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How to become a category pirate | Christopher Lochhead (Author of Play Bigger, Niche Down, more)

Christopher Lochhead is a 14-time #1 bestselling author, top podcaster, and former 3x public tech company CMO and has been an advisor to over 50 VC-backed tech startups. He is best known as a “godfather” of category design, and Adobe named his book Play Bigger one of “the five greatest marketing books of all time.” In this episode, we discuss:• What exactly category design is • The “Frame It, Name It, Claim It” framework • How to go about designing your category • Why “languaging” is so powerful • Rating yourself on the category design scorecard • Why Chris considers “product-market fit” a dangerous concept • Chris’s spicy take on positioning • The “better trap” and why it’s crucial to avoid it • The magic triangle of product, company, and category • How to embrace negative feedback • Why the greatest time in the history of innovation is now — Brought to you by Mixpanel—Event analytics that everyone can trust, use, and afford: https://mixpanel.com/startups | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny | Round—The private network built by tech leaders for tech leaders: https://www.round.tech/apply?utm_campaign=lennys-letter&utm_medium=email-ad&utm_source=email-marketing&utm_content=send-3-2023-09-17 Find the transcript and references at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-become-a-category-pirate-christopher Where to find Christopher Lochhead: • Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lochhead • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/christopherlochhead/ • Website: https://www.categorypirates.com/ Where to find Lenny: • Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com • Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lennysan • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/ In this episode, we cover: (00:00) Chris’s background (05:08) Why Chris shares his negative criticism on his website (11:58) A simple explanation of category design (18:00) How Purell mastered category design (23:07) What Gong got right (and wrong) (29:01) The “better trap” and why it’s crucial to avoid it (38:51) Reflective thinking vs. reflexive thinking (44:45) How Lomi created a revolutionary solution for food waste  (48:50) The “Frame It, Name It, Claim It” framework  (49:08) The concept of “languaging”  (54:00) Examples of languaging  (59:19) Spend more time on the problem than the solution (1:01:37) The power of “backcasting” (1:07:33) The truth behind building legendary brands (1:10:39) The problem with product-market fit (1:16:11) Chris’s spicy take on positioning (1:19:20) “Damming the demand” (1:24:49) Laws from Chris’s book The 22 Laws of Category Design (1:29:46) Word of mouth: the most powerful form of marketing (1:34:05) Chris’s closing message to listeners (1:39:01) Lightning round Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed.

Christopher LochheadguestLenny Rachitskyhost
Sep 16, 20231h 48mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

Design Markets, Not Just Products: Christopher Lochhead On Category Creation

  1. Christopher Lochhead argues that legendary companies don’t just build better products; they design entirely new market categories by redefining the problems they solve. Drawing on research and many examples, he explains that in tech markets, one company typically captures about two-thirds of a category’s total value, so competing as “better” in an existing space is usually a losing strategy. Instead, founders should obsess over problems, craft a sharp point of view, invent new language, and “frame, name, and claim” a distinct category—then drive word-of-mouth and demand through focused “lightning strikes” rather than generic marketing. He also challenges popular ideas like product–market fit and positioning, and closes with a call for creators to pursue “exponential different,” because “the future needs you.”

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Competing within an existing category usually means fighting for scraps.

Lochhead’s research shows that, in tech, the category leader captures about two-thirds of the total market value, leaving everyone else to split the remaining 24%. If you choose to “be better” in an existing category, you are implicitly choosing to fight over that smaller slice.

Design the category by redefining the problem, not just improving the solution.

Legendary companies start with a fresh articulation of the problem (or reframe an existing one) and then align their product, company, and story around that new definition—like Lomi reframing kitchen waste and composting, or GOJO inventing “liquid soap” and later “hand sanitizer.”

Avoid the “better trap”: being a slightly better version of what already exists.

Copying an incumbent solution and claiming it’s better—like Threads vs. Twitter or Amazon’s Fire Phone vs. the iPhone—almost always fails, because the incumbent already adequately solves the accepted problem. Without a new or reframed problem, customers won’t switch.

Use languaging and a sharp point of view to change how people think.

Terms like “vertical railway” (Otis), “venti” (Starbucks), “energy drink” (Red Bull), and “LLM” (OpenAI) create new mental scaffolding for customers. A clear point of view frames the from–to journey (status quo → new way) and makes your category understandable, memorable, and spreadable.

Think in terms of backcasting: start from the future and work backwards.

Instead of forecasting from today’s constraints, Lochhead recommends imagining a fully successful future state and then asking, “Standing there, what must have happened to get us here?” This helps reject legacy assumptions and opens up truly category-defining ideas.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

Most entrepreneurs make an unquestioned decision to compete for the 24% and they don’t even know they made it.

Christopher Lochhead

The category makes the product. The category makes the brand. The category makes the company.

Christopher Lochhead

You can’t take an existing problem with an existing solution, launch exactly the same shit, say it’s better, and have the world embrace it.

Christopher Lochhead

Thinking about thinking is the most important kind of thinking.

Christopher Lochhead

If you’re lucky enough to make it to the top of a mountain, throw down a fucking rope.

Christopher Lochhead

What category design is and why it dominates traditional competition strategyThe economics of categories (one company capturing ~76% of value)The “better trap” and why competing as a better product usually failsFraming, naming, and claiming problems through points of view and languagingExamples of successful and failed category design (Lomi, Otis, Starbucks, Threads, Peloton, Purell, etc.)Critiques of product–market fit, positioning, and “disruption”Practical go-to-market tactics: super-consumers, lightning strikes, and word of mouth

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