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How to Master Growth Mindset to Improve Performance | Dr. David Yeager

In this episode, my guest is Dr. David Yeager, Ph.D., professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin, and the author of the forthcoming book "10 to 25." We discuss how people of any age can use growth mindset and stress-is-enhancing mindsets to improve motivation and performance. We explain the best mindset for mentors and being mentored and how great leaders motivate others with high standards and support. We also discuss why a sense of purpose is essential to goal pursuit and achievement. Whether you are a parent, teacher, boss, coach, student or someone wanting to improve a skill or overcome a particular challenge, this episode provides an essential framework for adopting performance-enhancing mindsets leading to success. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman AeroPress: https://aeropress.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Dr. David Yeager Academic profile: https://bit.ly/3W08cnI Publications: https://bit.ly/3W2ELkL Texas Behavioral Science and Policy Institute: https://bit.ly/3VYLhZP 10 to 25 (book): https://amzn.to/3VYd9xl SXSW EDU Keynote: https://youtu.be/Y_0L15AgtkI LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-yeager-3713905 Articles A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement: https://go.nature.com/3TSrfxs Defensiveness versus remediation: Self-theories and modes of self-esteem maintenance: https://bit.ly/3U6frIe Evaluating the Domain Specificity of Mental Health–Related Mind-Sets: https://bit.ly/3vRI4Rb Wise interventions: Psychological remedies for social and personal problems: https://bit.ly/3U0RTV7 Boring but important: A self-transcendent purpose for learning fosters academic self-regulation: https://bit.ly/3UiFOe7 Breaking the cycle of mistrust: Wise interventions to provide critical feedback across the racial divide: https://bit.ly/49EpHwV The Mentor’s Dilemma: Providing Critical Feedback Across the Racial Divide: https://bit.ly/4cVCqy8 The amygdala and the prefrontal cortex: The co-construction of intelligent decision-making: https://bit.ly/3JhBKW3 The use of functional and effective connectivity techniques to understand the developing brain: https://bit.ly/4cVCspK Teaching a lay theory before college narrows achievement gaps at scale: https://bit.ly/3JhBM07 The power of self-persuasion: https://bit.ly/3Q1D9UI A synergistic mindsets intervention protects adolescents from stress: https://go.nature.com/4cQpee1 What can be learned from growth mindset controversies?: https://bit.ly/3JgZJoz Birdsong and Speech Development: Could There Be Parallels? There may be basic rules governing vocal learning to which many species conform, including man: https://bit.ly/3UhA31i Promoting the Middle East Peace Process by Changing Beliefs About Group Malleability: https://bit.ly/3Uiop6r Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk: https://bit.ly/3UgE3PB Books Cultures of Growth: https://amzn.to/3W1fnvI The Last Lecture: https://amzn.to/3VXPFIo Steve Jobs: https://amzn.to/3VWQTni Other Resources PubPeer: https://bit.ly/3VYbtUf Steve Jobs Stanford Commencement Address: https://youtu.be/UF8uR6Z6KLc Huberman Lab Episodes Mentioned Dr. Alia Crum: Science of Mindsets for Health & Performance: https://youtu.be/dFR_wFN23ZY Dr. Becky Kennedy: Protocols for Excellent Parenting & Improving Relationships of All Kinds: https://youtu.be/XT_6Lvkhxvo How to Enhance Performance & Learning by Applying a Growth Mindset: https://youtu.be/aQDOU3hPci0 List of people mentioned in this episode: https://bit.ly/4aWEaFl Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. David Yeager 00:01:49 Sponsors: AeroPress & ROKA 00:04:20 Growth Mindset; Performance, Self-Esteem 00:10:31 “Wise” Intervention, Teaching Growth Mindset 00:15:12 Stories & Writing Exercises 00:19:42 Effort Beliefs, Physiologic Stress Response 00:24:44 Stress-Is-Enhancing vs Stress-Is-Debilitating Mindsets 00:29:28 Sponsor: AG1 00:30:58 Language & Importance, Stressor vs. Stress Response 00:37:54 Physiologic Cues, Threat vs Challenge Response 00:44:35 Mentor Mindset & Leadership; Protector vs Enforcer Mindset 00:53:58 Sponsor: Waking Up 00:55:14 Strivings, Social Hierarchy & Adolescence, Testosterone 01:06:28 Growth Mindset & Transferability, Defensiveness 01:11:36 Challenge, Environment & Growth Mindset 01:19:08 Goal Pursuit, Brain Development & Adaptation 01:24:54 Emotions; Loss vs. Gain & Motivation 01:32:28 Skill Building & Challenge, Purpose Motivation 01:39:59 Contribution Value, Scientific Work & Scrutiny 01:50:01 Self-Interest, Contribution Mindset 01:58:05 Criticism, Negative Workplaces vs. Growth Culture 02:06:51 Critique & Support; Motivation; Standardized Tests 02:16:40 Mindset Research 02:23:53 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter #HubermanLab #GrowthMindset Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Andrew HubermanhostDr. David Yeagerguest
Apr 14, 20242h 26mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

Harness Growth And Stress Mindsets To Turn Struggle Into Success

  1. Andrew Huberman interviews psychologist Dr. David Yeager about the science of growth mindset and the “stress can be performance‑enhancing” mindset, and how combining them improves learning and performance. Yeager explains what growth mindset actually is (and is not), how brief, well‑designed interventions create long‑term academic gains, and why effort beliefs and stress reappraisal are crucial missing pieces. They also explore mentor and organizational mindsets—how teachers, coaches, parents, and managers can give critical feedback that motivates rather than demoralizes. Throughout, Yeager emphasizes purpose and contribution as powerful drivers of persistence, especially for adolescents and people facing real setbacks.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Growth mindset is about potential under the right conditions, not “you can do anything if you try hard.”

Yeager defines growth mindset as the belief that abilities in a domain can change with the right conditions and support, not as magical thinking that effort alone guarantees success. Misapplying it as “just try harder” backfires, especially when people interpret effort as proof they lack talent. Effective growth mindset teaching must directly address effort beliefs: that struggle and hard work are expected, diagnostic, and useful, not evidence of inadequacy.

Brief, well‑timed mindset interventions can create multi‑year academic gains when environments support growth.

In a large 2019 Nature study, two 20–25‑minute online growth‑mindset sessions for 9th graders led to better grades 8–9 months later, increased enrollment in advanced math by 10th grade, and unpublished data show higher rates of graduating high school with college‑ready coursework four years later. The interventions: (1) teach simple brain‑as‑muscle science, (2) share stories from older peers who struggled then improved, and (3) have students write advice to others (the “saying‑is‑believing” component). Effects are strongest for lower‑achieving students in supportive schools that offer challenging courses and decent instruction.

How you interpret stress physiology determines whether it helps or hurts performance.

Building on work by Alia Crum and Jeremy Jamieson, Yeager explains the “stress is debilitating” vs. “stress can be enhancing” belief. The same physiological arousal (fast heart rate, sweaty palms) can reflect either a threat state (you believe demands exceed your resources; body prepares for damage/failure) or a challenge state (you believe you can meet the demands; body mobilizes resources for performance). Teaching people that stress responses can help deliver oxygen and fuel to brain and muscles shifts both appraisal and actual physiology toward a challenge pattern, improving performance and reducing being “stressed about being stressed.”

Pairing growth mindset with stress‑reappraisal closes the loop from taking on challenges to staying with them.

Growth mindset encourages people to seek challenges and persist after setbacks; stress‑is‑enhancing mindsets help them tolerate and harness the inevitable arousal that comes with those challenges. Without the stress piece, people may embrace challenges but then interpret their anxiety as proof they are not ready or are doomed to fail. Yeager’s more recent work explicitly combines these: first invite challenge via growth mindset, then teach that the heightened arousal during difficult tasks is a resource signaling readiness, not a defect.

High‑standards plus high‑support feedback (“wise feedback”) makes criticism motivating instead of crushing.

Drawing on Geoff Cohen and Claude Steele’s “mentor’s dilemma” work, Yeager shows that simply criticizing work often leads students to infer bias or rejection, while withholding criticism sacrifices growth. The solution is to explicitly communicate: (1) a clear, demanding standard and (2) sincere assurance of the person’s ability to meet that standard with effort and support. Even a short note framing feedback this way roughly doubled the likelihood that 7th graders revised their essays in response to tough comments. This “mentor mindset” integrates growth mindset into daily interactions by making high expectations feel like an investment, not an indictment.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

In a fixed mindset, your goal is to defend your ego. In a growth mindset, a mistake is just an opportunity to grow.

David Yeager

You can’t just abstractly tell someone ‘your brain is a muscle’ and assume that in the midst of stress and frustration, they’re going to immediately say, ‘Yes, I love doing this.’

David Yeager

If you were about to do well, you wouldn’t feel this way—that’s the belief people have about stress. And it’s wrong.

David Yeager

We’re not giving someone motivation in a growth mindset intervention. We’re presuming people already want to do well, and we’re trying to remove the garbage beliefs they’ve learned that get in the way.

David Yeager

The person who knows the ‘why’ for their existence is able to bear almost any ‘how.’

David Yeager (quoting Viktor Frankl and applying it to his data)

Accurate definition and mechanisms of growth mindsetShort mindset interventions and long-term academic outcomesStress-is-enhancing mindset and challenge vs. threat physiologyEffort beliefs and reappraisal of struggle and failureMentor mindset: high-standards/high-support feedback (wise feedback)Purpose and contribution as motivators for effort and learningCulture of growth vs. culture of genius in organizations and schools

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