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How to Use Exercise to Improve Your Brain’s Health, Longevity & Performance

In this episode, I discuss how different forms of exercise impact brain health and performance in both the short and long term. I explain how many of the positive effects of exercise on brain function occur through the action of specific neurochemicals that increase alertness. I also cover how to best time exercise and which specific types of exercise to include in your weekly routine to maximize benefits for your brain. Additionally, I explain how certain types of exercise trigger the release of a hormone from your bones called osteocalcin, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Together, these substances increase neuroplasticity and enhance learning. The positive effects of exercise on brain oxygenation, blood supply, and fuel utilization are also discussed. Listeners will learn how to design a weekly exercise program that optimizes physical fitness, brain health, longevity, and performance, along with the mechanistic logic behind those recommendations. Find show notes with articles, resources and more: https://go.hubermanlab.com/MNDX54b Pre-order Andrew's upcoming book, Protocols: https://go.hubermanlab.com/protocols *Thank you to our sponsors* AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Maui Nui: https://mauinui.com/huberman *Follow Huberman Lab* Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Threads: https://www.threads.net/@hubermanlab X: https://x.com/hubermanlab Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman Website: https://www.hubermanlab.com Newsletter: https://www.hubermanlab.com/newsletter *More Huberman Lab* Huberman Lab Premium: https://go.hubermanlab.com/premium Huberman Lab Merch: https://go.hubermanlab.com/merch *Timestamps* 00:00:00 Exercise, Brain Health & Performance; Protocols Book 00:04:03 Sponsors: BetterHelp & Helix Sleep 00:06:55 Brain Health, Cardiovascular & Resistance Training 00:11:51 Exercise & Positive Impact on Brain Performance; Arousal 00:18:20 Learning & Arousal 00:23:18 Sponsors: AG1 & David 00:26:01 Exercise & Acute Learning 00:29:16 Tool: High-Intensity Training & Cognitive Flexibility; Over-Training 00:33:32 Long-Term Brain Health; Tool: Exercise “Snacks”, Cognitive Performance 00:36:57 Exercise, Brain & Body Energy, Adrenaline, Norepinephrine 00:44:08 Adrenal “Burnout”?; Exercise to Increase Energy, Adrenaline 00:48:20 Tool: Core, Compound Movements; Mind-Body Connection 00:53:58 Sponsor: Function 00:55:45 Bones, Osteocalcin, BDNF & Hippocampus; Tool: Jump Training 01:01:30 Exercise, Fuel, Multifactorial Pathways; BDNF & Activity 01:05:06 Lactate, Astrocytes & Brain Function; VEGF & Brain Health 01:11:17 Tools: Zone 2, High-Intensity Training, Time Under Tension Training 01:19:54 Sponsor: Maui Nui 01:21:37 Tools: Time Under Tension; Explosive Jumping, Eccentric Control Training 01:25:30 Injury & Exercise, Illness 01:28:09 Sleep; Injury, Sleep-Deprivation & Exercise 01:33:51 SuperAgers, Anterior Mid-Cingulate Cortex, Grit & Persistence 01:42:04 Tool: Embrace Challenges; Deliberate Cold Exposure, Rope Flow 01:47:39 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter #HubermanLab #Science #Exercise Disclaimer & Disclosures: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Andrew Hubermanhost
Jan 5, 20251h 49mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

Harness Exercise To Supercharge Learning, Memory, Sleep, And Longevity

  1. Andrew Huberman explains how different types of exercise—cardio, resistance training, sprints, and impact work—directly enhance brain health, learning, memory, and cognitive longevity.
  2. He argues that 60–70% of exercise’s acute brain benefits are mediated by increased autonomic arousal (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine) and cerebral blood flow, which sharpen focus and memory before, during, or after learning.
  3. Over the long term, exercise drives structural and molecular brain changes, including BDNF, osteocalcin from bones, lactate signaling, and improved blood–brain barrier integrity, all of which slow age-related decline.
  4. Huberman outlines a weekly framework of four core exercise types, plus a fifth ‘do-what-you-dread’ category to build the anterior mid-cingulate cortex, a key hub of grit and willpower strongly associated with ‘SuperAger’ brains.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Use exercise strategically around learning to enhance memory and performance.

Elevated autonomic arousal improves encoding and consolidation of information when it occurs before, during, or after learning. Short intense bouts (e.g., six 6‑second all‑out sprints with 1‑minute rest) or 20–30 minutes of steady-state cardio both significantly improve performance on tasks like memory recall and Stroop tests. The key is proximity in time: pair your learning session closely with exercise rather than obsessing about exact timing.

Don’t overdo high-intensity training if you need sharp cognition afterward.

A single HIIT session boosts executive function by increasing arousal and cerebral blood flow. However, doing multiple exhaustive HIIT sessions in a day (e.g., two ‘4×4’ bouts near max heart rate) reduces cerebral blood flow during subsequent cognitive tasks and impairs performance. For brain-focused days, stick to one hard session and avoid double-dose HIIT unless you’re not relying on high-level mental work afterward.

Build a weekly ‘brain-optimized’ exercise plan with four core components.

Huberman recommends at least: (1) one long, slow distance / zone 2 cardio session (45–75 minutes) to strengthen cardiovascular and cerebral blood flow; (2) one HIIT or VO₂max-style session (intervals from ~6 seconds to a few minutes at very high intensity with full rest) for arousal, lactate, and vascular adaptations; (3) resistance training that includes deliberate time-under-tension to maximally recruit motor neurons and muscle–brain signaling; and (4) some form of jumping plus controlled landings to load the skeleton and trigger osteocalcin release for hippocampal health.

Exploit body–brain signaling pathways: movement is a neurochemical switch.

When you move, motor cortex outputs drive the spinal cord, which activates the adrenal medulla via cholinergic neurons, causing epinephrine release. That epinephrine acts on the vagus nerve, NST/NTS, and then the locus coeruleus, which ‘sprinklers’ norepinephrine across the brain. This rapidly raises arousal, focus, and readiness for learning. Compound, core-heavy movements (squats, deadlifts, presses, rows, dips, pull-ups) are especially effective for turning on this circuitry.

Bone, lactate, and glial cells are hidden levers for brain longevity.

Mechanical loading of bones during impact and eccentric landings releases osteocalcin, which crosses the blood–brain barrier, supports hippocampal neurons, and appears to act partly via BDNF. High-intensity work that produces lactate provides preferred fuel for neurons, suppresses appetite, and stimulates VEGF to strengthen the blood–brain barrier—critical for resisting age-related cognitive decline. Astrocytes in the brain also generate lactate in response to neuronal activity, creating an activity-dependent support loop for plasticity.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

Probably 60 to 70% of the effects of exercise on brain health, performance, and longevity can be explained by the specific shifts in our physiology during those bouts of exercise, which is this increase in autonomic arousal.

Andrew Huberman

You can do very brief, very intense bouts of exercise—six‑second all‑out efforts—and experience an enhancement in cognitive function.

Andrew Huberman

The movement of your body is creating specific neurochemical outcomes both in the body and the brain that create the arousal that initiates the improvements in focus and attention.

Andrew Huberman

Any exercise program that's designed not just to benefit our body but also our brain health and performance should do something to load the skeleton in some sort of impactful way that causes the release of osteocalcin.

Andrew Huberman

The fifth category is the one that you absolutely don't want to do… if you want to improve brain function and brain health over time, you have to do things that you don't want to do.

Andrew Huberman

Acute effects of exercise-induced arousal on learning and memoryLong-term molecular and structural brain adaptations (BDNF, osteocalcin, lactate, VEGF)Cardio modalities: steady-state, zone 2, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)Resistance training: compound vs isolation, time-under-tension, and neural pathwaysBody–brain communication: heart, adrenals, vagus nerve, liver, bones, and astrocytesSleep as a mediator of exercise’s cognitive and longevity benefitsAnterior mid-cingulate cortex, grit, and ‘do-what-you-don’t-want-to’ training

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