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Peter Attia MDPeter Attia MD

#05 - Dom D’Agostino, Ph.D.: ketosis, n=1, exogenous ketones, HBOT, seizures, and cancer

Original release date: 7/16/2018 In this episode, Dom D’Agostino, one of the smartest people on all things related to ketones, digs deep into the research and application of these molecules. We discuss ketone esters, diesters and monoesters, racemic ketones, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), C8 (caprylic acid) on the exogenous ketone (EK) side of things. We also cover a lot of Dom’s fascinating work with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Dom also discusses the strategy and tactics of the metabolic management of cancer, which includes, but is certainly not limited to, a ketogenic diet (KD). Cancer is covered throughout this episode, but if there’s one section to listen to, skip ahead to the 2-hour mark and listen to what Dom has to say about the Press-Pulse approach. Show notes page: https://peterattiamd.com/domdagostino/ We discuss: -Dom’s early medical training in hyperbaric chambers [7:00]; -Effect of ketones on cancer cells [20:00]; -Ketones and oxygen toxicity seizures [32:00]; -HBOT & its many applications [40:00]; -Ketones, MCTs, and exogenous ketones [59:15]; -How ketones affect blood glucose [1:20:00]; -Ketone esters, salts, enantiomers vs. racemic BOHB [1:38:00]; -Dom’s ketone tolerance test [1:56:00]; -The metabolic management of cancer using a Press-Pulse approach [1:59:45]; and -More. About: The Peter Attia Drive is a weekly, ultra-deep-dive podcast focusing on maximizing health, longevity, critical thinking…and a few other things. With over 10 million episodes downloaded, it features topics including fasting, ketosis, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, mental health, and much more. Peter is the founder of Attia Medical, PC, a medical practice with offices in San Diego and New York City, focusing on the applied science of longevity. The practice applies nutritional biochemistry, exercise physiology, sleep physiology, techniques to increase distress tolerance, lipidology, pharmacology, and four-system endocrinology to increase lifespan (delaying the onset of chronic disease), while simultaneously improving healthspan (quality of life). Learn more: https://peterattiamd.com/ Subscribe to receive exclusive subscriber-only content: https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/ Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/ Connect with Peter on: Facebook: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDFB Twitter: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDTW Instagram: http://bit.ly/PeterAttiaMDIG Subscribe to The Drive: Apple Podcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveApplePodcasts Overcast: http://bit.ly/TheDriveOvercast Spotify: http://bit.ly/TheDriveSpotify Google Play: http://bit.ly/TheDriveGooglePlay

Peter AttiahostDom D’Agostinoguest
Dec 17, 20192h 43mWatch on YouTube ↗

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At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

Dom D'Agostino explains ketosis, exogenous ketones, hyperbaric oxygen, seizures and cancer metabolism

  1. D'Agostino describes how building a hyperbaric microscope for Navy-funded oxygen toxicity seizure research led him to see cancer cells die under hyperbaric oxygen and to notice that beta-hydroxybutyrate slowed their growth in culture.
  2. The conversation covers ketone physiology in detail, from Cahill's 40-day fasting studies and brain fuel partitioning to how MCTs, ketone salts, and ketone esters raise blood ketones and why racemic versus pure D forms matter.
  3. D'Agostino reports that the ketone ester he works with, which raises BHB and acetoacetate roughly one-to-one, had anti-seizure effects in his animal models, while elevating BHB alone did not, and that exogenous ketones lower blood glucose.
  4. D'Agostino lays out a 'press-pulse' cancer framework, using a glucose ketone index of one to two as the continuous press and tools like hyperbaric oxygen, IV vitamin C, and glycolytic inhibitors as intermittent pulses, with repeated disclaimers that this is not medical advice.
  5. He closes by saying his thinking has shifted from ketones as an alternative fuel toward ketones as epigenetic signaling molecules acting through HDAC inhibition, citing a Kabuki syndrome mouse model.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Cancer cells are vulnerable to excess oxidative stress.

D'Agostino saw glioblastoma cells produce far more superoxide under hyperbaric oxygen and die, which he explains as pushing cells that rely on elevated reactive oxygen species past their antioxidant capacity.

Ketones can serve as the brain's main fuel during fasting.

In Cahill's 40-day fasts, after about ten days BHB supplied roughly 60% of brain energy and acetoacetate about 10%, with glucose providing around a third.

MCTs are a cheaper, food-based route to ketones.

D'Agostino calls MCTs the 'poor man's ketone ester': they go straight to the liver via the portal circulation and are rapidly oxidized, and he built his tolerance up to about 150 ml a day.

The form of ketone matters for seizure effects.

D'Agostino says pure BHB did not show anti-seizure effects in his models, whereas a ketone ester delivering BHB and acetoacetate about one-to-one did, which is why he considers acetoacetate necessary.

Keto-adapted people clear ketones quickly.

He proposes a 'ketone tolerance test' analogous to a glucose tolerance test, noting that fat-adapted athletes dispose of ketones fast while less fit people can spike to five or six millimolar from one dose.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

MCTs are kind of like the poor man's ketone ester, right? So they are, they're, they're found in nature, they're versatile, you can incorporate them into food.

— Dom D’Agostino

I think mitochondrial health and mitochondrial vitality would be the ultimate tumor suppressor.

— Dom D’Agostino

I would say the ketogenic potency is inversely proportional to taste.

— Dom D’Agostino

The therapy that I'm describing, if the patient goes into it, they're gonna come out of it stronger than they were going into it.

— Dom D’Agostino

Every day I feel like I'm getting dumber because the rate at which I'm being exposed to new information is exceeding the rate at which I'm assimilating it.

— Peter Attia

Oxygen toxicity seizures and hyperbaric oxygenWarburg effect and cancer metabolismCahill's prolonged fasting studiesMCTs, ketone salts, and ketone estersD versus L BHB and racemic productsPress-pulse metabolic cancer protocolKetones as epigenetic signaling molecules

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