Lex Fridman PodcastGary Marcus: Toward a Hybrid of Deep Learning and Symbolic AI | Lex Fridman Podcast #43
Episode Details
EPISODE INFO
- Released
- October 3, 2019
- Duration
- 1h 25m
- Channel
- Lex Fridman Podcast
- Watch on YouTube
- ▶ Open ↗
EPISODE DESCRIPTION
Gary Marcus is a professor emeritus at NYU, founder of Robust.AI and Geometric Intelligence, the latter is a machine learning company acquired by Uber in 2016. He is the author of several books on natural and artificial intelligence, including his new book Rebooting AI: Building Machines We Can Trust. Gary has been a critical voice highlighting the limits of deep learning and discussing the challenges before the AI community that must be solved in order to achieve artificial general intelligence. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep43-sb See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. *CONTACT LEX:* *Feedback* - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey *AMA* - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama *Hiring* - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring *Other* - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact *OUTLINE:* 0:00 - Introduction 1:37 - Singularity 5:48 - Physical and psychological knowledge 10:52 - Chess 14:32 - Language vs physical world 17:37 - What does AI look like 100 years from now 21:28 - Flaws of the human mind 25:27 - General intelligence 28:25 - Limits of deep learning 44:41 - Expert systems and symbol manipulation 48:37 - Knowledge representation 52:52 - Increasing compute power 56:27 - How human children learn 57:23 - Innate knowledge and learned knowledge 1:06:43 - Good test of intelligence 1:12:32 - Deep learning and symbol manipulation 1:23:35 - Guitar *PODCAST LINKS:*
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SPEAKERS
Lex Fridman
hostGary Marcus
guest
EPISODE SUMMARY
In this episode of Lex Fridman Podcast, featuring Lex Fridman and Gary Marcus, Gary Marcus: Toward a Hybrid of Deep Learning and Symbolic AI | Lex Fridman Podcast #43 explores gary Marcus calls for hybrid AI: deep learning plus symbols Gary Marcus argues that current deep learning systems are powerful but fundamentally limited, especially in common sense, abstraction, language understanding, and flexible reasoning. He contrasts narrow successes in games and perception with the broader, general intelligence humans display across diverse domains. Marcus advocates a hybrid approach that combines symbolic, rule-based reasoning and explicit knowledge with learning-based methods, inspired by human cognition and evolution. He also emphasizes the need for AI systems we can trust, capable of representing concepts like harm and ethics explicitly, and calls for more realistic public expectations and better benchmarks for true understanding.
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