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How to Lose Fat with Science-Based Tools

This episode I describe the science of fat loss, including how fat is mobilized and oxidized (burned) and how to increase fat burning by leveraging the nervous system. Most people don't realize it, but our neurons connect to our fat and release epinephrine/adrenaline to facilitate fat oxidation. I explain how this can be accomplished with non-exercise movements such as fidgeting to burn thousands of calories of fat a day-- a practice is rarely discussed but very well supported by the science literature. I also discuss an optimal fat loss protocol using cold to create shiver, and how specific types and timing of exercise impact fat loss. I discuss if exercising fasted indeed increases fat oxidation-- it turns out the type and duration of exercise really matters. And I discuss the use of caffeine, GLP1 from Mate or guayusa and emerging new prescription compounds for fat loss. The episode includes a lot of tools, links to cost-free resources and explanation of the science underlying each tool for fat loss. #HubermanLab #FatLoss #Science Thank you to our sponsors: InsideTracker - http://insidetracker.com/huberman ExpressVPN - http://expressvpn.com/huberman Athletic Greens - http://athleticgreens.com/huberman Cold Protocols via The Cold Plunge: https://thecoldplunge.com/pages/protocols Our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/andrewhuberman Supplements from Thorne: http://www.thorne.com/u/huberman Social: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Twitter - https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab/ Website - https://hubermanlab.com Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introduction 00:06:00 Fat Loss: The Key Role of Neurons 00:08:44 The First Law of Fat Loss 00:11:00 Neurons Connect To Fat! (& That Really Matters) 00:13:38 5 Pillars of Metabolism: Sleep, Essential Fatty Acids, Glutamine, Microbiome, Thyroid 00:19:20 Mindset Truly Matters: Amazing Examples of Beliefs on Fat Loss 00:23:08 Our Brain Talks To Our Fat 00:25:00 The Most Incredible & Dangerous Fat Loss Agent 00:27:28 Losing Fat Is a Two-Part Process: Mobilization and Oxidation 00:32:25 The Critical Role of Adrenaline/Epinephrine, But NOT from Adrenal Glands 00:34:45 Fidgeting & Shivering: A Powerful Science-Supported Method For Fat Loss 00:41:24 How Fidgeting Works: Promotes Epinephrine Release into Fat. “N-E-A-T” 00:44:55 Two Ways of Using Shivering To Accelerate Fat Loss 00:47:30 White, Brown & Beige Fat; & Using Cold-Induced Shiver To Burn Fat 00:50:25 How To Use Cold Properly To Stimulate Fat Loss: Succinate Release Is Key/Shiver 00:52:26 Exact Protocols: (1-5X per week); Don’t Adapt! Submerge and Exit “Sets & Reps” 00:56:15 thecoldplunge.com see “protocols” tab Cold-Shiver-Fat-Loss Tool (cost free) 00:58:03 If Fat-Loss Is Your Goal, Avoid Cold Adaptation: Remember Polar Bear Swimmers 00:58:17 Irisin: Underwhelming; Succinate Is The Real Deal 01:00:00 Brown Fat, Why Babies Can’t Shiver and Becoming a Hotter Furnace, Adding Heat 01:01:55 Ice On Back of The Neck, Cold Underpants: Not A Great Idea For Fat Loss 01:04:00 A Key Paper For the Aficionados: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826518/ 01:05:00 Spot Reduction: There May Be Hope After All. Targeting Specific Fat Pads. 01:09:20 Exercising For Fat Loss: What Is Best? High Intensity, Sprinting, Moderate Intensity? 01:13:30 Exercising Fasted: Does It Truly Accelerate Fat Loss/Oxidation. 01:16:30 The 90 Minute Rule: After 90 Minutes, The Fasted Exercisers Start To Burn More Fat 01:18:15 If High-Intensity Training Is Done First, The Benefits of Fasting Arrive Before 90min. 01:22:44 Post-Exercise Metabolic Increases: How To Bias This Toward Fat Oxidation 01:26:05 A Protocol For Exercise-Induced Fat Loss; Adrenalin Is The Effector 01:28:50 Supplements/Compounds For Fat Loss Part: Caffeine Fidgeting, & Caffeine Adaptation 01:34:30 Ephedrine, Fenfluramine: Removed From Market Due to Safety Concerns 01:35:22 GLP1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide 1), Yerba Mate, Guayusa Tea, Semaglutide 01:40:30 Berberine, Metformin: Glucose/Insulin Reduction, Increase Fat Oxidation: But Caution 01:41:28 Gardner Lab Results: What You Eat May Not Matter, But Adherence Is Key Tool 01:43:00 examine.com & Enter “Yerba Mate”: Lowers Heart Rate Even Though Is a Stimulant 01:44:35 Acetly-L-Carnitine: Facilitates Fat Oxidation 01:48:00 Summary List of Tools & How Nervous System Controls Fat Loss 01:51:20 Cost Free & Other Ways To Support Our Podcast, Making Sure We See Feedback Please note that The Huberman Lab Podcast is distinct from Dr. Huberman's teaching and research roles at Stanford University School of Medicine. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Huberman Lab Podcast, its employees, guests and affiliates assume no liability for the application of the information discussed. Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com

Andrew Hubermanhost
May 23, 20211h 53mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

Science-Backed Strategies To Burn Fat: Harnessing Neurons, Cold, Movement, Diet

  1. Andrew Huberman explains how the nervous system directly controls fat mobilization and oxidation, reframing fat loss beyond simple ‘calories in versus calories out.’ He highlights the role of sympathetic neurons, adrenaline, brown and beige fat, and thermogenesis in determining how much fat we actually burn. Practical tools include deliberate fidgeting (NEAT), shiver-inducing cold exposure, specific sequencing and intensity of exercise, and targeted use of compounds like caffeine, yerba mate (GLP-1), and L‑carnitine. He also stresses foundational health factors—sleep, essential fatty acids, gut health, thyroid support—and mindset effects as prerequisites for effective, sustainable fat loss.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Fat loss is a two-step process: mobilize, then oxidize.

To reduce body fat, stored triglycerides must first be broken apart and released from fat cells (mobilization), then transported into mitochondria and converted to ATP (oxidation). If fatty acids are mobilized but not oxidized, they can be re-esterified back into fat. Both steps are heavily regulated by the nervous system via sympathetic neurons that release adrenaline directly onto fat tissue.

Sympathetic neurons, not just circulating hormones, are the key drivers of fat burning.

Contrary to older views that adrenal gland–released adrenaline in the bloodstream is the main driver, Huberman explains that local sympathetic nerve fibers innervating white, beige, and brown fat release epinephrine directly at the fat pad. This local signaling strongly governs how much fat is mobilized and burned, which means behaviors that selectively increase sympathetic neural activity (shiver, NEAT, intense exercise) can meaningfully increase fat loss.

Fidgeting and micro-movements (NEAT) can burn 800–2,500 extra calories per day.

Research on ‘fidgeters’ shows that people who constantly move—bouncing knees, pacing, frequent sit-stand transitions, head nodding, small limb movements—burn vastly more calories than more sedentary individuals, even when formal exercise and food intake are matched. This non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) triggers adrenaline release in fat and increases both mobilization and oxidation, making deliberate low-level movement a powerful, underused lever for fat loss.

Shiver-inducing cold exposure amplifies brown fat thermogenesis via succinate.

Cold exposure that leads to genuine shivering stimulates succinate release from muscles, which in turn activates brown fat and converts beige fat into more metabolically active brown fat. Huberman emphasizes cycling in and out of cold (e.g., short bouts in cold water or showers until shiver starts, briefly out without drying off, then back in) several times per session, 1–5 times per week, rather than long steady immersions, to maximize shiver, succinate, and fat-burning effects while avoiding full cold adaptation.

Exercise intensity, sequence, and feeding state strongly shape fat oxidation.

Moderate-intensity continuous exercise (zone 2) must typically pass ~90 minutes before shifting heavily to fat as fuel, and this shift is stronger if done fasted. High- or very-high-intensity work (HIIT/SIT, heavy lifting, sprints) rapidly depletes glycogen and elevates adrenaline, leading to greater post-exercise fat oxidation for up to 24 hours. Performing intense work first (especially fasted), then moving to moderate/low-intensity cardio, optimizes total fat burned per unit time.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

You’ve got to mobilize the fat, then you have to oxidize it. If you just mobilize it and don’t convert it into energy, it can be returned to body fat.

Andrew Huberman

Your body fat is actually innervated by neurons. Neurons connect to your body fat and can change the probability that that body fat will be burned or not.

Andrew Huberman

Simply moving around a lot, even if those are subtle movements, greatly increases the amount of energy that you burn… fidgeters burn anywhere from 800 to 2,500 calories more per day.

Andrew Huberman

If you resist the shiver, you are not going to get the increased metabolic effect, because you are not going to get the succinate release.

Andrew Huberman

Somewhere between hardcore metabolic science and belief effects lies a bunch of protocols grounded in quality science that you can leverage to increase the rates of fat loss.

Andrew Huberman

Nervous system control of fat mobilization and oxidationNon-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) and fidgetingCold exposure, shivering, brown and beige fat thermogenesisExercise intensity, fasting, and sequencing for fat lossHormones, insulin, GLP‑1, and dietary patterns in fat burningCompounds and supplements: caffeine, yerba mate, GLP‑1 drugs, L‑carnitineFoundational health factors: sleep, essential fatty acids, gut and thyroid

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