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Re:Thinking with Adam GrantRe:Thinking with Adam Grant

Were you raised to challenge authority?

@estherperel is a psychotherapist known for her innovative approach to relationships. In this episode, Adam and Esther discuss the relational baggage we all carry through our lives and into our work, and how our differing personalities and relationship styles can affect collaboration and culture. They break down the differences between relationship- and task-oriented personalities, and consider the fine balance between risk-taking and rule-following that makes for a healthy relationship with ourselves and others. Join us in person at a TED conference: https://tedtalks.social/events Become a TED Member to support our mission: https://ted.com/membership Subscribe to a TED newsletter: https://ted.com/newsletters Follow our podcasts! Podcasts: https://www.ted.com/podcasts Fixable: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/fixable How to Be a Better Human: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/how-to-be-a-better-human ReThinking with Adam Grant: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/rethinking-with-adam-grant TED Talks Daily: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/ted-talks-daily TED Business: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/ted_business TED Health: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/ted-health TED Tech: https://www.ted.com/podcasts/ted-tech The TED Audio Collective is a collection of podcasts for the curious. The TED Audio Collective videos may be used for non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons License, Attribution–Non Commercial–No Derivatives (or the CC BY – NC – ND 4.0 International) and in accordance with our TED Talks Usage Policy (https://www.ted.com/about/our-organiz...). For more information on using TED for commercial purposes (e.g. employee learning, in a film or online course), please submit a Media Request at https://media-requests.ted.com.

Esther Perelguest
Mar 3, 20261mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

How childhood values shape autonomy, loyalty, and authority responses at work

  1. Perel contrasts upbringings centered on autonomy and self-reliance with those centered on loyalty and interdependence, framing them as durable worldviews.
  2. Autonomy-oriented upbringing often creates an internal script of self-sufficiency that drives problem-solving through personal agency but also colors reactions to authority.
  3. Interdependence-oriented upbringing embeds the self in a relational network where decisions and happiness are evaluated by their impact on others.
  4. People’s experiences with authority figures (parents, teachers, coaches, bosses) shape whether they challenge, comply with, distrust, or repeatedly fight authority.
  5. Workplace conflict with a manager is often a “dance” between two personalities—how someone interprets and responds matters as much as what the boss does.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Your upbringing installs a default operating system for independence or connection.

Autonomy-focused backgrounds tend to emphasize standing on your own, sometimes due to life circumstances as much as explicit messages, while interdependence emphasizes shared responsibility and mutual impact.

Attitudes toward authority are learned early and generalized later.

Experiences with parents, teachers, and coaches can train you to challenge, submit to, distrust, or constantly fight authority—patterns that can reappear with bosses and institutions.

Self-reliance scripts can be empowering but can also narrow options.

“What can I do?” is a strong problem-solving stance, yet it may underweight asking for help, collaboration, or recognizing when systems/leadership need to change.

Interdependence scripts promote responsibility to others but can limit individual choice.

If happiness and decisions are measured primarily by effects on others, it can strengthen loyalty and cohesion while making it harder to prioritize personal needs or set boundaries.

The same manager can be experienced very differently depending on the employee’s lens.

Perel argues workplace relationships are co-created: interpretation and response patterns interact with the boss’s behavior, producing different outcomes for different people.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

I often will ask people, were you raised primarily for autonomy and self-reliance, or would you say that you were raised more for loyalty and interdependence?

Esther Perel

But you have a message in your head, "I've got my own legs to stand on. I have to be the one to do it. Nobody can do it as well as me."

Esther Perel

And in-baked in that is also, how did you deal with authority? Was-- Did, did you learn to challenge it? Did you learn to succumb to it? Did you learn to be, uh, obedient, compliant? Did you fight it all the time? Did you trust it? Did you distrust it? Did you think it was an authority that betrayed you?

Esther Perel

If you're raised for loyalty and in-interdependence, your self is embedded in a network of connections.

Esther Perel

The same boss can often be liked by some and dis-totally disliked by others because a relationship is not just one person's personality. It's the dance between two personalities.

Esther Perel

Autonomy vs interdependence upbringingInternal scripts of self-relianceLoyalty and relational decision-makingAuthority relationships and trustInterpretation of manager behaviorWorkplace dynamics as mutual interactionEarly authority figures beyond the nuclear family

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