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Why Do Our Backs Hurt? | Dr Stuart McGill

Dr Stuart McGill is a professor emeritus at the University of Waterloo and a world expert in back pain. Dr McGill has worked with some of the best athletes in the world across pretty much every sport you can imagine as a spinal specialist, so if anyone can give us some advice about how to cope with back pain, it's him. On today's episode expect to learn why backs are so problematic, how much of back pain is due to lifestyle choices or training methodology, how much of an impact desk work is having on our spinal health and why recovery from a back injury can be so slow and hard to define. Massive thanks to The Protein Works for sponsoring this episode, check out their full range here - https://bit.ly/TPWChrisWillx Extra Stuff: Buy Dr McGill's Book Back Mechanic - https://amzn.to/2ILv037 Check out Dr McGill's Website - https://www.backfitpro.com T-Nation CrossFit Article - https://www.t-nation.com/training/doctors-view-of-crossfit Follow Dr McGill on Twitter - https://twitter.com/drstuartmcgill (but don't expect a response) Check out everything I recommend from books to products and help support the podcast at no extra cost to you by shopping through this link - https://www.amazon.co.uk/shop/modernwisdom #backpain #rehab #crossfit - Listen to all episodes online. Search "Modern Wisdom" on any Podcast App or click here: iTunes: https://apple.co/2MNqIgw Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2LSimPn Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/modern-wisdom - I want to hear from you!! Get in touch in the comments below or head to... Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/chriswillx Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/chriswillx Email: modernwisdompodcast@gmail.com

Dr Stuart McGillguestChris Williamsonhost
Jun 17, 20191h 24mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. 0:00 – 3:10

    A world-record powerlifter with a “compromised spine”: avoiding triggers to get out of pain

    McGill recounts an extreme case: a strength athlete with severe sacrum/L5 fractures and heavily damaged discs. Instead of starting with imaging, he focuses on the person and pain triggers, then uses movement-pattern retraining to remove the mechanisms driving pain.

    • McGill’s consult order: understand the person → assess pain triggers → then review imaging
    • Severe findings can still improve quickly when triggers are identified and avoided
    • Rebuilding starts with humbling down to basic movement patterns
    • Pain reduction can be rapid even when structural damage looks dramatic
    • The case tees up the philosophy behind “Gift of Injury”
  2. 3:10 – 7:48

    Why “fit” people still get back pain: sitting, underbuilt cores, and mismatched training stress

    Chris asks why spines are so problematic even for health-conscious trainees. McGill attributes it to modern sedentary exposure, underdeveloped spinal robustness relative to demands, and people trying random, untargeted fixes without understanding the mechanism.

    • Many athletic injuries follow predictable “clusters” and patterns
    • Sitting/modern work reduces movement, stiffens hips, and sensitizes backs
    • Trying to ‘erase’ a sedentary day with one hard gym hour can backfire
    • Spines aren’t ball-and-socket joints; tissue adapts differently than people assume
    • A competent assessment provides a roadmap: remove cause + rebuild capacity
  3. 7:48 – 9:45

    Workplace ergonomics myths: there’s no single ‘ideal posture’—the goal is changing positions

    McGill reframes ergonomics as stress management rather than finding perfect posture. He argues the best posture is the one that changes often, and notes many occupations can’t be ‘ergonomically optimized,’ leaving movement skill as the key protective factor.

    • Office setup can reduce stress, but it’s not a complete solution
    • The ‘ideal posture’ is a myth; frequent posture change migrates stress
    • Many jobs (farming, fishing, mining, driving) can’t rely on ergonomics
    • Skillful movement patterns matter more than perfect workstation geometry
    • Ergonomic rules may not apply universally across bodies and tasks
  4. 9:45 – 12:14

    “Move well and move often”: finding the right dose of movement between too little and too much

    Chris asks about cadence—standing desks, walking calls, and frequent movement breaks. McGill supports moving more, but emphasizes an individual ‘tipping point’ where too much movement becomes its own stressor.

    • Guiding principle: “Move well and move often” (but not endlessly)
    • Optimal movement frequency depends on age, injury history, and capacity
    • Every body system thrives on movement—up to a point
    • Too much activity can require recovery just like too little causes stiffness
    • The goal is individualized middle ground, not extreme prescriptions
  5. 12:14 – 15:38

    Diagnosing Chris’s injury: Schmorl’s nodes, endplate fractures, disc height loss, and loaded flexion

    Chris shares MRI findings (bulges at L5/S1 and a Schmorl’s node). McGill explains the biomechanical pathway: heavy loading can fracture the vertebral endplate, reduce disc height, and—combined with repeated loaded flexion—promote collagen delamination and bulging.

    • Schmorl’s nodes are acquired (endplate fractures) from high spinal pressure under load
    • Disc height loss makes the joint ‘sloppy,’ increasing micro-movements
    • Spinal discs behave like layered collagen strands with ground substance—not a hinge/socket
    • Deep flexion under load (e.g., “butt wink”) increases risk after endplate compromise
    • A common sequence: heavy deadlift/overload → repeated loaded flexion → bulge
  6. 15:38 – 22:48

    Why CrossFit gets predicted: mixed adaptations, fatigue-induced form breakdown, and programming trade-offs

    McGill correctly guesses Chris trained CrossFit, then explains why certain injury patterns cluster there. He praises the culture but critiques programming that combines mobility-demanding moves with high-load technical lifts under fatigue, shrinking margin for error and amplifying tissue stress.

    • Injuries cluster by sport due to chronic exposure and adaptation
    • CrossFit mixes mobility work and heavy technical lifting in ways that conflict biologically
    • Fatigue ‘pollutes’ movement skill—especially in Olympic lifts performed for reps
    • Olympic lifters often present with knee/shoulder issues more than low-back issues due to different technique demands
    • Solution theme: keep the community benefits while modifying exposure and exercise selection
  7. 22:48 – 30:39

    Powerlifting vs CrossFit recovery: bone adaptation needs time (and ‘rest days’ must be real)

    McGill contrasts powerlifting’s longer recovery windows with CrossFit’s high-frequency volume. He explains bone’s piezoelectric adaptation process and why repeated loading too soon can break off the very adaptation you’re trying to build.

    • Powerlifters may appear ‘undertrained’ but often schedule recovery wisely
    • Bone adaptation: stress creates charge → attracts ions → scaffolding takes ~5 days
    • Training hard the next day can interrupt bone remodeling and recovery
    • CrossFit ‘active recovery’ can still be cumulative stress, not rest
    • Programming is often the problem—not any single exercise in isolation
  8. 30:39 – 39:16

    MRIs and pain: anatomy vs symptoms, and why context + assessment makes imaging powerful

    Chris describes how seeing his MRI increased rehab compliance, despite claims that imaging doesn’t correlate with pain. McGill argues the issue is not the MRI but the system: radiology reports lack personal/biomechanical context, confusing old scars with active wounds and mislabeling athletic adaptations as disease.

    • MRIs show anatomy accumulated over a lifetime—wounds vs scars aren’t obvious without assessment
    • With a thorough mechanism-based exam, MRI findings often match symptoms closely
    • Radiology reports can misinterpret athletic adaptations (e.g., sclerotic endplates in powerlifters)
    • Imaging can provide psychological clarity and improve adherence when used appropriately
    • McGill critiques context-free reporting and emphasizes ‘see the person first’
  9. 39:16 – 50:00

    Stiffness vs flexibility: why elite athletes are ‘wound springs’ and static stretching can backfire

    McGill rejects the idea of being both a yogi and a world-class powerlifter, using hamstring stiffness and elastic recoil as performance necessities. He explains how many top performers rely on tuned elasticity and neural pulsing, warning that indiscriminate static stretching may reduce athletic ‘spring.’

    • World-class powerlifters require tight hamstrings and elastic tension—non-negotiable at the extreme
    • Great athletes rarely have unlimited mobility; they’re optimized for elastic recoil
    • Static stretching may reduce the very stiffness/elasticity that enables speed and power
    • Different sports select different spinal/pelvic morphologies (sprinters vs fighters)
    • Some targeted stretching has a place, but it must match the athlete’s demands
  10. 50:00 – 58:50

    The McGill Big Three: how they were chosen, how to do them, and why they relieve pain quickly

    McGill explains the lab-and-clinic origins of the Big Three (curl-up, side plank, bird dog): maximize stability with minimal spinal load. He details programming choices like 10-second holds, introduces proximal stiffness for distal athleticism, and explains the ‘residual neural stiffness’ that can produce immediate relief.

    • Selection criteria: guaranteed stability + high reward/low risk (stiffness with minimal load)
    • 10-second holds help avoid excessive muscle acidity and pain escalation
    • Proximal stiffness improves distal performance (punching, cutting, running, serving)
    • Residual neural stiffness can last ~20 minutes to 2 hours after doing the Big Three
    • Practical tip: split sessions twice daily to extend pain-resilient periods
  11. 58:50 – 1:24:24

    Progressing beyond the Big Three: ‘sufficient’ capacity, sport-specific upgrades, and aging considerations

    McGill cautions that progression depends on the person’s goals: many people are ‘done’ with the Big Three if they just want pain-free life function. For higher sport demands he offers examples like ‘stir the pot’ and emphasizes that training should respect recovery, injury history, and age-related priorities like fall resilience.

    • Not everyone needs endless progression; ‘sufficient’ stability/strength can be optimal health
    • For fighters: ‘stir the pot’ can match sport work:rest demands (5 min on/1 min off)
    • Elite success often comes from tolerating discomfort and sticking with the plan
    • Mindset advice differs: some athletes need braking, others need confidence-building
    • As you age, programming shifts toward mobility/stability balance and hip power to prevent falls

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