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Nikhil KamathNikhil Kamath

Ep# 15 | WTF is Climate Change? Nikhil ft. Sunita, Bhumi, Navroz and Mirik

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have surged from 290 ppm in the 1870s to 421 ppm in 2022, exceeding the safe limit of 350 ppm and reaching the highest levels in millions of years. Featuring insights from experts like Sunita Narain, Mirik Gogri, Bhumi Pednekar, and Navroz K Dubash, we explore the impacts of climate change and the implications of a dramatic increase in carbon dioxide levels, as well as the looming threat of a 3-degree temperature rise. We also discuss the opportunities and incentives for building low-carbon economies, the evident trend in energy transition, the importance of net-zero emissions, renewable energy, and much more. We discuss this on both the macro and micro levels, covering everything from tackling climate anxiety to implementing policies at an intergovernmental level for climate change mitigation #Nikhilkamath Co-founder of Zerodha, True Beacon and Gruhas Twitter https://x.com/nikhilkamathcio/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nikhilkamathcio Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nikhilkamathcio/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/nikhilkamathcio #SunitaNarain - Environmentalist Twitter: https://twitter.com/sunitanar LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sunita-narain-22797477/?originalSubdomain=in Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100063519768523 #BhumiPednekar - Actor and Climate Warrior Twitter: https://twitter.com/bhumipednekar Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bhumipednekar/?hl=en Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/bhumipednekar #NavrozKDubash - Researcher Twitter: https://twitter.com/navrozdubash?lang=en LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/in/navroz-dubash-bb2b58151 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ndubash/ #MirikGogri - Technologist LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mirik-gogri-59311333/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mirik.gogri/ Timestamps 00:00 Introduction 00:34 How Navroz went from engineering to Climate Change 6:14 What is the IPCC? 9:25 Mirik on his early days, education and ventures 16:27 How Bhoomi became a Climate Warrior 21:06 Why Sunita started working in the Climate Space 26:47 What Changed in the Climate Space : Then Vs Now 35:25 What do environmentalist think about EV 38:30 What Drives Sunita Today? 40:18 The ‘Shit Story’ : India’s Sewage Story 45:55 What is Climate Change? Simplified 1:01:35 Effects of Politics and Narratives on Climate Change 1:07:00 Incentives of building low carbon economies 1:13:40 Grid Storage : Opportunities For Entrepreneurs 1:07:05 Issues with Indian Electricity Distribution Companies 1:27:27 One thing government can do to make the Power grids better 1:28:42 How to incentivise distribution companies 1:31:20 What is the Relationship between Pre-industrial temperatures and carbon 1:33:50 Why doesn’t bollywood make movies around climate 1:46:22 Why we are focussed on optics more than action 1:49:55 What are Carbon Credits and Offsetting ? 1:52:38 Nikhil Summarises the Episode so far 1:53:10 Mirik’s view on nuclear fission and fusion 2:04:40 Way Forward for Developing Nations 2:05:40 How can a 20-year-old contribute to climate action today? 2:11:45 What are some forums for engaging in climate change discussions? 2:13:47 Can we solve for Climate Change the same way we did for ozone? 2:22:05 Are carbon capture projects the future? 2:31:08 Can Geoengineering Be Effective in Addressing Global Issues? 2:34:45 How Should a Carbon Tax Be Levied? 2:39:40 Relevance of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to meet global climate targets 2:44:18 How effective is veganism in addressing environmental issues? 2:52:08 Advice to Entrepreneur and Government 2:56:00 WTF Fund is Back !

Nikhil KamathhostNavroz K DubashguestBhumi PednekarguestMirik GogriguestSunita Narainguest
Feb 8, 20242h 57mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. Why this episode: making “climate change” understandable for young India

    Nikhil opens by noting that most people have heard the term climate change but struggle to explain it. He frames the conversation for a 16–40 audience and requests minimal jargon so the discussion stays practical and accessible.

  2. Navroz Dubash’s path: from engineering to climate policy and civil-society networks

    Navroz shares how he moved from engineering to politics and environmental movements like Narmada Bachao Andolan. He recounts early work building the Climate Action Network and how equity debates between rich and developing countries began decades ago—and still persist.

  3. What the IPCC is—and why its reports are slow but authoritative

    Navroz explains the IPCC’s structure (science, impacts, responses) and how it compiles existing research rather than producing new science. He describes the intense review process and the political reality of governments approving summaries line-by-line.

  4. Mirik Gogri’s story: startups, industry emissions, and a COP wake-up call

    Mirik recounts his upbringing, education at IIT Bombay, and early product/startup experiments before joining Aarti Industries. He describes his climate turning point—self-learning, then attending COP26—leading to work with dozens of climate-focused organizations.

  5. Bhumi Pednekar: climate anxiety to “Climate Warrior” and using public voice

    Bhumi shares how early exposure (including films) turned climate change from an abstract idea into a personal fear, and how loneliness pushed her to find community. She describes launching Climate Warrior in 2019 and using celebrity reach for youth-focused advocacy and on-ground actions.

  6. Sunita Narain: from Chipko to clean-air wins and the gap between talk and action

    Sunita traces her environmental roots to student activism (Kalpavriksh) and the Chipko movement, highlighting environment as survival and justice, not just conservation. She argues earlier decades had more courage, while today there’s more “optics” than implementation, despite the urgency.

  7. EVs in India: air-quality imperative, supply chains, and hidden emissions via trade

    The group discusses electric vehicles as necessary, especially for urban air pollution, while noting trade and mineral supply chains complicate the story. Sunita links globalization (WTO era) to emissions outsourcing—consumption-based emissions tell a different truth than production-based counts.

  8. The “Shit Story”: sewage, decentralized sanitation, and reuse as climate-adjacent systems change

    Sunita explains how urban water pollution is inseparable from excreta management and why many Indian cities lack effective sewer systems. She highlights a shift toward decentralized fecal sludge management with tracking, treatment, and reuse—an example of scalable, practical environmental governance.

  9. Defining climate change—science, lived impacts, and a social-political reality

    Each guest offers a simple definition: climate change is rapid warming and related system shifts faster than nature and society can adapt, driven by greenhouse gases. Discussion covers evidence (ice cores, models, attribution science) and reframes climate change as a transformation challenge for economies and governance, not just a scientific concept.

  10. Politics, denial, and narratives: why action is hard and backlash is growing

    They explore why climate denial and political resistance can win elections: adjustment costs, migration pressures, and geopolitical competition. A counter-theme emerges: low-carbon transitions are also becoming an economic opportunity race, but risks deepening global inequality if finance and technology don’t reach poorer regions.

  11. Low-carbon economies in practice: grid storage, DISCOM dysfunction, and planning for decentralization

    Conversation shifts to electricity as the core lever: renewables are cheaper, but storage and distribution incentives are bottlenecks. Navroz explains DISCOM problems—political pricing, theft, poor service loops—and argues planning must evolve from centralized coal-like thinking to service-based, decentralized models (e.g., solar agriculture pumps).

  12. Carbon credits and offsetting: why “net zero” can become glib and fraudulent without rules

    Sunita argues voluntary carbon markets often fail integrity tests and can enable greenwashing—cheap credits, questionable additionality, and weak verification. The group agrees that markets could help mobilize money, but only with strong regulation; otherwise, offsets distract from real emissions cuts.

  13. Nuclear (fission/fusion) debate and alternative “under-our-nose” solutions

    Mirik argues modern fission (SMRs, Gen IV, thorium pathways) can be a serious tool; fusion may help post-2050 but not the near-term carbon budget. Navroz and Sunita question nuclear’s scalability and timelines in India, and Sunita highlights near-term scalable wins like converting segregated municipal organic waste into compressed biogas for buses.

  14. Geoengineering, carbon tax, global governance, and personal actions that matter (without false hope)

    They discuss geoengineering cautiously—research may be needed, but deployment risks are extreme and governance is weak. Carbon pricing is debated alongside trade tools (CBAM) and the tension between cooperation and national self-interest; the episode closes with advice for governments and entrepreneurs, plus ways youth can engage via webinars, meetups, and climate communities.

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