The Nutritional Scientist: Do Not Eat After 9pm! Link Between Chewing & Belly Fat!

The Nutritional Scientist: Do Not Eat After 9pm! Link Between Chewing & Belly Fat!

The Diary of a CEOJan 27, 20252h 11m

Dr Sarah Berry (guest), Steven Bartlett (host), Narrator

Food matrix and food processing: structure, bioaccessibility, and health effectsEating behavior: chewing, eating speed, snacking patterns, and time‑restricted eatingMisinformation and ‘nutribollocks’: seed oils, saturated fat, dairy, nuts, and industry fundingSnacks, nuts, fiber, and cardiovascular/metabolic healthChrononutrition and sleep: meal timing, late‑night eating, and social jet lagMenopause and perimenopause: hormones, metabolism, symptoms, and diet/HRTPractical nutrition principles: balancing pleasure, sustainability, and evidence‑based health

In this episode of The Diary of a CEO, featuring Dr Sarah Berry and Steven Bartlett, The Nutritional Scientist: Do Not Eat After 9pm! Link Between Chewing & Belly Fat! explores chew More, Snack Smarter, Sleep Better: Rethinking Food And Health Nutrition scientist Professor Sarah Berry explains how what we eat, how we eat, and when we eat interact with sleep, stress, and biology to shape our health. She introduces the concept of the “food matrix” – the structure of food – showing why whole foods and processing methods can radically alter calorie absorption, satiety, blood sugar, and cardiovascular risk despite identical labels. Berry dismantles popular myths around seed oils, saturated fat, dairy, nuts, and snacking, and shares evidence on eating speed, late‑night eating, time‑restricted eating, and fiber. She also highlights how menopause and sleep disruption change metabolism and symptoms, and outlines simple, sustainable principles for eating that prioritize both health and pleasure.

Chew More, Snack Smarter, Sleep Better: Rethinking Food And Health

Nutrition scientist Professor Sarah Berry explains how what we eat, how we eat, and when we eat interact with sleep, stress, and biology to shape our health. She introduces the concept of the “food matrix” – the structure of food – showing why whole foods and processing methods can radically alter calorie absorption, satiety, blood sugar, and cardiovascular risk despite identical labels. Berry dismantles popular myths around seed oils, saturated fat, dairy, nuts, and snacking, and shares evidence on eating speed, late‑night eating, time‑restricted eating, and fiber. She also highlights how menopause and sleep disruption change metabolism and symptoms, and outlines simple, sustainable principles for eating that prioritize both health and pleasure.

Key Takeaways

Food structure (the ‘food matrix’) can completely change how your body handles identical nutrients.

Berry shows that an apple, apple purée, and apple juice have the same ingredients but different structures, leading to different eating speeds, fullness, blood sugar responses, and subsequent calorie intake. ...

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Eating slower and chewing more meaningfully reduces calorie intake and supports weight management.

Research Berry cites shows that eating 20% more slowly reduces calorie intake by around 15%, and fast eaters consume about 120 extra calories per day vs. ...

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Late‑night eating, especially after 9 p.m., is linked to worse metabolic health—even with ‘healthy’ snacks.

In ZOE data on 1,000 people, 30% snacked after 9 p. ...

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Healthy snack swaps can rapidly and substantially improve cardiovascular markers.

In a six‑week RCT, participants replaced 20% of daily energy with either typical UK snack muffins (high in sugar, saturated fat, refined carbs; low in fiber) or almonds. ...

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Popular fears about seed oils, nuts, and some dairy products are not supported by credible evidence.

Berry calls the online panic about seed oils “nutribollocks,” citing meta‑analyses of RCTs (including ~42 trials) showing seed oil–rich polyunsaturated fats lower LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular risk compared with saturated fats like beef tallow. ...

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Sleep quality and consistency are as important as macros for metabolic responses and food choices.

ZOE studies show that a bad night’s sleep raises post‑meal blood sugar responses to the same breakfast, similar in magnitude to changing the macronutrient composition. ...

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Simple, sustainable principles beat restrictive diets and ‘biohacked’ optimization.

Berry’s five core principles: (1) Choose an eating pattern you enjoy so it’s sustainable. ...

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Notable Quotes

There is absolutely no evidence to show seed oils are harmful. Actually, they’re beneficial for our health.

Dr. Sarah Berry

You can have two foods with identical labeling, same nutrients and calorie value, but entirely different impacts in terms of how you metabolize that food and how it impacts downstream health effects.

Dr. Sarah Berry

On average, if you change the speed in which you eat your food by about 20%, you reduce your calorie intake by about 15%.

Dr. Sarah Berry

Eating after nine o’clock isn’t great for your health… we found this was even if you were snacking on healthy snacks.

Dr. Sarah Berry

If a food is too healthy to be enjoyed, it’s just not healthy at all.

Dr. Sarah Berry

Questions Answered in This Episode

In your almond and oat studies, how much of the benefit was due to structural differences alone versus accompanying changes in people’s overall dietary patterns or behaviors during the trials?

Nutrition scientist Professor Sarah Berry explains how what we eat, how we eat, and when we eat interact with sleep, stress, and biology to shape our health. ...

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You mentioned that ground nuts make more vitamins and beneficial compounds bioavailable but also increase calorie absorption; how should food companies and consumers balance those trade‑offs when designing or choosing nut‑based products like butters and bars?

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Given your strong evidence in favor of seed oils, what do you think is the most productive way to engage with high‑profile figures who publicly promote beef tallow and anti–seed oil rhetoric without data?

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For someone entering perimenopause who already eats reasonably well, which specific dietary tweaks (e.g., more soy isoflavones, different meal timing, added fiber) are most likely to deliver that ~30–35% symptom reduction you’ve observed?

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If governments were to act on your research tomorrow, what one or two concrete policy changes around snacks, late‑night eating, or school food would you prioritize to meaningfully improve population‑level metabolic health?

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Transcript Preview

Dr Sarah Berry

If you go on social media... "Seed oils are toxic. Seed oils are gonna give you Alzheimer's. Seed oils are gonna give you cancer." But I've done lots of research, and there is absolutely no evidence to show seed oils are harmful. Actually, they're beneficial for our health. And I'll come back to that, but the problem is that there is so much misinformation out there about what we eat, how we eat, and how it affects our health.

Steven Bartlett

So let's go into all of that. Dr. Sarah Berry is a renowned nutrition scientist and professor. With over 20 years of research, her work has reshaped how we think about food, metabolism, and gut health. Dr. Sarah Berry, we have a lot to get through.

Dr Sarah Berry

Yes.

Steven Bartlett

So let's start with the food matrix.

Dr Sarah Berry

That's so important because you can have two foods with identical labeling, same nutrients and calorie value, but can have entirely different impacts in terms of how you metabolize that food and how it impacts downstream health effects depending on how that food has been processed. Now, we also know the timing of when we eat is really important. For example, we found that snacking after 9 o'clock was associated with unfavorable health outcomes, the worst kind of fat around your belly, for example. This was even if you were snacking on healthy snacks.

Steven Bartlett

Really?

Dr Sarah Berry

And we also know that, on average, if you change the speed in which you eat your food by 20%, you'll reduce your calorie intake by about 15%. But where it gets really interesting is there's evidence to show if you chew your food 40 times versus 15 times, it can result in... And then there's the menopause. We've conducted lots of research, and one of the most exciting things is that there is principles which can reduce symptoms by about 35%. And so they are-

Steven Bartlett

This has always blown my mind a little bit. 53% of you that listen to this show regularly haven't yet subscribed to the show. So could I ask you for a favor before we start? If you like the show, and you like what we do here, and you want to support us, the free simple way that you can do just that is by hitting the subscribe button. And my commitment to you is if you do that, then I'll do everything in my power, me and my team, to make sure that this show is better for you every single week. We'll listen to your feedback, we'll find the guests that you want me to speak to, and we'll continue to do what we do. Thank you so much. Dr. Sarah Berry, can you give me a little bit of an overview over what you've spent the last sort of 25 years of your career focusing on and understanding?

Dr Sarah Berry

Yeah. So I've spent 25 years starting out in quite a specific area, looking at how diet impacts our cardio-metabolic health. So by this, I mean lots of factors related to cardiovascular disease, like type 2 diabetes, our cholesterol, our blood pressure, our inflammation. And then, uh, more recently, I've been looking at how actually we piece together all the complexity of who we are, what we eat, how we eat, um, into how that actually impacts how we respond to food and the healthfulness of a food. Um, most of my work's been done through running clinical trials, so randomized control clinical trials, where I recruit various people, get them to eat various things, do loads and loads of different measurements, and look at how a food or a nutrient or a diet might impact a particular health outcome.

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