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The Science of Vision, Eye Health & Seeing Better

This episode I describe how we see, meaning how our eyes focus, convert light information into electricity the rest of the brain can understand and how our brain creates the incredible thing we experience as “sight”. I also describe how we can train and support our visual system to improve at any age. I describe more than a dozen protocols to support depth perception, offset near-sightedness, improve mood, sleep, and our ability to focus (both visual focus and our mental focus generally). I also explain how to use eyesight to improve our levels of alertness and why visual hallucinations, lazy eyes and colorblindness occur. I also describe various compounds that may assist in supporting visual health and possibly improve our vision. Many simple, zero-cost protocols and a lot of scientific mechanisms are covered in this episode in clear language anyone can understand-- it is for anyone that values their brain and their eyesight, whether young, adult-age or advanced age. Some Huberman Lab podcast sponsors may have changed, so please visit our website for the current list: https://www.hubermanlab.com/sponsors Social & Website Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Twitter: https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman Website: https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter: https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network Link to eye exercise videos for smooth pursuit, amblyopia, etc. (Numbering of videos does correspond to numbers in episode caption.) https://www.youtube.com/c/VisualExercises/videos Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introduction 00:04:51 Protocol: Concurrent Training For Endurance, Strength, Hypertrophy 00:07:24 The Senses, Vision, Seeing & What We Should All Do To See Better 00:10:35 Our Eyes: What They Really Do, & How They Work 00:14:30 Converting Light Into Electricity Language: Photoreceptors, Retinal Ganglion Cells 00:17:00 We Don’t See Anything Directly: It Is All A Comparison Of Reflected Light 00:19:35 Dogs, Cats, Snakes, Squirrels, Shrimps, Diving Birds, & You(r View Of The World) 00:24:05 Everything You See Is A Best Guess, Blind Spots 00:25:50 Depth Perception 00:28:00 Subconscious Vision: Light, Mood, Metabolism, Dopamine; Frog’s Skin In Your Eyes 00:32:00 Blue-Yellow Light, Sunlight; & Protocol 1 For Better Biology & Psychology; 00:35:00 Protocol 2: Prevent & Offset Near-Sightedness (Myopia): Outdoors 2 Hours Per Day 00:42:00 Improving Focus: Visual & Mental; Accommodation, Your Pupils & Your Bendy Lens 00:48:50 Protocol 3: Distance Viewing For 20min For Every 90 Minutes of “Close Viewing” 00:52:20 Protocol 4: Self-Generated Optic Flow; Move Yourself Through Space Daily 00:54:26 Protocol 5: Be More Alert; Eyelids, Eye Size, Chin Position, Looking Up Versus Down 00:59:21 Protocol 6: Sleep In A Very Dark Room To Prevent Myopia (Nearsightedness) 01:02:55 Color Vision, Colorblindness, Use Magentas Not Reds, 01:04:32 Protocol 7: Keeping Your Vision Sharp With Distance Viewing Every Day 01:06:05 Protocol 8: Smooth Pursuit 01:08:48 Protocol 9: Near-Far Visual Training 2-3 Minutes 3-4 Times a Week 01:13:33 Protocol 10: Red Light, Emerging Protocol To Improve Photoreceptors & Vision 01:16:20 Dry Eyes; Blinking, Protocol 11 01:18:40 Lazy Eye, Binocular Vision, Amblyopia; Triggering Rapid Brain Plasticity; Protocol 12 01:24:48 Protocol 12: Determine Your Dominant Eye; Near-Far Training 01:27:57 Visual Hallucinations: The Consequence of An Under-Active Visual Brain 01:29:47 Protocol 13: Snellen Chart: A Simple, Cost-Free Way To Test & Maintain Vision 01:33:00 Vitamin A, Lutein, Idebenone, Zeaxanthine, Astaxanthin, Blood Flow 01:44:20 Summary of Protocols, Vital Point About Blood & Oxygen For Vision 01:46:00 Episode Length, Captions, Zero-Cost Support, Instagram, Searching Topics #HubermanLab #EyeSight #Vision Disclaimer & Disclosures: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Andrew Hubermanhost
Jun 13, 20211h 49mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

Train Your Eyes: Daily Habits That Protect and Improve Vision Lifelong

  1. Andrew Huberman explains how the visual system actually works—from light hitting the retina to the brain constructing reality—and why vision is central not just to seeing but to mood, alertness, sleep, and metabolism.
  2. He outlines behavioral protocols to preserve and enhance eyesight, especially to prevent myopia, support accommodation and eye muscle function, and optimize circadian rhythms via light exposure.
  3. The episode emphasizes outdoor light, distance viewing, visual breaks, and specific eye-movement exercises, while also addressing children’s eye health, lazy eye, night light risks, and binocular vision.
  4. Huberman briefly covers emerging tools like red-light exposure and specific nutrients (vitamin A, lutein, astaxanthin), stressing they are adjuncts to, not substitutes for, proper visual behaviors.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Get outdoor morning and evening light to anchor sleep, mood, and metabolism.

Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells respond best to the blue–yellow contrast in sunlight at low solar angles (early morning and late afternoon/evening). Viewing 2–10 minutes of outdoor light (even through cloud cover) early in the day, and again later toward evening, powerfully sets circadian rhythms, supporting sleep timing, hormone balance, dopamine levels, learning, and pain thresholds. Artificial indoor lighting is generally too dim and spectrally different to fully replace this effect.

Spend about two hours outside daily—without sunglasses—to help prevent myopia.

Large clinical studies in children show that ~11 hours/week (≈2 hours/day on school days) of outdoor time significantly reduces the risk of developing nearsightedness. The effect appears linked to bright, broad-spectrum sunlight activating melanopsin cells, which in turn support the eye’s focusing apparatus (ciliary body, lens control, ocular blood flow). Adults also seem to benefit. Car windshields and most window glass filter key wavelengths and reduce intensity, so outdoor exposure is not equivalent to being indoors near a window or in a car.

Break up near work and deliberately relax your visual system to combat eye strain and long-term visual problems.

Looking at close objects (phones, laptops, books) forces the lens to thicken and eye muscles to work continuously (accommodation), which is fatiguing and, if unbalanced, contributes to visual defects. Every 30 minutes of focused near work, briefly relax your face and jaw, go into panoramic vision, and avoid focusing on any one point. At least every 90 minutes, give yourself ~20–30 minutes of distance viewing—ideally outdoors—so the lens can flatten and eye muscles can truly relax.

Train smooth pursuit and near–far focus to keep eye muscles and neural circuits healthy.

A few minutes, a few times per week, of tracking a smoothly moving object (e.g., a dot on a screen moving in loops or figure-eights, or a pen moved by hand) strengthens extraocular muscles and motion-processing circuits. Additional near–far drills—shifting gaze from a near object (e.g., 6–12 inches from your nose) to an object at arm’s length or beyond, holding focus for 5–20 seconds at each distance—exercise the accommodation mechanism and can help maintain or improve focusing capacity, especially in people who do heavy near work.

Use gaze direction and screen height to modulate alertness during the day.

Looking up naturally opens the eyelids and engages brainstem arousal systems (including the locus coeruleus and norepinephrine release), increasing wakefulness. Conversely, looking down—especially with head and chin lowered—correlates with drowsiness. When feeling sleepy at work, briefly directing your gaze upward toward the ceiling for 10–15 seconds can increase alertness. Positioning computer screens at or slightly above eye level also promotes wakefulness compared to working with everything below eye level.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

Everything you see around you, you're not actually seeing those objects directly. What you're doing is you're making a best guess about what's there based on the pattern of electricity that arrives in your brain.

Andrew Huberman

If you are not viewing the sun for two to ten minutes in the early part of the day and doing the same again in the evening, you are severely disrupting your sleep rhythms, your mood, your hormones, your metabolism, your pain threshold, and many other factors.

Andrew Huberman

Staying indoors just getting artificial light and looking at things up close leads to visual defects. It's a form of kind of visual obesity.

Andrew Huberman

If you can hold visual focus, you can hold mental focus.

Andrew Huberman

Eyesight and movement are the main ways that we are able to take care of ourselves and take care of others.

Andrew Huberman

Basic visual neuroscience: rods, cones, retinal ganglion cells, and color perceptionCircadian regulation, mood, and metabolism via melanopsin retinal ganglion cellsMyopia (nearsightedness) prevention and the role of outdoor light exposureAccommodation, eye strain, and the impact of near-work and screensBinocular vision, lazy eye (amblyopia), and critical periods of plasticityVision training: smooth pursuit, near–far drills, panoramic vision, and optic flowNutritional and light-based interventions for age-related visual decline

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