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How to Succeed at Hard Conversations | Chris Voss

In this episode my guest is Chris Voss, a former Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent who was the lead negotiator in many high-risk, high-consequence cases. Chris has taught negotiation courses at Harvard and Georgetown Universities and is the author of the book “Never Split the Difference.” We discuss how to navigate difficult conversations of all kinds, including business, romance and romantic breakups, job firings and tense conversations with family and friends. Chris explains how to navigate online, in-person and written negotiations, the red flags to watch out for and how to read body and voice cues in face-to-face and phone conversations. He explains how to use empathy, certain key questions, proactive listening, emotional processing and more to ensure you reach the best possible outcome in any hard conversation. This episode ought to be of interest to anyone looking to improve their interpersonal abilities and communication skills or to keep a level head in heated discussions. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Plunge: https://plunge.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman InsideTracker Giveaway: https://info.insidetracker.com/hydrow Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Huberman Lab Social & Website Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Threads: https://www.threads.net/@hubermanlab Twitter: https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman Website: https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter: https://hubermanlab.com/newsletter Chris Voss The Black Swan Group: https://www.blackswanltd.com MasterClass: https://bit.ly/45bL86o Never Split the Difference (book): https://amzn.to/47Ng5Qv Fireside Chriss Voss: https://bit.ly/46rMNWc The Edge Newsletter: https://bit.ly/46hTj2f Live Events: https://bit.ly/46cFDFM YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/Blackswanltd1 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/christophervoss X: https://twitter.com/fbinegotiator Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ChrisVossNegotiation Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thefbinegotiator Articles Human magnetic sense is mediated by a light and magnetic field resonance-dependent mechanism: https://go.nature.com/3PFQ5hP Conscious processing of narrative stimuli synchronizes heart rate between individuals: https://bit.ly/48BegXl Books "Man Without a Gun : One Diplomat's Secret Struggle to Free the Hostages, Fight Terrorism, and End a War": https://amzn.to/3RfHTWv "Beyond Winning: Negotiating to Create Value in Deals and Disputes": https://amzn.to/3uSBjOd "The Upward Spiral: Using Neuroscience to Reverse the Course of Depression, One Small Change at a Time": https://amzn.to/4acfs4t "The Full Fee Agent: How to Stack the Odds in Your Favor as a Real Estate Professional": https://amzn.to/3Nhe9Hp Huberman Lab Episodes Dr. Eddie Chang: The Science of Learning & Speaking Languages: https://bit.ly/46rUFaZ How Smell, Taste & Pheromone-Like Chemicals Control You: https://bit.ly/45u3ik1 Dr. Robert Malenka: How Your Brain's Reward Circuits Drive Your Choices: https://bit.ly/459vqbH Dr. Paul Conti: Therapy, Treating Trauma & Other Life Challenges: https://bit.ly/45g8Nmb Timestamps 00:00:00 Chris Voss 00:02:18 Sponsors: Plunge & ROKA 00:04:59 Negotiation Mindset, Playfulness 00:11:41 Calm Voice, Emotional Shift, Music 00:18:59 “Win-Win”?, Benevolent Negotiations, Hypothesis Testing 00:28:38 Generosity 00:32:46 Sponsor: AG1 00:33:44 Hostile Negotiations, Internal Collaboration 00:39:40 Patterns & Specificity; Internet Scams, “Double-Dip” 00:48:15 Urgency, Cons, Asking Questions 00:54:46 Negotiations, Fair Questions, Exhausting Adversaries 01:01:09 Sponsor: InsideTracker 01:02:18 “Vision Drives Decision”, Human Nature & Investigation 01:07:47 Lying & Body, “Gut Sense” 01:15:42 Face-to-Face Negotiation, “738” & Affective Cues 01:20:39 Online/Text Communication; “Straight Shooters” 01:26:47 Break-ups (Romantic & Professional), Firing, Resilience 01:32:16 Ego Depletion, Negotiation Outcomes 01:37:35 Readiness & “Small Space Practice”, Labeling 01:45:17 Venting, Emotions & Listening; Meditation & Spirituality 01:51:41 Physical Fitness, Self-Care 01:57:01 Long Negotiations & Recharging 02:02:40 Hostages, Humanization & Names 02:08:50 Tactical Empathy, Compassion 02:15:27 Tool: Mirroring Technique 02:22:20 Tool: Proactive Listening 02:29:48 Family Members & Negotiations 02:35:21 Self Restoration, Humor 02:39:01 Fireside, Communication Courses; Rapport; Writing Projects 02:47:45 “Sounds Like…” Perspective 02:50:54 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Andrew HubermanhostChris Vossguest
Oct 1, 20232h 53mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

FBI Negotiator Chris Voss Reveals Science-Backed Tactics For Tough Talks

  1. Chris Voss, former lead FBI hostage negotiator and author of Never Split the Difference, explains how the tools of crisis negotiation apply to everyday business, legal, and relationship conversations. He emphasizes tactical empathy, hypothesis testing, and simple conversational tools like labels and mirrors to uncover what’s really driving the other side. Voss details how to handle deception, threats, legal and online shakedowns, and emotionally charged breakups and firings, while preserving long-term implementation of agreements. He and Andrew Huberman also connect negotiation tactics to neuroscience, physiology, and daily practices that keep you mentally and physically ready for high‑stakes conversations.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Diagnose quickly whether a deal is worth doing—and walk away fast from bad or nonexistent deals.

Voss’s first move is to assess if there’s a real deal, or if it’s a bad deal or no deal at all. He looks for cutthroat behavior, overuse of phrases like “win‑win” and “great opportunity for you,” and one‑sided promises of future benefits (“room full of billionaires”) with no present value. His rule: it’s not a sin to lose a deal; it’s a sin to take a long time to not get a deal or to accept a bad one.

Use tactical empathy and labeling to defuse negative emotions and build rapid rapport.

Empathy in Voss’s sense is not agreement or sympathy; it’s accurately articulating the other side’s perspective and emotions (“It seems like you’ve been ignored,” “Sounds like this has been really frustrating”). Neuroscience shows that naming emotions decreases their intensity. Proactively calling out predictable negatives—especially before giving bad news (“You’re not going to like what I’m about to say”)—acts like an inoculation rather than planting ideas.

Mirror and hypothesis-test to get people talking and self-correcting without feeling interrogated.

Mirroring—repeating 1–3 key words from what someone just said—invites them to expand, clarify, or rethink using different language, without you asking direct “Why?” or “Can you repeat that?” questions. Similarly, hypothesis-testing their motives (“My guess is you want the fastest route because you hate wasting time”) makes people correct you—because correction is satisfying—revealing true priorities far faster than open-ended questioning alone.

Judge seriousness and risk by specificity and capability, not just threats or urgency.

In kidnappings and scams, vague threats (“You’ll lose an egg someday”) are often bluffs, whereas precise, time-bound threats (“If we don’t get paid tomorrow, your son dies”) paired with behavioral patterns (e.g., groups that reliably kill on deadlines) are strong danger signals. In shakedowns (legal, online, social), assess whether they actually control what they claim (proof of life, access to accounts) and test with fair how/what questions (“How do I know you’ll follow through if I comply?”) rather than reacting to urgency.

Don’t rely on wearing people down in business; ego depletion destroys implementation.

Voss distinguishes between contained crises (e.g., bank sieges) and open-ended business deals. In crises, exhausting the adversary may be necessary. In business, if you get agreement because they’re tired or cornered, their “ego battery” recharges later and they’ll resist or sabotage implementation. Sustainable agreements require the other side to feel they worked for and earned the outcome, not that they caved from fatigue.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

It’s not a sin to not get the deal. It’s a sin to take a long time to not get the deal.

Chris Voss

Great negotiation is not exciting. It’s astonishing.

Chris Voss

People lie twenty ways. They tell the truth one way.

Chris Voss

There’s no gentle way to cut somebody’s head off.

Chris Voss

Empathy is about the transmission of information. Compassion is the reaction.

Chris Voss (referencing Steven Kotler’s framing)

Mindset and emotional regulation before and during negotiationsTactical empathy, labeling, mirroring, and proactive listeningDiagnosing bad deals, deception, and shakedowns (kidnapping, legal, online)Use of family, context, and humanization in hostage situationsEgo depletion, fatigue, and implementation risk in agreementsHandling breakups, firings, and giving bad news humanelyDaily practice, physical health, and spirituality to support negotiation performance

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