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Science of Mindsets for Health & Performance | Dr. Alia Crum

My guest is Dr. Alia Crum, Associate Professor (tenured) of Psychology at Stanford University and Director of the Stanford Mind & Body Lab. Dr. Crum is a world expert on mindsets and beliefs, and how they shape our responses to stress, exercise and even the foods we eat. We discuss how our mindset about the nutritional content of food changes how satisfying it is to us at a physiological (hormonal and metabolic) level. She also explains how mindsets about exercise can dramatically alter the effects of exercise on weight loss, blood pressure and other health metrics. Dr. Crum teaches us how to think about stress in ways that allow stress to grow us and bring out our best rather than diminish our health and performance. Throughout the episode, Dr. Crum shares high-quality peer-reviewed scientific findings that we can all leverage to improve health and performance in our lives. For an up-to-date list of our current sponsors, please visit our website: https://www.hubermanlab.com/sponsors. Previous sponsors mentioned in this podcast episode may no longer be affiliated with us. Dr. Alia Crum Links: Twitter - https://twitter.com/AliaCrum Stanford Mind & Body Lab - https://mbl.stanford.edu Support Dr. Crum’s research at Stanford (tax-deductible) - https://mbl.stanford.edu/support Dr. Crum’s published work - https://mbl.stanford.edu/publications Social: Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab Twitter - https://twitter.com/hubermanlab Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab Website - https://hubermanlab.com Newsletter - https://hubermanlab.com/neural-network Links: Toolkit for changing stress mindsets - http://sparqtools.org/rethinkingstress/ Publication on mindsets & side effects - https://bit.ly/3AnUkGY Changing patient mindsets about non-life-threatening symptoms during oral immunotherapy - https://bit.ly/3FT4Irh Stress, mindsets, and success in Navy SEALs special warfare training - https://bit.ly/3IAnS7d Nutritional analysis of foods and beverages depicted in top-grossing US movies, 1994-2018 - https://bit.ly/3ItrrMn Nutritional Analysis of Foods and Beverages Posted in Instagram Accounts of Highly Followed Celebrities - https://bit.ly/3nU42f0 Timestamps: 00:00:00 Introducing Dr. Alia Crum from Stanford University 00:03:15 Thesis, ROKA, InsideTracker 00:08:26 What Is a Mindset & What Does It Do? 00:14:45 Mindsets Change Our Biological Responses to Food 00:22:28 Beliefs About Our Food Matter 00:25:57 Placebo vs Beliefs vs Nocebo Effects 00:28:57 Mindset (Dramatically) Impacts the Effects of Exercise 00:33:44 Motivational Messaging & Mindset About Fitness 00:39:30 The Power of a ‘Potency & Indulgence’ Mindset 00:42:03 Mindsets About Sleep, Tracking Sleep 00:45:00 Making Stress Work For (or Against) You 01:01:50 Mindsets Link Our Conscious & Subconscious 01:04:50 3 Best Ways to Leverage Stress 01:10:40 4 Things That Shape Mindsets, Influencers & Mindsets 01:19:40 Mindsets About Medicines & Side Effects 01:26:25 How to Teach Mindsets 01:31:47 Dr. Crum’s Research, Clinical & Athletic Backgrounds 01:36:20 The Stanford Mind & Body Lab, Resources for Stress 01:38:30 Synthesis, Participating in Research 01:39:04 Subscribe, Sponsors, Patreon, Instagram, Twitter, Thorne Please note that The Huberman Lab Podcast is distinct from Dr. Huberman's teaching and research roles at Stanford University School of Medicine. The information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Huberman Lab Podcast, its employees, guests and affiliates assume no liability for the application of the information discussed

Andrew HubermanhostAlia Crumguest
Jan 23, 20221h 41mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

How Mindsets Rewire Stress, Food, Exercise And Medical Treatment Effects

  1. Dr. Andrew Huberman and Dr. Alia Crum explore how core beliefs—or mindsets—about stress, food, exercise, and medical treatments directly shape motivation, behavior, and even measurable physiology. Drawing on landmark studies, Crum shows that what we think about a milkshake, a work shift, or a medication can alter hormones like ghrelin and DHEA, blood pressure, immune markers, and performance under stress. They distinguish placebo/nocebo from broader “belief effects,” arguing mindsets act as a portal between conscious interpretations and subconscious bodily responses. The conversation concludes with practical frameworks for adopting more adaptive mindsets and a call to consciously design healthier cultural narratives around health and performance.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Mindsets Are Core Assumptions That Steer Attention, Motivation, And Physiology

Crum defines mindsets as core beliefs about a domain (e.g., stress, intelligence, food) that orient expectations, explanations, and goals. They simplify complex reality, acting like default settings that shape what we notice, how we interpret events, and what actions feel possible or worthwhile. Critically, these assumptions don’t just influence behavior; they can modulate physiological systems, from hormones to immune responses.

What You Believe About Food Changes Your Hormonal Response To Eating

In the milkshake study, participants drank the same ~300-calorie shake on two occasions but were told once that it was an indulgent 620-calorie shake and once that it was a light, sensible diet shake. When they believed it was indulgent, their ghrelin (the “hunger hormone”) dropped threefold more, mimicking the response to having eaten more food. This suggests that constantly thinking in terms of deprivation or “dieting” can leave you physiologically hungrier, whereas feeling you’ve eaten enough and indulgently can promote satiety and potentially a more favorable metabolic response, even when objective calories are the same.

Feeling You ‘Get Enough’ Exercise Can Improve Health Independently Of Activity Levels

In the hotel housekeepers study, women performing physically demanding cleaning work were objectively exceeding Surgeon General exercise guidelines but mostly believed they weren't exercising. Teaching half of them that their work met exercise guidelines—without changing their behavior—led, over four weeks, to weight loss, a ~10-point drop in systolic blood pressure, and improved self-perceptions. Large-scale correlational work further shows that merely believing you get less exercise than others predicts higher mortality risk, even after controlling for actual activity. The sense of “enoughness” matters.

Viewing Stress As Enhancing Changes How You Respond And Perform Under Pressure

Most people hold a ‘stress-is-debilitating’ mindset due to public health and cultural messaging, but the research literature shows stress responses can narrow focus, accelerate processing, and trigger physiological “toughening.” In corporate field experiments, brief video interventions framing stress as potentially enhancing—rather than uniformly harmful—shifted employees’ stress mindsets, reduced physical symptoms (e.g., backache, insomnia, racing heart), and improved self-rated performance during layoffs. Among Navy SEAL trainees, a more stress-is-enhancing mindset predicted greater likelihood of completing BUD/S, faster obstacle course times, and better peer ratings.

Beliefs About Side Effects And Symptoms Can Worsen Or Improve Treatment Outcomes

Nocebo effects occur when negative expectations generate or amplify negative symptoms. Telling patients about long side-effect lists can increase the incidence and salience of those symptoms—sometimes via real physiology, sometimes by shifting attention and attribution. Conversely, in a peanut-allergy desensitization trial, framing side effects as signs the body is learning and getting stronger reduced anxiety, lessened symptoms at higher doses, and even improved immunological markers of tolerance. How clinicians explain side effects can change both experience and efficacy of treatment.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

Mindsets are core beliefs or assumptions that we have about a domain or category of things that orient us to a particular set of expectations, explanations, and goals.

Alia Crum

The total effect of anything you do or consume is a combined product of what you’re actually doing and what you think about what you’re doing.

Alia Crum

We only stress about things we care about. Stress is the other side of the coin of things we value.

Alia Crum

The question isn’t, ‘Is this mindset right or wrong?’ The question is, ‘Is it helpful or harmful?’

Alia Crum

We have done so little with the human resource—our own brains—relative to what’s possible.

Alia Crum

Definition and function of mindsetsMindsets and physiology: food, hunger hormones, and metabolismExercise and activity mindsets, performance, and health outcomesStress mindsets: debilitating vs. enhancing and their consequencesPlacebo, nocebo, and belief effects in medicine and side effectsCultural and social origins of health-related mindsets (media, influencers, upbringing)Practical frameworks to recognize, shift, and teach adaptive mindsets

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