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How to Succeed at Hard Conversations | Chris Voss

In this episode my guest is Chris Voss, a former Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent who was the lead negotiator in many high-risk, high-consequence cases. Chris has taught negotiation courses at Harvard and Georgetown Universities and is the author of the book “Never Split the Difference.” We discuss how to navigate difficult conversations of all kinds, including business, romance and romantic breakups, job firings and tense conversations with family and friends. Chris explains how to navigate online, in-person and written negotiations, the red flags to watch out for and how to read body and voice cues in face-to-face and phone conversations. He explains how to use empathy, certain key questions, proactive listening, emotional processing and more to ensure you reach the best possible outcome in any hard conversation. This episode ought to be of interest to anyone looking to improve their interpersonal abilities and communication skills or to keep a level head in heated discussions. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Plunge: https://plunge.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman InsideTracker Giveaway: https://info.insidetracker.com/hydrow Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Huberman Lab Social & Website Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Threads: https://www.threads.net/@hubermanlab Twitter: https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman Website: https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter: https://hubermanlab.com/newsletter Chris Voss The Black Swan Group: https://www.blackswanltd.com MasterClass: https://bit.ly/45bL86o Never Split the Difference (book): https://amzn.to/47Ng5Qv Fireside Chriss Voss: https://bit.ly/46rMNWc The Edge Newsletter: https://bit.ly/46hTj2f Live Events: https://bit.ly/46cFDFM YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/Blackswanltd1 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/christophervoss X: https://twitter.com/fbinegotiator Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ChrisVossNegotiation Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thefbinegotiator Articles Human magnetic sense is mediated by a light and magnetic field resonance-dependent mechanism: https://go.nature.com/3PFQ5hP Conscious processing of narrative stimuli synchronizes heart rate between individuals: https://bit.ly/48BegXl Books "Man Without a Gun : One Diplomat's Secret Struggle to Free the Hostages, Fight Terrorism, and End a War": https://amzn.to/3RfHTWv "Beyond Winning: Negotiating to Create Value in Deals and Disputes": https://amzn.to/3uSBjOd "The Upward Spiral: Using Neuroscience to Reverse the Course of Depression, One Small Change at a Time": https://amzn.to/4acfs4t "The Full Fee Agent: How to Stack the Odds in Your Favor as a Real Estate Professional": https://amzn.to/3Nhe9Hp Huberman Lab Episodes Dr. Eddie Chang: The Science of Learning & Speaking Languages: https://bit.ly/46rUFaZ How Smell, Taste & Pheromone-Like Chemicals Control You: https://bit.ly/45u3ik1 Dr. Robert Malenka: How Your Brain's Reward Circuits Drive Your Choices: https://bit.ly/459vqbH Dr. Paul Conti: Therapy, Treating Trauma & Other Life Challenges: https://bit.ly/45g8Nmb Timestamps 00:00:00 Chris Voss 00:02:18 Sponsors: Plunge & ROKA 00:04:59 Negotiation Mindset, Playfulness 00:11:41 Calm Voice, Emotional Shift, Music 00:18:59 “Win-Win”?, Benevolent Negotiations, Hypothesis Testing 00:28:38 Generosity 00:32:46 Sponsor: AG1 00:33:44 Hostile Negotiations, Internal Collaboration 00:39:40 Patterns & Specificity; Internet Scams, “Double-Dip” 00:48:15 Urgency, Cons, Asking Questions 00:54:46 Negotiations, Fair Questions, Exhausting Adversaries 01:01:09 Sponsor: InsideTracker 01:02:18 “Vision Drives Decision”, Human Nature & Investigation 01:07:47 Lying & Body, “Gut Sense” 01:15:42 Face-to-Face Negotiation, “738” & Affective Cues 01:20:39 Online/Text Communication; “Straight Shooters” 01:26:47 Break-ups (Romantic & Professional), Firing, Resilience 01:32:16 Ego Depletion, Negotiation Outcomes 01:37:35 Readiness & “Small Space Practice”, Labeling 01:45:17 Venting, Emotions & Listening; Meditation & Spirituality 01:51:41 Physical Fitness, Self-Care 01:57:01 Long Negotiations & Recharging 02:02:40 Hostages, Humanization & Names 02:08:50 Tactical Empathy, Compassion 02:15:27 Tool: Mirroring Technique 02:22:20 Tool: Proactive Listening 02:29:48 Family Members & Negotiations 02:35:21 Self Restoration, Humor 02:39:01 Fireside, Communication Courses; Rapport; Writing Projects 02:47:45 “Sounds Like…” Perspective 02:50:54 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Andrew HubermanhostChris Vossguest
Oct 2, 20232h 53mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. 0:00 – 16:20

    Intro, Voss’s Background, and Mindset Going Into Any Negotiation

    Huberman introduces Chris Voss, outlining his FBI hostage negotiation career and teaching roles, and frames the episode as a guide to hard conversations in business and personal life. Voss describes his default mindset: quickly diagnosing whether there’s a real, good deal or a bad/no deal, and being willing to walk away fast. He also contrasts playful, relaxed negotiation—which often produces “astonishing” outcomes—with emotionally charged, ego-driven interactions.

  2. 16:20 – 28:50

    Emotional Self-Regulation and the Power of the ‘Late-Night FM DJ Voice’

    Voss explains how he manages his own state under stress using his signature slow, calm “late-night FM DJ” voice. This tone calms counterparts and also calms him, reducing the cognitive impairment caused by anger and fear. Huberman provides neuroscience context: low-frequency vocal tones entrain low-frequency brain oscillations in listeners, promoting calm and making the effect largely involuntary.

  3. 28:50 – 52:50

    Benevolent Negotiations, Hypothesis Testing, and Why ‘Win–Win’ Is a Red Flag

    The conversation shifts to positive-sum negotiations—vacations with friends, romantic cohabitation, financial arrangements—where everyone wants a good outcome. Voss warns that people who verbally push “win–win” early often intend to pick your pocket. He recommends hypothesis testing about the other person’s preferences and priorities as a faster path to genuine collaboration and shared satisfaction.

  4. 52:50 – 1:09:30

    Hostage Cases, Collaboration Failures, and Learning From Catastrophic Outcomes

    Voss recounts two major Philippine hostage cases, one ending miraculously when the hostage walked away, and a later one where hostages were killed, including by friendly fire. He describes systemic failures: governments not sharing critical information (like national holidays that trigger killings), mismanaged negotiator control, and non-collaborative behavior on both sides. These experiences drove him to seek further learning at Harvard and refine his understanding of real-world team dynamics.

  5. 1:09:30 – 1:32:10

    Threats, Specificity, Double-Dips, and Handling Shakedowns (Kidnapping to Instagram Hacks)

    Voss explains how to interpret threats in kidnappings and modern scams—including social-media and legal shakedowns—by focusing on specificity and capability rather than fear-triggering language. He introduces the concept of the “double-dip” (getting paid, then demanding more), and Huberman connects this to common online and legal extortion tactics. They outline principles for deciding when a threat is likely real, and why urgency and large, vague numbers are classic manipulation tells.

  6. 1:32:10 – 1:47:00

    Gut Feelings, Subconscious Supercomputers, and the Biology of Intuition

    Huberman and Voss dig into intuition: that bodily sense that something is off before you can articulate why. Voss distinguishes gut signals from fear responses and strongly advocates respecting the gut. Huberman cites emerging neuroscience on subliminal sensory processing (smell/pheromones, magnetoreception, heart-rate synchronization during stories) and psychiatrist Paul Conti’s claim that the subconscious is the real supercomputer guiding wise decisions when we learn to listen to it.

  7. 1:47:00 – 2:28:50

    Face-to-Face vs Text Negotiation, Mirroring, and Setting Context for Bad News

    Voss outlines how he reads in-person cues—not by decoding specific gestures, but by noticing alignment or shifts across words, tone, and body language, then checking those impressions with labels. He contrasts rich, in-person bandwidth with the thin channel of text/email, recommending that digital messages carry one move at a time, be short, and explicitly frame emotional context. He illustrates with a story about texting filmmaker Nick Nanton to warn of bad news, making the subsequent hard ask easier and faster.

  8. 2:28:50 – 2:54:20

    Breakups, Firings, Ego Depletion, and Why Fatigue Deals Fail

    They explore how to end relationships—romantic, professional, contractual—when only one side wants out. Voss argues most “gentle” approaches prolong suffering to protect the initiator’s feelings. He recommends clear, early, and brief bad-news delivery, especially firing on Mondays so people can act. Huberman introduces ego depletion from psychology—akin to decision fatigue—showing that forcing people to defend positions until worn down is risky, because they later recover and resist implementing agreements.

  9. 2:54:20 – 3:15:00

    Daily Practice, Physical Readiness, and Using Ordinary Encounters as Training

    Voss shares how he keeps his negotiation skills sharp and his body and mind ready. He believes in “small stakes practice for high stakes results,” using rideshare drivers, TSA agents, hotel clerks, and baristas to practice labels and state-shifting questions like “What do you love about what you do?” He supplements this with fitness, cold plunges, sauna, decent diet, gratitude exercises, and regular prayer, treating physical and spiritual health as performance infrastructure for hard conversations.

  10. 3:15:00

    Tactical Empathy, Mirroring Mechanics, and Using Family in Hostage Situations

    The final major segment formalizes tactical empathy, separating it from sympathy and compassion. Voss defines it as the verbal transmission of understanding the other’s perspective and emotions, which neuroscience shows can dampen negative affect. He clarifies mirroring as a verbal technique, not body mimicry, and explains why direct use of family members in hostage talks is usually dangerous unless tightly scripted. The episode closes with his current work, including an interactive coaching platform and future writing plans.

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