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Re:Thinking with Adam GrantRe:Thinking with Adam Grant

Were you raised to challenge authority?

@estherperel is a psychotherapist known for her innovative approach to relationships. In this episode, Adam and Esther discuss the relational baggage we all carry through our lives and into our work, and how our differing personalities and relationship styles can affect collaboration and culture. They break down the differences between relationship- and task-oriented personalities, and consider the fine balance between risk-taking and rule-following that makes for a healthy relationship with ourselves and others. Join us in person at a TED conference: https://tedtalks.social/events Become a TED Member to support our mission: https://ted.com/membership Subscribe to a TED newsletter: https://ted.com/newsletters Follow our podcasts! Podcasts: https://www.ted.com/podcasts Fixable: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/fixable How to Be a Better Human: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/how-to-be-a-better-human ReThinking with Adam Grant: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/rethinking-with-adam-grant TED Talks Daily: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/ted-talks-daily TED Business: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/ted_business TED Health: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/ted-health TED Tech: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/ted-tech The TED Audio Collective is a collection of podcasts for the curious. The TED Audio Collective videos may be used for non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons License, Attribution–Non Commercial–No Derivatives (or the CC BY – NC – ND 4.0 International) and in accordance with our TED Talks Usage Policy (https://www.ted.com/about/our-organiz...). For more information on using TED for commercial purposes (e.g. employee learning, in a film or online course), please submit a Media Request at https://media-requests.ted.com.

Esther Perelguest
Mar 3, 20261mWatch on YouTube ↗

CHAPTERS

  1. 0:00 – 0:15

    Autonomy vs. loyalty: the two core upbringing templates

    Esther Perel frames a foundational question: were you raised toward autonomy/self-reliance or toward loyalty/interdependence? She emphasizes these orientations can come from explicit parenting messages or from life circumstances that force independence.

    • Two primary upbringing orientations: autonomy/self-reliance vs. loyalty/interdependence
    • These patterns are shaped by messages and by circumstances (e.g., being left to your own devices)
    • Early upbringing creates an internal script about what to do when problems arise
  2. 0:15 – 0:30

    The self-reliant mindset and its inner script

    She describes how autonomy-oriented upbringing often produces a strong belief in standing on your own and solving problems independently. This mindset can come with a default assumption that you must handle things yourself—and may even do them best alone.

    • Internal message: “I’ve got my own legs to stand on”
    • Default problem-solving stance: “What can I do?”
    • Self-reliance can be adaptive but also isolating if it becomes rigid
  3. 0:30 – 0:45

    How upbringing shapes your relationship to authority

    Perel connects autonomy/loyalty patterns to how people learn to respond to authority figures. She maps a range of possible learned responses—from challenging authority to complying with it, trusting it, or distrusting it.

    • Authority response patterns: challenge, submit, comply, fight, trust, distrust
    • These patterns are learned early and become habitual
    • Authority isn’t just about power; it’s filtered through personal history
  4. 0:45 – 1:00

    Authority experiences extend beyond parents

    She broadens the definition of formative authority beyond the nuclear family. Teachers, coaches, and other parental figures also shape whether authority feels safe, helpful, or betraying.

    • Authority figures include parents and wider caretaking systems
    • Teachers/coaches can be pivotal in shaping authority narratives
    • Experiences of betrayal by authority can become a lasting lens
  5. 1:00 – 1:15

    Interdependence: identity embedded in a network

    Perel explains the loyalty/interdependence worldview as one where the self is defined through relationships and obligations. Decisions and happiness are evaluated in terms of impact on others, not only personal benefit.

    • “My problem is everybody else’s problem too”
    • Choices are measured by relational consequences
    • Selfhood is shaped through connection and responsibility
  6. 1:15 – 1:31

    Worldviews that travel: bringing your upbringing into work

    These early templates don’t stay in childhood—they accompany people into professional environments. The way someone engages managers and organizational authority often reflects these inherited worldviews.

    • Upbringing-driven “worldviews” carry into the workplace
    • Work relationships can activate old loyalty/autonomy patterns
    • Authority dynamics at work are often emotionally loaded
  7. 1:31

    Manager conflicts aren’t only about the manager

    Perel notes that a bad relationship with a boss is not solely explained by the boss’s behavior. Interpretation and response—shaped by prior authority experiences—play a major role in how conflict is experienced and escalated.

    • Conflict includes perception and reaction, not just actions
    • Past authority experiences shape present interpretations
    • Two people can experience the same boss very differently
  8. The relationship ‘dance’: personality meets personality

    She closes by reframing workplace relationships as a dynamic interaction between two personalities rather than a one-sided verdict. Like a dance, the outcome depends on both partners’ patterns, triggers, and moves.

    • Relationships are co-created, not one-person narratives
    • Compatibility and friction come from interaction patterns
    • Different employees can like/dislike the same boss based on their own lens

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