Joseph Henrich — Humans defeated smarter species with cultural evolution

Humans have *not* succeeded because of our raw intelligence. Marooned European explorers regularly starved to death in areas where foragers thrived for 1000s of years. I’ve always found this cultural evolution deeply mysterious. How do you discover the 10 steps for processing cassava so it won’t give you cyanide poisoning simply by trial and error? Has the human brain declined in size over the last 10,000 years because we outsourced cultural evolution to a larger collective brain? The most interesting part of the podcast is Henrich’s explanation of how the Catholic Church unintentionally instigated the Industrial Revolution through the dismantling of intensive kinship systems in medieval Europe. 𝐄𝐏𝐈𝐒𝐎𝐃𝐄 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 * Transcript: https://www.dwarkesh.com/p/joseph-henrich * Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/joseph-henrich-why-humans-survived-and-smarter/id1516093381?i=1000698914456 * Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/12zpiPQGJA215PJcDtNTjr?si=02bbf27382d24df5 𝐒𝐏𝐎𝐍𝐒𝐎𝐑𝐒 * Scale partners with major AI labs like Meta, Google Deepmind, and OpenAI. Through Scale’s Data Foundry, labs get access to high-quality data to fuel post-training, including advanced reasoning capabilities. If you’re an AI researcher or engineer, learn about how Scale’s Data Foundry and research lab, SEAL, can help you go beyond the current frontier at https://scale.com/dwarkesh To sponsor a future episode, visit https://www.dwarkesh.com/p/advertise 𝐉𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐏𝐇'𝐒 𝐁𝐎𝐎𝐊𝐒 * The WEIRDest People in the World: https://www.amazon.com/WEIRDest-People-World-Psychologically-Particularly/dp/0374173222 * The Secret of Our Success: https://www.amazon.com/Secret-Our-Success-Evolution-Domesticating/dp/0691166854 𝐓𝐈𝐌𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐌𝐏𝐒 00:00:00 - Humans didn’t succeed because of raw IQ 00:10:13 - How cultural evolution works 00:21:34 - Why is brain size declining? 00:32:46 - Will AGI have superhuman cultural learning? 00:43:20 - Why Industrial Revolution happened in Europe 00:56:16 - Why China, Rome, India got left behind 01:21:55 - Loss of cultural variance in modern world 01:32:06 - Is individual genius real? 01:44:35 - IQ and collective brains