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Control Stress for Healthy Eating, Metabolism & Aging | Dr. Elissa Epel

In this episode my guest is Elissa Epel, Ph.D., professor and vice chair of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and the author of a new book entitled “The Stress Prescription.” We discuss her work showing how stress impacts mood, eating behavior, mental health, physical health and aging. She explains stress intervention tools using “top-down” techniques (e.g., radical acceptance, mindfulness, reframing) and body-based methods (e.g., breathwork, including the Wim Hof Method), as well as exercise, meditation, body scans and environmental shifts proven to help people cease unhealthy rumination patterns. We discuss how stress can positively impact psychology and sense of purpose, how stress affects cellular aging, how our narratives of stressful events impact our mood and biology and how to effectively reframe stress. She explains science-based techniques to break stress-induced cycles of craving and overeating and thereby improve insulin sensitivity and metabolic health. Dr. Epel provides a wide range of tools shown to be effective in reducing stress and improving various aspects of our health. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman Thesis: https://takethesis.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman HVMN: https://hvmn.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://www.insidetracker.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Social & Website Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Twitter: https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman Website: https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter: https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network Dr. Elissa Epel UCSF profile: https://profiles.ucsf.edu/elissa.epel Personal website: https://www.elissaepel.com Lab Website (Aging, Metabolism & Emotion Center): https://amecenter.ucsf.edu Twitter: https://twitter.com/dr_epel Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/elissa.epel LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/elissa-epel Articles The geroscience agenda: Toxic stress, hormetic stress, and the rate of aging: https://bit.ly/3nAgNhD THE IMPACT OF MEANINGFUL VOLUNTEER ENGAGEMENT IN AGING ADULTS: THE BALTIMORE EXPERIENCE CORPS TRIAL: https://bit.ly/3KpyJoa Potential role for adult neurogenesis in the encoding of time in new memories: https://go.nature.com/3U0gwkl The mindful moms training: development of a mindfulness-based intervention to reduce stress and overeating during pregnancy: https://bit.ly/3ZzueM3 Can Meditation Slow Rate of Cellular Aging? Cognitive Stress, Mindfulness, and Telomeres: https://bit.ly/3K4iF9Z A Mitochondrial Health Index Sensitive to Mood and Caregiving Stress: https://bit.ly/3nKMeWo Embodying Psychological Thriving: Physical Thriving in Response to Stress: https://bit.ly/3zrBnn5 Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal: https://bit.ly/3wEvGRf Stress and telomere shortening: Insights from cellular mechanisms: https://bit.ly/40WYFwD Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus: https://go.nature.com/3GdG7At Impact of the Baltimore Experience Corps Trial on cortical and hippocampal volumes: https://bit.ly/3ZBoCkB Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Distress, Weight Gain, and Glucose Control for Pregnant Low-Income Women: A Quasi-Experimental Trial Using the ORBIT Model: https://bit.ly/3U6UBb7 Books The Telomere Effect: A Revolutionary Approach to Living Younger, Healthier, Longer: https://amzn.to/3m2dHTa The Stress Prescription: Seven Days to More Joy and Ease (The Seven Days Series): https://amzn.to/3m4zERB Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Elissa Epel 00:02:17 Sponsors: Thesis, Eight Sleep, HVMN, Momentous 00:06:18 Stress; Effects on Body & Mind 00:12:50 Tools: Overthinking & Stress 00:15:37 Acute, Moderate & Chronic Stress, Breathing 00:21:23 Stress Benefits, Aging & Cognition; Stress Challenge Response 00:31:04 Sponsor: AG-1 (Athletic Greens) 00:32:19 Tool: Shifting Stress to Challenge Response, “Stress Shields” 00:37:40 Stress, Overeating, Craving & Opioid System 00:48:55 Tools: Breaking Overeating Cycles, Mindfulness 00:54:44 Soda & Sugary Drinks 01:00:51 Smoking, Processed Food & Rebellion 01:05:29 Sponsor: InsideTracker 01:06:47 Tools: Mindfulness, Pregnancy & Metabolic Health 01:14:11 Body Scan & Cravings 01:17:28 Tool: Meditation & Aging; Meditation Retreats 01:23:35 Meditation, Psychedelics & Neuroplasticity 01:26:02 Mitochondrial Health, Stress & Mood 01:29:49 Chronic Stress & Radical Acceptance, “Brick Wall” 01:37:57 Tool: Control, Uncertainty 01:45:25 Stress Management, “Skillful Surfing” 01:50:25 Narrative, Purpose & Stress 01:52:49 Breathwork, Wim Hof Method, Positivity & Cellular Aging 02:03:11 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer: https://hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Andrew HubermanhostElissa Epelguest
Apr 2, 20232h 5mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

Harness Stress To Slow Aging, Improve Metabolism, and Stop Overeating

  1. Andrew Huberman and psychiatrist Elissa Epel explore how different types of stress—acute, chronic, good, and bad—shape our biology, behavior, and rate of aging, down to telomeres and mitochondria. They emphasize that stress itself is not the problem; our responses, mindsets, and daily recovery practices determine whether stress harms or strengthens us.
  2. Epel explains how thoughts and rumination are the most common modern stressors and details practical tools in three categories: top‑down cognitive reframing, bottom‑up body-based practices (breathwork, movement, interoceptive training), and environmental/situational changes. She shows that moderate, well-managed stress can actually promote “stress fitness,” better cognition, and optimal aging.
  3. A major focus is stress-related eating and metabolic health: why some people stop eating under stress while others binge, how sugary drinks and processed foods hijack the brain’s reward and opioid systems, and how mindful eating, environmental design, and brief practices like body scans can reduce cravings and protect metabolic health.
  4. They also discuss promising findings from long-term mindfulness during pregnancy, telomere and mitochondrial research, and ongoing work comparing high-arousal (Wim Hof breathing, HIIT) versus low-arousal (mindfulness, slow breathing) interventions—showing multiple physiological paths to lower anxiety, depression, and improved emotional resilience.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Distinguish Stressors From Your Stress Response

Stress isn’t simply “what happens to you”; it’s the combination of external demands and your internal response. Two people can face the same event yet show radically different physiological profiles—one in a high-threat state (vasoconstriction, inflammation, elevated cortisol), another in a challenge state (higher cardiac output, better blood flow to the brain, less inflammation). Training yourself to notice, label, and work with your response—rather than trying to eliminate all stressors—is central to long-term health.

Use Mindset Shifts To Turn Threat Into Challenge

Simple but believable self-statements can reframe a stressor from a survival threat to a manageable challenge, changing hemodynamics and downstream biology. Examples include: listing your resources (“I’ve handled things like this before,” “I have people I can call”), distancing in time (“Will this matter in 5–10 years?”), and normalizing your body’s reaction (“My heart is racing because my body is helping me cope; this energy is useful”). These ‘stress shields’ reduce inflammation, are associated with longer telomeres, and lead to quicker recovery after stress.

Interrupt Rumination With Three Tool Categories

Epel groups anti-rumination tools into: (1) top‑down strategies (awareness, self‑talk, reappraisal, self‑compassion); (2) body‑to‑mind strategies (breathwork, exercise, walks, yoga, body scan) that quickly modulate the autonomic nervous system and amygdala; and (3) scene-changing strategies (leaving the triggering environment, building ‘safety signal’ spaces with photos, pets, scents, or music). Combining these, rather than relying on one, is most effective for getting out of “red mind” and chronic thought loops.

Target Stress‑Driven Eating With Awareness and Environment Design

Roughly half of people with obesity exhibit a stress‑eating, compulsive ‘reward drive’ phenotype: they crave high‑fat, high‑sugar, high‑salt foods under stress, feel less satiated, and think about food frequently. For these individuals, mindful eating practices (hunger/emotion check-ins before eating, slowing down, interoceptive awareness, savoring small portions of rewarding foods) plus environmental design (removing soda and ultra‑processed snacks, changing the route away from buffets, stocking healthy options) are more effective than simple calorie advice. High‑intensity exercise and other ‘positive stress’ practices also appear to reduce cravings.

Eliminate Sugary Drinks; They Behave Like a Fast-Acting Drug

Liquid sugar spikes hit the brain and metabolism faster and more intensely than solid sugary foods, making them particularly harmful and addiction‑like (akin to crack vs. cocaine in speed of brain delivery). Removing sugary drinks from UCSF hospital campuses led heavy soda drinkers to lose waist fat and improve health. However, those with strong compulsive eating tendencies needed additional motivational support. For most people, replacing sugary drinks with water, coffee/tea without sugar, or other non‑caloric options is one of the highest‑impact, lowest‑friction interventions.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

Our thoughts are the most common form of stress.

Elissa Epel

It’s not the stressors or what happens to us, but really how we respond—the stress response.

Elissa Epel

Having no stress means we’re not really living… we’re not engaging in the gifts of life, which inevitably have some challenge and risk.

Elissa Epel

Sugary drinks are like crack compared to cocaine—liquid sugar goes to the brain immediately and is that much more addictive.

Elissa Epel

We can’t reduce stress with a drug. We desperately need to learn how to use the whole range of the nervous system—from acute stress to deep relaxation—to heal and to promote healthy, resilient states.

Elissa Epel

Definitions and types of stress (acute vs. chronic, good vs. bad, threat vs. challenge)Cognitive patterns, rumination, and mindsets that amplify or transform stressStress, eating behavior, obesity, and the brain’s reward/opioid and metabolic systemsSugar, sugary drinks, processed foods, and public health/environmental influencesMindfulness, meditation, and body-based practices (breathwork, movement, body scan)Biomarkers of aging and stress: telomeres, telomerase, mitochondria, gene expressionChronic, non‑resolvable stressors, radical acceptance, and uncertainty tolerance

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