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Healthy Eating & Eating Disorders - Anorexia, Bulimia, Binging

In this episode, I discuss what drives hunger and satiety, and the role our brain, stomach, fat and hormones play in regulating hunger and turning off the desire to eat more. I also address how protein is assimilated better early in the day than it is later in the day, and why those using intermittent fasting might want to shift their feeding window to earlier in the day. Then I delve into the topic of disorders of eating: Anorexia Nervosa, where people starve themselves and Bulimia Nervosa where people binge and purge their food. I discuss some common myths about Anorexia such as the role of media images increasing the rates of anorexia and the myth of the "perfectionist" anorexic. I also review the symptoms, and the brain and chemical systems disrupted in this condition. I explain how anorexics become hyperaware of the fat content of foods and develop reflexive habits of fat-hyperawareness. Then I discuss the most effective treatments ranging from family-based models to those that target the habitual nature of low-fat/calorie food choices. I also discuss new more experimental clinical trials on MDMA, Psilocybin and Ibogaine for Anorexia, and both their promise and risks. I review the latest work on binge eating disorder and brain stimulation, drug treatments and thyroid disruption in Bulimia and why the treatments for Bulimia are so similar to those for ADHD. Finally, I discuss "cheat days," body dysmorphia and the growing list of novel forms of eating disorders start to finish. As always, science and science-based tools are discussed. Thank you to our sponsors: Headspace - https://www.headspace.com/specialoffer Athletic Greens - https://www.athleticgreens.com/huberman Support Research in Huberman Lab at Stanford: https://hubermanlab.stanford.edu/giving Our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/andrewhuberman Supplements from Thorne: http://www.thorne.com/u/huberman Social: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Twitter - https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab Website - https://hubermanlab.com Join Newsletter - https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network Links: Ingesting Protein in the Morning Supports Muscle Maintenance & Growth: https://bit.ly/3DPlms7 Studies Using Virtual Reality to Explore Eating & Hunger & Body Image: https://bit.ly/3BGaDya https://bit.ly/2WWGRq8 Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introduction: Fasting, & Defining Healthy Eating 00:08:55 Morning Protein Is Important 00:22:04 Sponsors 00:26:29 Defining & Diagnosing Eating Disorders 00:29:00 Anorexia Nervosa (Overview & Myths) 00:33:44 Bulimia (Overview & Myths) 00:37:35 Binge Eating Disorders, EDNOS, OSFEDS, Pica 00:39:44 What is Hunger? What is Satiety? 00:42:00 Neuronal & Hormonal “Accelerators & Brakes” on Eating 00:46:17 Fat, Leptin & Fertility & Metabolic Dysfunctions in Obesity 00:50:30 Why We Overeat 00:55:30 Homeostasis & Reward Systems/Decisions 00:59:58 Anorexia 01:04:28 The Cholesterol Paradox 01:06:13 Psychological vs. Biological/Genetic Factors in Anorexia 01:09:44 Chemical Imbalances, Serotonergic Treatments 01:12:56 Altered Habits & Rewards in Anorexia: Hyperacuity for Fat Content 01:18:28 Brain Areas for Reward Based Decision Making vs. Habits 01:24:06 Habit-Reward Circuits Are Flipped in Anorexics: Reward for Deprivation 01:28:30 How Do You Break a Habit? 01:33:23 Family Based Models, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 01:35:39 MDMA, Psilocybin, Clinical Trials, Ibogaine 01:40:35 Anabolic vs. Catabolic Exercise, Spontaneous Movements, NEAT 01:43:23 Distorted Self Image in Anorexia 01:47:54 Bulimia & Binge-Eating, “Cheat Days”, Thyroid Hormone 01:53:05 Inhibitory Control, Impulsivity, Adderall, Wellbutrin 01:58:00 Direct Brain Stimulation: Nucleus Accumbens 02:04:28 Anorexia/Reward. vs Bulimia/Binging 02:05:45 Healthy Eating Revisited 02:10:55 Synthesis, Body Dysmorphias 02:14:15 Support: Podcast, & Research Studies Please note that The Huberman Lab Podcast is distinct from Dr. Huberman's teaching and research roles at Stanford University School of Medicine. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Huberman Lab Podcast, its employees, guests and affiliates assume no liability for the application of the information discussed. Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com

Andrew Hubermanhost
Sep 5, 20212h 16mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

Decoding Healthy Eating, Anorexia, Bulimia, and Binge Disorders Scientifically

  1. Andrew Huberman explores the neuroscience and physiology of healthy eating alongside major eating disorders, focusing on anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. He explains how hunger and satiety arise from mechanical and chemical signals between body and brain, and why no single ‘best’ diet or feeding window exists. A key message is that these disorders are not simply issues of willpower or vanity, but reflect specific disruptions in homeostatic, reward, and habit circuits. Huberman also reviews emerging treatments—from habit-focused cognitive approaches to drugs and deep brain stimulation—and emphasizes the power of ‘knowledge of knowledge’ to help reshape behavior.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Timing of Protein Early in the Day Enhances Muscle Maintenance

Mouse and human data (women, with prior work in men) show that ingesting high-quality protein—especially leucine-rich sources—between roughly 5–10 a.m. leads to greater muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy than skewing protein intake later in the day. This effect depends on circadian clock genes like BMAL in muscle, which prime muscle cells for protein incorporation early in the active phase. For anyone concerned with preserving or building muscle (including aging populations), arranging at least one substantial protein-rich meal early in the day is likely beneficial, regardless of whether they practice intermittent fasting.

Total Calories Still Dominate Over Feeding Pattern for Weight Change

Despite enthusiasm for intermittent fasting, Huberman emphasizes that weight loss, gain, or maintenance fundamentally hinges on calories consumed versus calories burned (exercise plus basal metabolic rate). Intermittent fasting can help some people simply because many find it easier to not eat for blocks of time than to control portion size. However, no robust evidence shows that a morning-feeding or evening-feeding window is universally superior for weight or overall health; lifestyle, family patterns, and adherence matter more than any single protocol.

No One Can Define a Single ‘Healthy’ Way to Eat for Everyone

Huberman argues that neither governments, nutritionists, nor experts can prescribe a universally correct diet or feeding window. The only objective anchors we have are measurable outcomes—liver enzymes, blood lipids, body weight and composition, performance, mood, and subjective wellbeing—filtered through culture, values, and individual biology. This uncertainty partly explains why online nutrition advice is so contradictory and why self-experimentation, guided by objective markers and personal goals, is necessary.

Anorexia Is Largely Habit- and Circuit-Driven, Not Just ‘Perfectionism’

Contrary to common myths, anorexia nervosa has existed for centuries and its prevalence has not climbed in parallel with modern media imagery. It is highly lethal and strongly biological: anorexics develop hyper-precise, largely unconscious habits around avoiding high-fat, high-calorie foods and gravitating toward very low-calorie options. Neuroimaging shows that circuits involved in habit (dorsolateral striatum) and reward become wired so that starvation-like behaviors are internally rewarded. Effective therapies target habit recognition and rewiring (via cognitive behavioral and family-based approaches), rather than simply urging weight gain or blaming social pressures.

Bulimia and Binge Eating Disorder Center on Impulsivity and Lost ‘Brake’

Bulimia (bingeing followed by purging) and binge eating disorder (bingeing without purging) feature massive caloric intake over short windows, despite strong physiological ‘stop’ signals. These individuals often have broader impulsivity issues—difficulty with inhibitory control in multiple domains. Here, prefrontal ‘top-down’ control and nucleus accumbens reward circuitry are dysregulated: food becomes hyper-rewarding, and inhibitory systems fail. Treatments often combine serotonergic antidepressants and dopaminergic/noradrenergic agents (e.g., SSRIs, Wellbutrin, ADHD meds) with behavioral therapies, and experimental deep brain stimulation that targets specific oscillations in the nucleus accumbens shows promise for severe binge eating.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

Nobody knows what truly healthy eating is. We only know the measurements we can take—liver enzymes, blood lipid profiles, body weight, performance, and how we feel.

Andrew Huberman

Anorexia nervosa is the most dangerous psychiatric disorder of all, even more than depression.

Andrew Huberman

From an evolutionary standpoint, it makes sense that we should eat as often as we can, as much as we can, and as fast as we can.

Andrew Huberman (relaying Casey Halpern)

The beauty of being a human being is that knowledge of knowledge can allow you to make better decisions.

Andrew Huberman

For the anorexic, what should be punished—starvation—is now rewarded.

Andrew Huberman

Intermittent fasting and timing of protein intake for muscle maintenanceBiology of hunger, satiety, and body–brain communicationAnorexia nervosa: mechanisms, myths, and habit-based treatmentBulimia and binge eating disorder: impulsivity, reward circuits, and therapiesRole of circadian clocks and the BMAL gene in muscle protein synthesisNeural circuitry of decision-making, habits, and homeostatic controlPerception, body image distortion, and body dysmorphia in eating disorders

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