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Re:Thinking with Adam GrantRe:Thinking with Adam Grant

The US should let the internet rewrite its laws!

Hélène Landemore is a political scientist at Yale who studies democracy. She has a radical idea for fixing politics: what if we replaced career politicians with citizen assemblies, filled with people chosen by lottery? In this episode, Hélène and Adam discuss the history of this idea, tracing back to Ancient Greece and the birth of democracy, as well as recent examples of countries and states that have tried this bold method of governance. Hélène responds to some common questions and concerns about citizen assemblies, and Adam breaks down some evidence supporting the notion that ordinary citizens may be more fit to serve and lead than professional politicians. Host & Guest Adam Grant (Instagram: @adamgrant | LinkedIn: @adammgrant | Website: https://adamgrant.net/) Hélène Landemore (Website: https://www.helenelandemore.com/) Links Politics Without Politicians: The Case for Citizen Rule - https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0593713982 Join us in person at a TED conference: https://tedtalks.social/events Become a TED Member to support our mission: https://ted.com/membership Subscribe to a TED newsletter: https://ted.com/newsletters Follow TED! X: https://www.twitter.com/TEDTalks Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ted Facebook: https://facebook.com/TED LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/ted-conferences TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@tedtoks Podcasts: https://www.ted.com/podcasts The TED Audio Collective is a collection of podcasts for the curious. The TED Audio Collective videos may be used for non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons License, Attribution–Non Commercial–No Derivatives (or the CC BY – NC – ND 4.0 International) and in accordance with our TED Talks Usage Policy (https://www.ted.com/about/our-organiz...). For more information on using TED for commercial purposes (e.g. employee learning, in a film or online course), please submit a Media Request at https://media-requests.ted.com.

Hélène Landemoreguest
Feb 10, 20260mWatch on YouTube ↗

At a glance

WHAT IT’S REALLY ABOUT

Iceland’s crowdsourced constitution shows how internet-enabled citizen lawmaking can work

  1. Hélène Landemore recounts learning about Iceland’s constitutional process as a turning point in how she thinks about citizen participation in governance.
  2. Iceland experimented with drafting a national constitution using non-professional politicians and ordinary citizens rather than relying solely on traditional political elites.
  3. The process incorporated a large, randomly selected group of 950 citizens to generate initial ideas and priorities for the constitution.
  4. Drafts were published online so the broader public could comment and contribute suggestions throughout the writing process.
  5. The resulting document was ultimately put to a referendum, linking participatory drafting to a formal democratic decision mechanism.

IDEAS WORTH REMEMBERING

5 ideas

Constitution-writing can be opened to ordinary citizens.

The transcript highlights a “radical” alternative to elite-led constitutional reform: involving non-professional politicians and everyday people in foundational legal design.

Sortition can seed legitimate, diverse starting input.

A randomly selected group of 950 citizens served as the initial brainstorming body, suggesting a way to reduce partisan gatekeeping and broaden representation at the agenda-setting stage.

Publishing drafts online turns constitution-making into an iterative, participatory process.

By posting drafts online for public contribution, Iceland created feedback loops that allow many people to “chip in” ideas and critiques beyond the formal drafting group.

Digital participation complements—not replaces—formal democratic decision rules.

The process culminated in a referendum, showing how participatory drafting can be paired with established legitimacy tests rather than bypassing them.

Large-scale input is possible when the workflow is designed around stages.

The narrative implies a staged pipeline—random-citizen brainstorming, iterative online drafting, then referendum—that makes mass participation more manageable than a single open-ended forum.

WORDS WORTH SAVING

5 quotes

I would say I think the second shock was the Icelandic constitutional process.

Hélène Landemore

"Wow, so we can actually rewrite the constitution of a country involving n- you know, non-professional politicians."

Hélène Landemore

"And not only that, but they're actually putting their drafts online for the rest of the public to contribute and, and, and chip in their ideas and, and thoughts."

Hélène Landemore

"And they did that on the basis of, like, the first sort of a brainstorming of, of a, of a group of 950 randomly selected citizens."

Hélène Landemore

"And at the end, they put the, the final, uh, document to a referendum"

Hélène Landemore

Iceland 2012 constitutional processRandom selection of citizens (sortition)Crowdsourced online drafting and feedbackNon-professional citizen participation in lawmakingPublic brainstorming at scale (950 participants)Referendum as legitimacy mechanismRethinking constitutional design and democracy

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