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The Science & Health Benefits of Deliberate Heat Exposure

I describe the mechanisms by which deliberate heat exposure impacts body temperature, metabolism, heart health, hormone production, exercise recovery, cognition, mood, and longevity. I detail specific protocols for deliberate heat exposure, including exposure times, temperature ranges to consider, time of day, and delivery mechanisms (sauna vs. hot bath vs. open air heat, etc.) in order to achieve different specific outcomes, including dramatic growth hormone releases, or reduction in cortisol levels. I also discuss the ability of locally applied heat to heal or otherwise improve various bodily tissues and new data on how local application of heat may induce the conversion of metabolically sluggish white fat to metabolically robust beige fat. #HubermanLab #Sauna Thank you to our sponsors LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman ROKA - https://www.roka.com - code "huberman" See Andrew Huberman Live: The Brain Body Contract Tuesday, May 17th: Seattle, WA Wednesday, May 18th: Portland, OR https://hubermanlab.com/tour Our Patreon page https://www.patreon.com/andrewhuberman Supplements from Momentous I am pleased to announce that the Huberman Lab Podcast is now partnered with Momentous. Momentous supplements are of the very highest quality; each is third-party tested for purity and accuracy of dosage. To learn more about the Huberman Lab Podcast-Momentous partnership, the supplements I that take, and stay up-to-date with future product announcements, visit: https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Social & Website: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Twitter - https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab Website - https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter - https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network Subscribe to the Huberman Lab Podcast: Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/3DbFdlv Spotify: https://spoti.fi/34Xod5H Google Podcasts: https://bit.ly/3wo01EJ Other platforms: https://hubermanlab.com/follow Article Links Sauna bathing is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and improves risk prediction in men and women: a prospective cohort study: https://bit.ly/3EIC6C4 Endocrine Effects of Repeated Hot Thermal Stress and Cold Water Immersion in Young Adult Men: https://bit.ly/3LiREPt Endocrine effects of repeated sauna bathing: https://bit.ly/3kaSD8C Growth hormone response to different consecutive stress stimuli in healthy men: is there any difference?: https://bit.ly/3rNhSBU Sauna Bathing and Risk of Psychotic Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study: https://bit.ly/3vJN6Lg Local hyperthermia therapy induces browning of white fat and treats obesity: https://bit.ly/3vFhLto Timestamps 00:00:00 Heat & Health 00:03:37 Momentous Supplements 00:04:52 The Brain-Body Contract 00:05:46 LMNT, InsideTracker, ROKA 00:09:31 Body Shell Temperature vs. Body Core Temperature 00:13:28 Thermal Regulation, Hyperthermia 00:17:36 Heat Removal Circuits, Pre-Optic Hypothalamus (POA) 00:26:30 Protocols & Benefits of Deliberate Heat Exposure 00:33:37 Tools & Conditions for Deliberate Heat Exposure 00:38:47 Deliberate Heat Exposure, Cortisol & Cardiovascular Health 00:44:50 Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs), Molecular Mechanisms of Heat Regulation 00:47:56 Longevity & Heat Exposure, FOXO3 00:52:30 Deliberate Cold & Heat Exposure & Metabolism 00:54:48 Deliberate Heat Exposure & Growth Hormone 01:04:32 Parameters for Heat & Cold Exposure 01:08:26 Circadian Rhythm & Body Temperature, Cold & Heat Exposure 01:12:00 Heat Exposure & Growth Hormone 01:16:20 Tool: Hydration & Sauna 01:17:10 Heat, Endorphins & Dynorphins, Mood 01:28:44 Tool: Glabrous Skin To Heat or Cool 01:35:33 Local Hyperthermia, Converting White Fat to Beige Fat, Metabolism 01:47:00 Hormesis/Mitohormesis & Heat/Cold Exposure 01:49:11 Benefits of Heat Exposure 01:51:10 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer: The Huberman Lab Podcast is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing or other professional health care services, including the giving of medical advice, and no doctor/patient relationship is formed. The use of information on this podcast or materials linked from this podcast is at the user’s own risk. The content of this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Users should not disregard or delay in obtaining medical advice for any medical condition they may have and should seek the assistance of their health care professionals for any such conditions. Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com

Andrew Hubermanhost
Apr 24, 20221h 53mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

Harness Heat: Saunas, Stress, and Science-Backed Pathways To Longevity

  1. Andrew Huberman explains how deliberate heat exposure—primarily through sauna—affects core and skin (shell) temperature and how the brain’s thermoregulation circuits control heating and cooling. He details evidence that regular sauna use significantly lowers cardiovascular and all‑cause mortality, improves metabolic health, and can dramatically increase growth hormone under specific protocols. Huberman also explores how heat-induced stress reshapes endorphin pathways to enhance mood, reduces cortisol, and may reduce risk for psychotic disorders. He concludes with emerging research on local hyperthermia, showing that heating specific skin areas can convert white fat to metabolically active beige fat and improve systemic metabolism.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Use sauna 2–4+ times per week to meaningfully reduce cardiovascular and all‑cause mortality risk.

Large prospective cohort data (e.g., ~1,688 participants, mean age ~63) show that compared to once-weekly sauna, going 2–3 times per week at 80–100°C (176–212°F) for ~5–20 minutes lowers cardiovascular mortality risk by about 27%. Using sauna 4–7 times per week lowers that risk by about 50%. These effects persist even after controlling for confounders like smoking, weight, and exercise, suggesting regular heat exposure is an independent protective factor.

Target roughly 57 minutes of sauna and 11 minutes of cold per week to boost metabolism and brown/beige fat.

Building on Susanna Søberg’s work, Huberman highlights that about 57 minutes/week of sauna (split into multiple sessions, at 80–100°C) combined with ~11 minutes/week of uncomfortably cold but safe exposure (also split across sessions) increases thermogenic brown/beige fat and improves metabolic health. The exact minute count isn’t a rigid threshold, but a practical minimum range where robust effects begin to appear.

For large growth hormone increases, use infrequent but heavy heat ‘shock’ sessions and avoid heat adaptation.

An 80°C (176°F) sauna protocol of 30 minutes, four times in a day (2 total hours) produced ~16‑fold increases in growth hormone on day one. However, repeating this on day 3 and day 7 showed progressively smaller boosts due to adaptation. To leverage this, Huberman suggests using such intense protocols sparingly (e.g., ~once per week or less), ideally fasted or with low glucose/insulin, and not stacking multiple GH‑stimulating stressors (e.g., heavy exercise + sauna back‑to‑back expecting additive GH spikes).

Time heat and cold exposure relative to your circadian temperature rhythm to protect sleep.

Core body temperature is lowest ~2 hours before waking, rises through the morning and midday, peaks late afternoon, then declines toward night. Cold on the skin initially raises core temperature, so early‑day cold aligns with the natural rise and is less likely to disrupt sleep. Sauna/heat initially raises then drives a rebound drop in body temperature after you exit, which can support sleep onset; thus, heat is best done later in the day or evening, especially if sleep is fragile.

Lean into short-term discomfort: dynorphin from heat stress enhances your capacity for pleasure afterward.

Uncomfortably hot sauna triggers dynorphin release, which binds kappa opioid receptors and makes you feel agitated and worse in the moment. But this stress reshapes endorphin systems so that the ‘feel‑good’ endorphins (e.g., mu‑opioid pathways) work more effectively later, elevating baseline mood and amplifying positive responses to rewarding events. Regular, safe heat stress thus becomes a training stimulus for the brain’s pleasure and stress-resilience circuitry.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

You don’t just have one body temperature; you have two—your shell and your core—and your brain is constantly trying to balance them.

Andrew Huberman

There is a specific sauna protocol that can increase the amount of growth hormone released into the brain and body sixteen‑fold.

Andrew Huberman

Regular exposure to sauna, starting at about two or three times per week all the way up to seven times per week, greatly improves longevity in the sense that people are less likely to die of cardiovascular events and other things that kill us.

Andrew Huberman

The discomfort you feel in the sauna is the consequence of dynorphin, but that same dynorphin is what allows your pleasure and endorphin systems to work better afterward.

Andrew Huberman

Local hyperthermia therapy, by heating skin to just about forty‑one degrees Celsius, can convert white fat into beige fat and treat obesity—at least in the animal and early human data so far.

Andrew Huberman

Core vs. shell body temperature and thermoregulation circuitry (POA, amygdala, autonomic responses)Sauna protocols, temperature/duration ranges, and effects on cardiovascular health and mortalityHormonal effects of heat exposure: cortisol, growth hormone, FOXO3, heat shock proteinsHeat, endorphins, dynorphin, and the modulation of mood and stress resilienceCold vs. heat as complementary stressors and their shared mitochondrial/metabolic pathwaysGlabrous skin (hands, feet, face) for rapid heating/cooling and treating hyper/hypothermiaLocal hyperthermia (LHT) to induce beige fat, increase metabolism, and implications for obesity

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