that blank slate. And so he performs a lot of experiments. His most famous one is called psychic driving, where he was doing a, uh, a therapy session, uh, quote-unquote "therapy" with one of his patients, and she had ... He was recording the session, and she said something about how, you know, "My mother, when I was young, used to tell me blah, blah, blah." You know, she said something negative to her. And so Ewen Cameron re- rewinded that on the tape that he was recording and made her listen back to it and said, "Hey, I want you to listen back to what your- you say your mo- mother used to say to you." When he re- rewinded the tape and played it forward, as soon as the woman was kinda quoting her mother and she listened to that herself on the tape, she recoiled. And Cameron thought, "Oh, you have a negative reaction to that." So he rewinded again, and again, and again, and he kept rewinding it, and she just got more and more emotional, had this more and more kind of visceral reaction to what she was saying her mother used to tell her. So this led Cameron to develop the concept of psychic driving, which is you record some kind of negative message, and then you make someone listen to it for thousands and thousands and thousands of times for weeks on end, for hours every day. All their waking day, they basically are strapped into a headphone that is playing this negative message, and it will break them down over time. That's how you induce enough stress to b- break them down to the blank slate. And then you can record a positive psychic driving message to build them up into whatever image you want them to be. So that was his initial, um, idea.

    6. JR

      But, but was it based on anything?

    7. JL

      Not really.

    8. JR

      Or was it just-

    9. JL

      It wa- it was just based on he had this one encounter with this woman and she had a negative reaction. And he's just trying to induce stress. This obviously seemed to induce stress in her, therefore we're gonna start playing these negative in- tapes to them.

    10. JR

      So it was just his idea?

    11. JL

      It's just his idea.

    12. JR

      Wow.

    13. JL

      He- he was known for doing this kind of thing, like, kind of spur of the moment. In fact, there was one, there was one kid, basically, who had been at this Allan Memorial Institute where Ewen Cameron was. He eventually had gotten out, but he had tried to commit suicide, and so he was sent back to the Allan Memorial Institute. But the way that he had tried to commit suicide was to close the garage and have the CO2 build up with the running car, and then he would, you know, breathe it in and pass out and die. Um, that ended up not working. However, when he went back to the Allan Memorial Institute, Ewen Cameron thought, "You know, his personality seems like a little bit better than it was th- when he was here before. Maybe CO2 can, like-"

    14. JR

      (laughs) .

    15. JL

      ... "influence someone." (laughs) And so, so he sent out some of his, uh-

    16. JR

      (laughs) .

    17. JL

      ... some of his assistants to go buy, like, CO2 canisters, and, "We're gonna start, like, giving this to people."

    18. JR

      Ah.

    19. JL

      But it turns out the assistants knew that this was, like, completely unethical. There's no medical basis for anything. And so they lied to him and said, "Oh, the canisters were way more expensive than we could actually afford, so we can't do that." But ... So he was, he was just, he was trying to find any way that he could have a breakthrough to cure mental illness, and he was using his g- patients as guinea pigs, basically.

    20. JR

      Complete guinea pigs?

    21. JL

      Complete guinea pigs.

    22. JR

      What was the result with the woman? The- the woman where they played the negative-

    23. JL

      Um ...

    24. JR

      ... recordings?

    25. JL

      I don't ... Well, there are, there are dozens and dozens of people who that happened to. I don't know about her in particular, 'cause I don't know if she's actually named in the documents. So I don't, I don't know-

    26. JR

      Did any of these experiments have a positive effect?

    27. JL

      Oh.

    28. JR

      Did it work?

    29. JL

      Hardly. Hardly. Hardly. So that, that was only-

    30. JR

      I- I shouldn't even say positive. I should say were they effective?

  11. 37:341:02:56

    The paper trail that survived: lawsuits, Library of Congress depositions, and settlements

    1. JR

      Was it reversible in any way? Was it-

    2. JL

      Um, it's, in her case, I'm not exactly sure. She went on to have a little bit of a career, but she eventually attempted to commit suicide later again. That was unsuccessful. Then her and several of the victims of Ewen Cameron's experiments, in the 1980s, they ended up suing the CIA for supporting Ewen Cameron. And during those lawsuits, the attorneys who were representing them, they took the depositions of several of the people who were involved in MKUltra to try to use this during their trial. So they took the depositions of Sidney Gottlieb, Robert Lashbrook, Richard Helms, the head of the CIA, and many of the victims who were victims of all this, and that's basically the basis for my book. I found thousands of pages of these depositions that's just verbatim transcript of these people talking about either what they did or what was done to them. And so I'm using that throughout the book to explain here's what they're doing in their own words, or here's what was done to them in their own words.

    3. JR

      Wow. Well, so what was the result of the trial?

    4. JL

      Oh, well, so it was actually settled out of court before it went to trial. So the plaintiffs, the CIA gave the plaintiffs $750,000 to be split among them, but, you know-

    5. JR

      Oh, boy.

    6. JL

      ... after attorneys' fees and everything, it doesn't really amount to much anyway.

    7. JR

      Oh, boy.

    8. JL

      And so, you know, they settled out of court. They got a little bit of money, but it never went to trial.

    9. JR

      Ugh. But they-

    10. JL

      And so the, these depositions, though, you know, since it never went to trial, these were just in the papers of Joseph Rauh, who's the main lawyer who was involved in this case. And when he passed away, his, his papers were donated to the Library of Congress that had all these thousands of pages of depositions in there, 823 pages of which are Sidney Gottlieb testifying about what he did in MKUltra. And so I was rooting around the Library of Congress and happened to find them. So that's how I found, basically, the basis for what this book is.

    11. JR

      Wow. Wow. I wonder how much of that woman's psychological breakdown had to do with the guilt of performing those experiments on people and realizing that it wasn't doing anything-

    12. JL

      Yeah.

    13. JR

      ... that he thought, that Ewen Cameron thought it was gonna do.

    14. JL

      Mm-hmm.

    15. JR

      In fact, it was destroying people's minds.

    16. JL

      Yeah, maybe some. I mean, it's, it's just speculation 'cause I'm not sure about-

    17. JR

      Yeah, of course.

    18. JL

      ... you know, that had to have weighed on the consciences. Uh, uh, you know, there's, in what was called the Sleep Room, Ewen Cameron's Sleep Room, this is where they would do the chemical comas. The, one of the nurses, I have kind of, uh, her, her diary entries basically describing what she was seeing, and she does seem to be pretty reluctant to have done what she was actually doing. And Ewen Cameron, she said, would often come over to her and pat her on the back and say, you know, "You're helping these people. You're helping these people," just trying to coax her along to go along with what he was telling her to do.

    19. JR

      Ewen Cameron seems like h- like a complete madman.

    20. JL

      Yeah.

    21. JR

      Like he was in a d- it almost, like, too good to be true. Not to- too good, but too, too, like, mad scientist to be true. Was he on any sort of drugs?

    22. JL

      I- I- I mean, I've never seen anything to indicate that he was on drugs, but he definitely had a, almost like a messiah complex.

    23. JR

      Ah.

    24. JL

      He thought, "I'm gonna be the one to win the Nobel Prize in medicine because I'm gonna cure all mental illness through this psychic driving," or whatever it was. He was gonna be the next Sigmund Freud. He really had delusions of grandeur, just like I think Jolly West did as well.

    25. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    26. JL

      And so I think that drove a lot of what he was doing. His patients were just a means to his own end. They, they're, they're the guinea pigs that I can use to prove that these medical techniques s- actually work, and therefore everyone's gonna praise me because I've cured, you know, schizophrenia or whatever it is.

    27. JR

      I would j- I'm just always suspicious of something that has that, someone has that kind of access to all sorts of compounds.

    28. JL

      Mm-hmm.

    29. JR

      Like, and then you're experimenting on people and, you know, especially with things like amphetamines, which do tend to make people a little l- less empathetic-

    30. JL

      Mm-hmm.

  12. 1:02:561:29:39

    Secrecy’s ‘vicious cycle’: oversight failures, destroyed files, and Congress’s incentives

    1. JR

      (sighs) Oof. Now, when y- you get deeper and deeper into this stuff, how much has it sh- shaped your worldview?

    2. JL

      Um, a, a decent amount in the sense that, uh, just as it did for kind of the American public in general in the 1970s when this was coming out, it really led people to cast a skeptical eye toward the government and thinking ... It's just assumed that the government is supposed to be the protector of civil li- civil liberties, but after Watergate, after MKUltra, after the Vietnam War, it starts to seem as if the government is infringing on those civil liberties, you know? Instead of being the protector of it, in many cases, it's infringing on them. Um, not that it doesn't protect civil liberties, but one of the main things that I came away after writing this book is the problem of oversight. You know, I think the, the constitutional system of government that we have is ingenious, the fact that we have checks and balances and these sep- the sep- the separation of powers. However, you have to enable the separate branches of government to be able to check the other branches. For most of the Cold War, that external check on the executive branch, the, the, like Congress checking the executive, the president or the CIA, didn't really exist. Um, so any time that the CIA was doing an operation, I have a chapter about this, but, you know, sometimes the CIA personnel would try to inform members of Congress of what they were doing. I have one specific quote where a CIA guy walks up to a sitting senator and says, "Hey, let me tell you about what we're doing in Chile or whatever it is." And then he says, "No, I don't want to hear it. Don't tell me. Just do what you're going to do." He doesn't even want to know. So it's like, how can you expect Congress to give oversight of the executive if they are completely unwilling to even know what the executive is doing? So fortunately, in the aftermath of these revelations, there have been some, um, some programs or committees that are set up within Congress to provide that external check. However, it's, you know, it's not even clear how effective those are. Um, for, one, one check on the executive after this is that the president now has to, um, sign off basically on covert operations, so that, that eliminates the president's plausible deniability. One of the main themes throughout this book is th- it is what I call this, uh, the vicious cycle of secrecy. So, an organization like the CIA that has secrecy, that kind of leads to what I, I see as this vicious cycle. Secrecy leads to plausible deniability because if it's secret, nobody can know that I'm doing this, therefore I'm not going to be blamed for it. So secrecy leads to plausible deniability. Plausible deniability leads to reckless behavior, like MKUltra. If nobody's gonna find out what I'm doing, therefore I'm incentivized to do some crazy stuff because I'm not going to be held accountable for it. So secrecy to plausible deniability, plausible deniability to reckless behavior. Reckless behavior, in many instances, leads to embarrassment. It's almost inevitable for many of these projects that they get found out. Someone leaks something to the press. This is how the family jewels that the CIA had that was like a compilation of all the illegal stuff that it had done over the past couple of decades, it eventually got leaked to Seymour Hersh who published it on the front page of The New York Times. So, reckless behavior leads to embarrassment, but embarrassment leads to secrecy because now that we've been found out, we got to make sure that never happens again. We need more secrecy. And the vicious cycle ten- continues. So if you can break that vicious cycle by having some kind of external check, that's what you actually need, like an empowered Congress that is willing to check the executive.

    3. JR

      Yeah.

    4. JL

      So ...

    5. JR

      And then you realize, well, who's running against them? Who wants that job? Not a lot of impressive people. A lot of really driven, successful, intelligent people are involved in-... other activities that consume their time.

    6. JL

      Mm-hmm.

    7. JR

      They have families, they have careers, they have a lot... They don't have the desire to be a congressperson. So you're not getting the cream of the crop. You're not even getting anything-

    8. JL

      (laughs)

    9. JR

      ... remotely similar to the cream of the crop. You're occasionally getting great people that really wanna serve the country, but that is rare. That is, that is like... I wouldn't say rare, but if 20% of the food you ate at a place was poison, would you go eat at that place?

    10. JL

      (laughs) No.

    11. JR

      You would not, right? You would say, "I'm assuming there's fucking poison in that place." That's Congress.

    12. JL

      Yeah. And, you know-

    13. JR

      That, that's elected officials.

    14. JL

      Yeah. And Andrew Yang has made this point before, I know I've heard him say it, that the, the reelection rate of Congress is super high. It's like 80, 90%, whatever it is.

    15. JR

      Yeah.

    16. JL

      The approval rating for Congress is like in the teens.

    17. JR

      Yeah.

    18. JL

      So how is it we have such a divergence between the reelection rate and the approval rating? It has to do with the in- the, the kind of electoral system, you know? The people who are incentivized to actually run for Congress, in many cases, they're the most ideological on either side, because the only race that matters is actually the primary. Because if you're in a, you know, uh, a district that is 90% Trump voters, the Republican is going to win the general r- election. It doesn't matter who it is. So, you know, the, the primary is the, the main election that happens in those districts. And if that's the case, well, the person who can win the primary is gonna win the general. And who's gonna win the primary? Well, it's gonna win... I- It's gonna be the person who can get 90% of Trump voters to be more interested in them than whoever the other Republican, you know, is.

    19. JR

      Right.

    20. JL

      In many cases, that drives ideological extremism because, you know, you're, you're already selecting a sample size of voters within the primary who are the most ideological extreme. And so, they're going to elect basically whoever it is-

    21. JR

      Yeah.

    22. JL

      ... because the general election's a foregone conclusion. So if you can realign the electoral system in a way to where, you know, I mean, I don't know the, the answer to this, but it would be some kind of open primaries or ranked voting or proportional representation, ending gerrymandering, something like that-

    23. JR

      Mm-hmm.

    24. JL

      ... then you better incentivize Congresspeople to actually want the job or incentivize people who would be good at the job to engage in the job or to, to, to become Congresspeople because they actually have a clear path to doing it, because they're not gonna be blocked in the primary. So some kind of reform like that, I think, is how you better, um, facilitate this check between the different branches.

Episode duration: 2:39:14

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